Renault R35

Ngakhale zolephera za R35 mu kampeni ya ku Poland ya 1939, atha kuthandizira phindu la komweko, ndikuwonjezera mwayi wopambana motsutsana ndi wankhanza waku Germany.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo lakukulitsa zida zankhondo pamaziko amakampani apanyumba kuyenera kungokhala akasinja okhala ndi zida zoonda ndipo zitha kuchitika pang'onopang'ono (...) titha kupeza magalimoto oyambira okhala ndi zida, akasinja okhala ndi zida zakuda. , kokha Kunja, chikhalidwe chinali kulandira ngongole, chifukwa. tinalibe ndalama zogulira ndalama. Komabe, ngakhale kuti ogwirizana athu adapanga matanki ambiri omwe anali abwino komanso otsika mtengo kuposa athu, ndipo ngakhale tidalandira ngongole chifukwa chogula, zovuta zopeza zida izi zinali zazikulu kwambiri kotero kuti nkhondo isanayambe tidangolandira. iye kwa batalioni imodzi.

Umu ndi momwe Chief of the General Staff (GSh), Lieutenant General Vaclav Stakhevich, adafotokozera mwachidule zoyesayesa za Poland zogula akasinja opepuka kuchokera ku France kumapeto kwa XNUMXs. Mawu awa, ngakhale akufotokoza zowona zenizeni za nthawiyo, komabe ndi ophweka ndipo samawonetsa bwino momwe zinthu zilili komanso zovuta popanga zisankho zomwe zidatsagana ndi maofesala aku Poland mu theka lachiwiri la XNUMXs.

General Stakhevich pa October 21, 1936, mu malangizo ake kufotokoza mishoni nkhondo akasinja kuwala, anasonyeza kugwirizana mu zokhumudwitsa ndi makanda monga chofunika kwambiri. Chofunikira ichi, chochitidwa bwino ndi R35, muzochita chinali cholunjika pakusintha mwachangu pakati pa mphamvu yokoka yake pamlingo wanzeru ndikupereka kugunda kolimba komwe Npl. adakhala wofooka. (...) Matanki amafunikira podutsa kutsogolo, koma mbali yanzeru iyenera kuonedwa ngati gawo lakutsogolo.

Kutenga nawo gawo kwa akasinja opepuka podzitchinjiriza motsutsana ndi zida za adani kapena kuperekeza mayunitsi ang'onoang'ono oyendetsa okha adanenedwa pambuyo pake ndi wamkulu wachitetezo chamalire. Kusintha kapena kuwonjezera ntchito zatsopano ku thanki yowunikira yaku Poland kunakakamiza kukhazikitsidwa kwa akasinja a 7TP okhala ndi 37 mm wz. 37. Magalimoto awa, ngakhale sanapangidwe ndi izi m'malingaliro, adakhala akasinja achilengedwe ku Poland. "Nyimbo zisanu ndi ziwiri" zapakhomo zimayenera kukhala zogwira mtima podzitchinjiriza komanso zokhumudwitsa, kutenga nawo gawo pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndipo, pomaliza, pankhondo yolimbana ndi akasinja a adani. Komabe, kupereka thandizo la thanki kwa asitikali ochezeka pakuwukira malo otetezedwa ndi adani kunakhalabe ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa tanki yowala yaku Poland. Tanki yaku France R35 inali yoyenera kwambiri pantchito yamtunduwu.

Akasinja a R35 operekedwa ku Poland adajambulidwa mumitundu yofananira ya asitikali aku France. Asanayambe chiwawa cha Germany motsutsana ndi Poland, magalimoto aku Poland sanali ataphimbidwa ndi chandamale cha tricolor camouflage.

Kumayambiriro kwa 1939 inali nthawi yotanganidwa kwambiri yogula matanki ku Poland, ndipo inalola kuti chiyembekezo china chikhale chochepa. Mu theka loyamba la Marichi, komiti ya ku Poland idawona ku Prague mitundu iwiri ya akasinja apakatikati omwe aperekedwa ndi makampani a Českomoravská Kolben-Danek ndi Škoda. Magalimoto onse awiriwa adachita chidwi kwambiri ndi oimira athu kotero kuti lingaliro lokonzekera tanki yapakati ndi zida zapakhomo linatsitsimutsidwa kwakanthawi. Patsiku lomaliza la Marichi, wamkulu wa gulu lankhondo adapereka kwa mkulu wa alonda amalire lipoti laulendo wake wopita ku mafakitale aku Czech, komanso kuwunika kwabwino kwa magalimoto a V8Hz ndi S-II-c ("Kutheka kugula. akasinja kunja,” No. 1776). Mutuwu unkawoneka wosangalatsa chifukwa, monga Brig. Stanislav Kozitsky - Akuluakulu aku Czech apereka chilolezo chopanga magalimoto ovomerezeka pamtsinje wa Vistula. Zambiri kuchokera pazokambirana zabwino zamalonda, kulengeza kwa kuyezetsa kwapakhomo kwa magalimoto ndi masiku okonzeratu operekera matanki oyambira sing'anga zidakhudzanso malingaliro. Vuto ndiloti tsiku lotsatira kutha kwa zokambiranazo, Wehrmacht adalowa ku Prague. General Kozicki adanena kuti chifukwa cha kusintha kwa zinthu, kupitiriza kukambirana kuyenera kutsogoleredwa ndi asilikali a ku Poland ku Berlin. Kulankhula mawu oterowo kwa mkulu wa asilikali a Border Guard kunali kusonyeza kulimba mtima kwakukulu kapena kusamvetsetsa mmene zinthu zilili panopa. Kuyesa kugula magalimoto a V8Hz kudzera ku kampani yaku Swiss A. Saurer kapena Swedish Landswerk kungamveke bwino. Magulu onsewa anali odziwika bwino kwa akuluakulu ankhondo aku Poland ndipo, chofunikira kwambiri, anali ndi ziphaso zoyenera, chifukwa chake mwayi wongopitilira zokambirana ndikukwaniritsa dongosolo la Poland.

M'malo mwake, akasinja okhawo omwe analipo anali French R35 kapena D2, ngakhale omaliza anali osakondwa kwambiri pakati pa asitikali aku Poland. Zitsimikizo zomwe zidalandilidwa m'chaka kuchokera kwa ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi nkhawa za kuthekera kopereka akasinja a Somua S35 m'magulu a magawo asanu pamwezi kapena akasinja a FCM 36 sanapeze kubweza pang'ono pakukambirana zovuta ndi asitikali aku Seine. Mtundu wa Chifalansa umatsitsimutsidwa mwachangu, kale pakati pa mwezi wa April, pamene magulu asanu ndi limodzi a matanki okwana pafupifupi 50-70 miliyoni zlotys, okwana magalimoto 300, akuwonekera kwambiri. Komabe, izi zikudikirirabe, popeza nkhani yopezera ngongole yatsopano ikubwera. Ndalama zomwe zidatsala kuchokera ku ngongole kupita ku Rambouillet zidalola kuti akasinja agule gulu limodzi lokha. M'mwezi wa Meyi, akasinja amakhala pamndandanda wazosowa zakum'mawa kwa Republic. Pa Meyi 26, ofesi ya kazembe waku Poland ku Paris idafunsa likulu la Warsaw kuti liwonetse mtundu wa thanki, R35 kapena H35, yomwe ili yosangalatsa kwambiri kwa Asitikali aku Poland komanso ngati zokambirana ziyenera kukambidwa ndi French pamitundu yonse iwiri yagalimoto yolondoledwa. Ndendende pakati pa mwezi wa June, Colonel Fida adatumizira telefoni ku Warsaw: General Gamelin adatsimikizira kuti ali wokonzeka kupereka gulu la akasinja a R35 ndi ma H35 angapo. Nditumiza lipoti ndi mthenga.

Patsiku lomwelo, Chief Army of Staff ndi 60th Undersecretary of Military Affairs, Brig. Mieczyslaw Maciejowski amalimbikitsa kugula gulu limodzi la akasinja, mwina amtundu umodzi (magalimoto awiri), ndi kutumiza mwachangu, zida zonse ndi katundu wogubuduzika. Chenjezo lokhalo ndikuthekera kogwirizanitsa mawayilesi aku France omwe amatumiza ndikulandila ma wayilesi aku Poland N2C ndi N1S. Chiyembekezo, chomwe chimadziwika kuyambira 1938, kuti chiperekedwe mwachangu kwa mitundu yonse iwiri yamagalimoto mdziko muno pambuyo pa gulu (mayunitsi 3) kuti ayambitse mayeso a maphunziro a m'munda ayambiranso.

Nthawi yomweyo, Mtsamunda Fida adadziwitsidwa za ulendo wina waku Poland wopita ku Paris, nthawi ino motsogozedwa ndi Colonel Eugeniusz Wyrwinski. Patatha mwezi umodzi, pa July 15, 1939, brig. Tadeusz Kossakowski akulamulidwa kuti atenge utsogoleri wa akatswiri ankhondo aku Poland omwe akugwira ntchito kale pa Seine, omwe cholinga chawo ndi kupeza zida zankhondo.

Lamulo latsopano la malangizo, lokonzedwa mu June ndi General Staff, limati: Mogwirizana ndi ngongole zakuthupi zomwe tapatsidwa mu ndalama za 430 miliyoni za euro. mwa mawonekedwe a kuchotsedwa kwa zida zankhondo ndi gulu lankhondo la ku France - ndikupempha ulendo wopita ku Paris ndi Commission (...) Ntchito ya Bambo General idzakhala yodziwa mwatsatanetsatane za kuthekera kwa zinthu ndi masiku ndi kulinganiza mitengo pokhudzana ndi dongosolo lotsatira la kufunikira kwa zida (...) General Staff kuvomereza akasinja a 300 omwe aperekedwa ndi French (monga Renault, Hotchkiss ndi gulu limodzi la Somois) mu mawonekedwe okonzekera mokwanira. nkhondo (ndi michira). Pafupifupi theka la ngongole yatsopanoyo, ndiye kuti, ma franc 210 miliyoni aku France, idayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogula akasinja ndi mathirakitala a zida. Pa nthawi yomweyi monga zizindikiro zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, gulu loyamba la akasinja a Renault R35 akupita ku Poland.

Pa nthaka ya ku Poland

Mawu a Brigadier General. Vaclav Stakhevich, ngakhale kuti anali wolondola m'njira zambiri, sanawonetsere kukayikira ndi kusiyana kwa malingaliro okhudza akasinja a R35 ndi zida zawo zomwe zinalipo pakati pa atsogoleri ankhondo apamwamba a ku Poland mu theka lachiwiri la 71.926. Chigamulo chogula makina omwe akufunsidwa ku France adayimitsidwa, ngakhale kuti mbali ina idathandizidwa ndi chikhumbo chovomerezeka chofuna kupeza zipangizo zamakono zomwe zingatheke pa ngongole. Pamapeto pake, pambuyo pa maulendo angapo ndi zokambirana ndi mbali ya ku France, mgwirizano woyenerera unasaina. Malingana ndi izo, akasinja anasankhidwa kuti agulitse. Mwamwayi, Polish Army analandira magalimoto atsopano, kuchokera kupanga panopa fakitale Boulogne-Billancourt (kulamula 503 D / P) kapena kuperekedwa kwa chuma 503 thanki Regiment (503 régiment de chars de Combat, 3 RCC). Ambiri mwa makinawa adatengedwa pakati pa Marichi 15 ndi Juni 1939 XNUMX.

Magalimoto onse otumizidwa ku Vistula anali ndi ma APX-R okhala ndi ma episcopate, ngakhale a French anali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi ma diascopes a PPL RX 160 okhala ndi mawonekedwe ochulukirapo kuposa zida zakale zowonera. Kuyambira pa Julayi 11 mpaka 12, 1937, gulu la akasinja opepuka a R35 ogulidwa ndi Poland, limodzi ndi "mchira" woyesera wamtundu wa H35, adakwezedwa m'sitima yapamadzi yaku Poland ya Levant, yochokera kwa mwini zombo Rzegluga Polska. . Tsiku lotsatira sitimayo inatumizidwa kudoko la Gdynia. Kutsitsa mwachangu kumayenera kukhala ndi zizindikiro zonse zakusintha, monga zikuwonetseredwa ndi chikalatacho "Mawu ofunikira pakutsitsa zida zonyamula zida. ndi galimoto ndi zida ku Gdynia kuchokera m'sitima "Levant" 15-17.VII.1939″ kuyambira July 27.

Mndandandawu umayamba ndi mlandu woti lamulo loti achoke ku Warsaw kukasonkhanitsa zoyendera padoko linaperekedwa mochedwa, lomwe linakonzedwa m'mawa wa 14 August, ndipo kutsitsa kumayenera kuyamba m'mamawa. tsiku lotsatira. Kulakwitsa kapena kuyang'anira komwe kudachitika koyambirira kudapangitsa kuti pakhale kuthamangitsidwa kwa zolembedwa zamagalimoto - mwachitsanzo, panalibe nthawi yodziwira mtengo wapaulendo wochokera ku PKP wokhudzana ndi zoyendera za quartermaster. Zinalinso zofunikira kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zimakumana nazo popeza kuchotsedwa ntchito ndikusankha magalimoto a njanji (mapulatifomu) chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zidachokera ku Dunkirk. Malo otsikira omwe sanasankhidwe molakwika omwe, chifukwa chosowa zida zokwanira, adakakamiza kugwiritsa ntchito ma cranes a sitima yapamadzi a Levant m'malo mwa ma crane omwe ali pamtunda wa pafupifupi 300m kuchokera pamalowo (omwe anali osagwira ntchito panthawi yonse yotsitsa), zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ndondomeko yonse. Ndiye panali kufunika kokankhira sitimayo, makamaka magalimoto onyamula zida (chifukwa cha chitetezo) chifukwa cha sitimayo yomwe inasonkhanitsidwa molakwika. Sipanapezeke zoyendera kwa amuna olembedwa m'kagulu ka asilikali apamadzi ku Oxowie, kapenanso galimoto imodzi yopita kwa komiti yoyang'anira ntchito imene inafunikira kugwirizana ndi magulu a kasitomu akunja. Kuti athetse vutoli, mabasi amtawuni ndi ma taxi adagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zidakulitsa kwambiri mtengo wotsitsa. Ndemanga zolembedwazo zikuwonetsanso kuti chitetezo sichinagwire ntchito bwino, kulola anthu akunja ambiri kulowa m'malo otsitsa kapena kuzindikiritsa mosafunikira ogwira nawo ntchito.

Pomaliza, kuchokera padoko magalimoto amafika ku Warsaw ndi njanji pa Julayi 19, ndipo pano zinthu ndizovuta kwambiri. Sizikudziwika bwinobwino ngati sitima yodutsa mu likulu la dzikoli inakathera ku Main Armored Depot ndipo, ngati ndi choncho, kodi akasinjawo anatsitsidwa kumeneko? Wolembayo amakonda kunena kuti izi sizinachitike, chifukwa kukweza / kutsitsa magalimoto atsopano kukadatenga nthawi yochulukirapo, ndipo tsiku lofika sitima ku Lutsk limadziwika - usiku wa July 21-22. Zingaganizidwe kuti zolemba zofunika zili mu malo osungirako zinthu ku St. Stalova 51 inatsekedwa kwa nthawi yochepa, magalimoto osankhidwa okha adachotsedwa m'sitimayo, kenako anatumizidwa ndi njanji ku Lutsk, yomwe ili pafupi ndi 400 km kum'mwera chakum'mawa. Pokhapokha pamene njira yoyendetsera kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kakhoza kuchitika, kuphatikizapo kulembetsa akasinja payekha ndi asilikali, kuwapatsa manambala olembetsa ku Poland, kupereka zikalata, ndi zina zotero. Nambala zachi French. , m'chilimwe. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti gawo lina la zombo zamagalimoto a battalion linafika pamodzi ndi akasinja, kuphatikizapo Laffly 35VR magalimoto opepuka amtundu uliwonse.