Zophatikiza Zangwiro Kwambiri Zomwe Zapangidwapo

Magalimoto awiri a BMW osakanizidwa M'malo mwake, chinali chiwonetsero cha ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri.

Makampani opanga magalimoto nthawi zambiri amajambula zithunzi zangwiro pazomwe amafalitsa, koma pochita izi sangathe kudziwiratu zomwe zingachitike padziko lapansi ndikukonzekera njira yawo moyenera. Nthawi zina kusintha kumafunika kuuluka, nthawi zina mofulumira, nthawi zina osati mokwanira. Mwanjira iliyonse, amabwera ndi chidziwitso chosayerekezeka ndipo kusintha kwa mtundu wosakanizidwa wa BMW ndichitsanzo chabwino cha izi. Imayendayenda mosiyanasiyana mpaka itapeza mawonekedwe omveka bwino, kufotokoza komanso mawonekedwe ena omwe ali nayo pakadali pano.

Njira yakukwera kwakukulu kwamitengo yamafuta, yomwe idayamba koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1993 ndikupitilira mwachangu mzaka khumi zikubwerazi, idadabwitsa akatswiri ambiri ndikupangitsa kusintha kwakukulu pamsika wamagalimoto. Panthawiyo, BMW inali kale ndi injini za dizilo zogwira bwino ntchito, koma magalimoto awa adakhalabe patsogolo pamsika waku Europe. Nthawi yomweyo, Toyota adalimbikira pulogalamu yake yosakanizidwa, yomwe idakhala yodalirika ndikusinthira ku Lexus yapamwamba. Chiyambireni kukula mu 1997, kukhazikitsidwa kwa Prius yoyamba mu XNUMX ndikukula pang'onopang'ono kwa mzere wosakanizidwa wa Toyota, kampaniyo sinazengereze mphindi. Mtengo wamafuta ukayamba kukwera, kampaniyo pamapeto pake imatha kupeza zabwino chifukwa chogwira ntchito molimbika komanso kupirira. Mwa njira, ngakhale pano, pambuyo pa manyazi a dizilo (sizikudziwika bwinobwino chifukwa chake Toyota safuna kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire akuluakulu ndi ntchito zina). Ku Toyota, makampani ngati BMW sanafune kumva za izi, ndipo mabwana ambiri a GM ngati Bob Lutz adawanyoza.

Co-op yapadziko lonse lapansi

Panali zifukwa zomveka zokhazikitsira BMW Project i mu 2007. Zitawonekeratu kuti kukwera kwamitengo yamafuta kunali kofulumira komanso kosasunthika ndikuyesa kukhalapo konse kwamakampani agalimoto momwe zidalili nthawi imeneyo, makampani ambiri adasintha momwe amaonera ukadaulo wosakanizidwa. Pakati pawo, BMW, sichimakonzekera zomwe zikuchitika. Zomwezo zitha kunenedwa za wopikisana naye mwachindunji Daimler-Benz, yemwe pakadali pano adasaina mgwirizano wopanga mtundu wosakanizidwa ndi… GM. Inde, zitha kumveka zachilendo, koma pakuchita, GM inali ndi ukadaulo wofunikira chifukwa gulu lake la Allison Powertrain linali litapanga kale makina osakanikirana amabasi a New Flyer. Mu 2005, omwe amayang'anira BMW adaganiza zophatikizana ndi BMW ndipo potero adayamba mgwirizano womwe umatchedwa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi.

Ntchito yaikulu ya injiniya wa makampani atatu anali m'malo zovuta "kutsitsa" dongosolo basi lotchedwa "Two-Mode Hybrid" - teknoloji yofanana kwambiri ndi teknoloji ya Toyota ndi majenereta awiri a injini ndi zida za mapulaneti ophatikizana, koma pochita zambiri. . yabwino chifukwa inali ndi magiya owonjezera a mapulaneti omwe amawonjezera magiya osakhazikika kudongosolo. Makampani atatuwa adayesetsa kwambiri, koma pamapeto pake, chifukwa cha ntchito yamagulu, BMW ActiveHybrid X6 idabadwa, motero. Mercedes ML450 Hybrid ndi Chevrolet Tahoe Hybrid, komanso mitundu ingapo yomaliza kuchokera kumagulu ena a GM. BMW chitsanzo ndi amphamvu eyiti yamphamvu jekeseni biturbo injini wakhala apamwamba kwambiri a iwo.

Posakhalitsa zidadziwika kwa Mercedes ndi BMW kuti dongosololi silingakhale yankho m'kupita kwanthawi. Zovuta zazinthu ndi zifukwa za izi mwina zimadziwika ndi anthu okhawo ochokera kumagulu apamwamba a makampani awiriwa, koma mwina chachikulu ndikuti dongosolo lovuta linali lokwera mtengo kwambiri. Mu 2011, mwachitsanzo, Active Hybrid X6 imayenera kuwononga € 103, pomwe yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa X000 6i idagula "zokha" € 50.

Mpaka lero, BMW imanyalanyaza mosamalitsa nkhani ya mitundu iwiri ya hybrid odyssey ndikunyalanyaza izi kuchokera m'mbiri yake. Mayankho amachokera ku "mgwirizano ndi Mercedes ndi GM wongokhudza chitukuko" mpaka "tapeza zambiri." Ngakhale apo, mkulu wa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, Klaus Draeger, sanalowe mwatsatanetsatane ndipo adasintha maganizo ake kuti machitidwe amtundu wapawiri ndi chiyanjano chimodzi mwazinthu zambiri zamakono zomwe dipatimenti yake ikugwira ntchito. Kumbali inayi, zonsezi sizisintha kufunikira kwa yankho lapadera laukadaulo, lomwe mwachizolowezi lakhala lothandiza kwambiri mpaka pano, komanso kuti silinatenge nthawi yayitali lidapanga aura yowonjezera yachinsinsi mozungulira. Masiku ano, ma BMW ActiveHybrid X6 atatu okha ndi omwe angapezeke m'nkhokwe yayikulu ya mobile.de.

Mitundu yosakanikirana: ndi chiyani?

Ngakhale pokonzekera ActiveHybrid X6, Mercedes ndi BMW anali atatsata kale nthambi yosintha mitundu ina yophatikiza. Kuchuluka kwa mgwirizano kudapangitsa kuti pakhale kuphatikiza kwa mitundu yoyamba ya S-Class (S400 Hybrid) ndi BMW Active Hybrid 7. Magalimoto onse awiriwa anali kale ndi mabatire amtundu wa ion, amagawana zida zamagetsi zaku Continental komanso zomangamanga zofananira ndi batiri lophatikizidwa. poyatsira magetsi. Pambuyo pawo, makampani awiriwa adayamba njira yawo yomwe idawatsogolera kumalo omwe ali ndi magetsi ochulukirapo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosakanizidwa ndi magetsi oyendera magetsi.

Koma tisadzipereke patsogolo. Kumapeto kwa zaka khumi zoyambirira za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi, BMW ndi Mercedes anali ndi masomphenya osiyana ndi lingaliro loyendetsa la haibridi. Magulu awiriwa, makina a Mercedes 'hybrid system amayang'ana kwambiri madalaivala ocheperako pogwiritsa ntchito injini yazoyenda zisanu ndi imodzi yamphamvu ya Atkinson, ndipo gawo lomwelo lidagwiritsidwa ntchito pa S-Class. M'malo mwake, BMW idalingalira za mtundu wosakanizidwa wosasangalatsa, womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati "chilimbikitso" chowonjezerapo injini osati kungowonjezera mphamvu zake zokha, komanso khalani bonasi pankhaniyi. Poterepa, ActiveHybrid yodziwika bwino inali yomveka ndipo opanga adaonjezeranso mota wamagetsi pama mota awo amphamvu. ActiveHybrid X6 onse (onani bokosi) ndi ActiveHybrid 7 adayendetsedwa ndi injini yayikulu ya 4,4-litre 407 bhp biturbo. Ndipo pomwe magetsi anali akadangokhala 2009 kW kuchokera ku 2013 mpaka 01 kupanga F7 Series 15 ndipo amaperekabe ma traction owonjezera akamathamanga, mu ActiveHybrid 3 (F30) ndi ActiveHybrid 5 (F10). kwa injini yamphamvu zisanu ndi imodzi ya 306 hp turbo. Mphamvu yowonjezerapo ya 40 kW yamagetsi yamagetsi idawonjezedwa, yolumikizidwa chimodzimodzi ndi bokosi lamagalimoto eyiti eyiti. Pakufulumira kuchokera pamasekondi opitilira 5 kupita ku 100 km / h, magalimoto onsewa adawonetsa mawonekedwe osiririka. Funso losiyana ndiloti zonsezi zingathe kukhala motalika bwanji ndi mabatire okhala ndi mphamvu pafupifupi 1 kWh.

Komabe, nzeru izi sizinagwire ntchito, chifukwa mitundu yonse itatu sinachite bwino pamsika. Sabata la ActiveHybrid lidatha zaka zinayi pambuyo pake, ndipo ActiveHybrid 5 ndi 3, yomwe idayambitsidwa mu 2011 ndi 2012 motsatana, idakhala moyo wamfupi kwambiri ndipo idatha kukhalapo mu 2015. Panalinso filosofi yatsopano yolamulidwa ndi malangizo a Project i, omwe sanaphatikizepo mayunitsi ankhanza amphamvu, koma mitundu ingapo yaying'ono yamphamvu (ngakhale X5 ndi Series 7), yophatikizidwa ndi ma motors amagetsi amphamvu kwambiri, mabatire a lithiamu-ion okhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu. Kutha kwakukulu komanso kutha kuyenda pafupifupi makilomita 40 pagalimoto yamagetsi. Izi ndizomwe zimalamulira nthawiyo, ndipo ku Europe, ndi misonkho yachilengedwe m'malo ambiri m'mizinda yaku Europe, malingaliro awa anali abwino. Pomwe vuto la kutulutsa dizilo litayamba, makampani ambiri, kuphatikiza BMW, adawonetsa izi, zomwe zidapangidwa kuti zizithandizira.

Mitundu iwiri ya BMW yophatikiza idzakhalabe tekinoloje yapadera

ActiveHybrid X6 ikadali yaukadaulo waukadaulo, mwatsoka ndiyokwera mtengo. Dongosololi limapereka chitonthozo chosayerekezeka, ndipo kufewa kosuntha kuchokera kumayendedwe ena kupita kumtundu wina komanso kuchokera ku giya kupita kwina ndikosangalatsa kwambiri kuposa kufalikira kwa ma liwiro asanu ndi atatu a ZF. Imaphatikizapo ma injini awiri a injini zofanana ndi Toyota ndipo imagwira ntchito mwanjira yakeyake, koma ili ndi magiya okhazikika - china chake Toyota changoyambitsa kumene ndi wosakanizidwa wamitundu yambiri. Tsoka ilo, batire ya nickel-metal hydride inali yolemera makilogalamu 250 kuposa mnzake wamba, ngakhale kulibe zolimbitsa thupi komanso kuyimitsidwa kosinthika. Kumbali ina, magetsi amphamvu amphamvu, omwe ali pansi pa chobvala chachikulu pachivundikiro chakutsogolo, amayendetsedwa ndikuyenda kwamphamvu ndikusankha modekha mwatsatanetsatane. Kodi zonse zinali zomveka? Yankho mwamtheradi inde. M'mayesero enieni a magalimoto oyendetsa magalimoto ndi masewera, kuphatikizapo kuthamanga kwambiri, ActiveHybrid X6 inasonyeza mafuta osaneneka a malita 9,6. Poyendetsa mumzinda, mtengo wa 9,0 l / 100 km unali zotheka. Uwu unali umboni weniweni kwa omwe amapanga njira ziwiri zosakanizidwa ndi okonza a Bavaria. Komabe, ichi ndi chitsanzo cha kukula kwa SUV matani awiri ndi theka, ndi kutsogolo kwakukulu ndi matayala ndi m'lifupi ... 325 millimeters.

Zolemba: Georgy Kolev