Malamba a mipando ndi zomangira malamba

Njira yodziwika bwino ya chitetezo cha galimoto ndi malamba. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake kumachepetsa mwayi ndi kuopsa kwa kuvulala chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwa ziwalo zolimba za thupi, galasi, ndi ena okwera (zomwe zimatchedwa zotsatira zachiwiri). Amangirira malamba akuonetsetsa kuti ma airbags akugwira ntchito bwino.

Mwa kuchuluka kwa malo olumikizira, mitundu yotsatirayi ya malamba amasiyanitsidwa: awiri, atatu, anayi, asanu ndi asanu ndi limodzi.

Malamba okhala ndi nsonga ziwiri (mkuyu 1) pakali pano amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati lamba wapakati pampando wakumbuyo wa magalimoto ena akale, komanso mipando yokwera ndege. Lamba wapampando wobwereranso ndi lamba wapampando yemwe amakulunga m'chiuno ndipo amamangiriridwa mbali zonse za mpando.

Malamba a mipando itatu (mkuyu 2) ndi mtundu waukulu wa malamba ndipo amaikidwa pa magalimoto onse amakono. Lamba wa 3-point diagonal m'chiuno ali ndi mawonekedwe a V omwe amagawira mofanana mphamvu ya thupi losuntha ku chifuwa, pelvis ndi mapewa. Volvo adayambitsa malamba amipando atatu opangidwa mochuluka mu 1959. Ganizirani za chipangizocho malamba amipando atatu ngati omwe amapezeka kwambiri.

Lamba wapampando wokhala ndi nsonga zitatu amakhala ndi ukonde, lamba ndi chomangira.

Lamba wapampando amapangidwa ndi zinthu zolimba ndipo amamangiriridwa ku thupi ndi zipangizo zapadera pazigawo zitatu: pa mzati, pakhomo ndi pa ndodo yapadera yokhala ndi loko. Kuti agwirizane ndi lamba kuti akhale kutalika kwa munthu wina, mapangidwe ambiri amapereka kusintha kutalika kwa malo omangirizidwa pamwamba.

Loko imateteza lamba wapampando ndipo imayikidwa pafupi ndi mpando wagalimoto. Lilime lachitsulo losunthika limapangidwa kuti lilumikizidwe ndi chingwe chomangira. Monga chikumbutso cha kufunikira kovala lamba wapampando, kapangidwe ka loko kumaphatikizapo chosinthira chophatikizidwa mudera la alamu ya AV. Chenjezo limapezeka ndi nyali yochenjeza pa dashboard ndi chizindikiro chomveka. Ma aligorivimu ogwiritsira ntchito dongosololi ali ndi kusiyana kwa opanga magalimoto osiyanasiyana.

The retractor amapereka mokakamizidwa unwinding ndi basi rewinding wa lamba mpando. Zimamangiriridwa ku thupi la galimoto. Chophimbacho chimakhala ndi makina otsekera osasunthika omwe amaletsa kuyenda kwa lamba pa reel pakachitika ngozi. Njira ziwiri zotsekera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: chifukwa cha kuyenda (inertia) ya galimoto komanso chifukwa cha kayendedwe ka lamba wokha. Tepiyo imatha kuchotsedwa pa ng'oma ya spool pang'onopang'ono, popanda kuthamanga.

Magalimoto amakono amakhala ndi malamba achitetezo.

Malamba amipando asanu (mkuyu 4) amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto amasewera komanso kuteteza ana pamipando yamagalimoto amwana. Zimaphatikizapo zomangira ziwiri m'chiuno, zingwe ziwiri pamapewa ndi mwendo umodzi.

Mpunga. 4. Chingwe cha mfundo zisanu

Chingwe chachitetezo cha 6-point chili ndi zingwe ziwiri pakati pa miyendo, zomwe zimapereka chitetezo chokwanira kwa wokwera.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa ndi malamba a mipando ya inflatable (mkuyu 5), omwe amadzazidwa ndi mpweya panthawi ya ngozi. Amachulukitsa malo omwe amalumikizana ndi wokwerayo ndipo, motero, amachepetsa katundu pa munthuyo. Gawo la inflatable likhoza kukhala gawo la mapewa kapena mapewa ndi chiuno. Mayesero akuwonetsa kuti kapangidwe ka lamba wakumpando uyu amapereka chitetezo chowonjezera chakumbali.

Mpunga. 5. Malamba ampando okwera

Ford amapereka njira iyi ku Ulaya kwa m'badwo wachinayi Ford Mondeo. Kwa okwera pamzere wakumbuyo, malamba amipando okwera amaikidwa. Dongosololi limapangidwa kuti lichepetse kuvulala kwamutu, khosi ndi pachifuwa pakachitika ngozi kwa okwera pamzere wakumbuyo, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ana ndi okalamba, omwe amakhala makamaka ndi kuvulala kwamtunduwu. Pogwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, malamba akupukutira akugwira ntchito mofanana ndi nthawi zonse ndipo amagwirizana ndi mipando ya ana.

Pakachitika ngozi, sensor yodabwitsa imatumiza chizindikiro ku gawo loyang'anira chitetezo, unit imatumiza chizindikiro kuti mutsegule valve yotseka ya silinda ya carbon dioxide yomwe ili pansi pa mpando, valavu imatsegula ndi mpweya umene unali. kale mu boma wothinikizidwa amadzaza mpando lamba khushoni. Lambayo amayendetsa mofulumira, kugawa mphamvu yogwira pamwamba pa thupi, yomwe imakhala yochuluka kasanu kuposa lamba wamba. Nthawi yotsegula ya zingwe ndi zosakwana 40ms.

Ndi Mercedes-Benz S-Class W222 yatsopano, kampaniyo ikukulitsa njira zake zotetezera okwera pampando wakumbuyo. Mpando wakumbuyo PRE-SAFE phukusi limaphatikiza pretensioners ndi airbag mu lamba mpando (Beltbag) ndi airbags pa mipando yakutsogolo. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zipangizozi pangozi kumachepetsa kuvulala kwa anthu ndi 30% poyerekeza ndi ndondomeko yachikhalidwe. Airbag lamba wapampando ndi lamba wapampando wokhoza kupumira ndipo potero amachepetsa chiopsezo cha kuvulala kwa okwera pakagundana chakutsogolo pochepetsa katundu pachifuwa. Mpando wotsamirayo uli ndi chikwama chokhazikika chokhala ndi chikwama cha airbag chobisika pansi pa upholstery wa mpando. . Mwanjira imeneyi, Mercedes-Benz yatha kupanga mpando wokhazikika wokhazikika womwe umapereka chitetezo chochulukirapo pakachitika ngozi kuposa mpando womwe kumbuyo kwake kumakhazikika ndikukulitsa khushoni yapampando.

Monga muyeso motsutsana ndi kusagwiritsa ntchito malamba a mipando, malamba odziyimira pawokha akhala akufuna kuyambira 1981 (mkuyu 6), omwe amateteza wokwerayo pamene chitseko chatsekedwa (injini yoyamba) ndikumumasula pamene chitseko chatsegulidwa (injini). yambani kusiya). Monga lamulo, kusuntha kwa lamba wamapewa kumayenda m'mphepete mwa chitseko kumangochitika zokha. Lamba amamangidwa ndi dzanja. Chifukwa cha zovuta za kapangidwe kake, zovuta zolowa m'galimoto, malamba odziyimira pawokha sagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mpunga. 6. Lamba wapampando wokhazikika

2. Zomangira lamba wapampando

Pa liwiro la, mwachitsanzo, 56 Km / h, zimatengera pafupifupi 150 ms kuchokera pa nthawi ya kugunda ndi chopinga chosasunthika kuyimitsa kwathunthu kwa galimoto. Dalaivala ndi wokwera mgalimoto alibe nthawi yochita chilichonse munthawi yochepa chotere, chifukwa chake ndi omwe atenga nawo mbali pazadzidzidzi. Panthawi imeneyi, zopangira lamba wapampando, ma airbags, ndi switch yakupha batire ziyenera kutsegulidwa.

Pa ngozi, malamba ayenera kuyamwa mphamvu yofanana ndi mphamvu ya munthu amene akugwa kuchokera pansanjika yachinayi ya nyumba yosanjayo. Chifukwa cha kumasuka kwa lamba wapampando, pretensioner (pretensioner) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kubwezera kumasula uku.

Chomangira lamba wapampando amachotsa lamba wapampando pakagundana. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa lamba wapampando (danga pakati pa lamba wapampando ndi thupi). Choncho, lamba wapampando amalepheretsa wokwera kupita patsogolo (pokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka galimoto) pasadakhale.

Magalimoto amagwiritsa ntchito lamba wapampando wokhala ndi diagonal komanso zopangira ma buckle. Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse iwiri kumakupatsani mwayi wokonza bwino wokwerayo, chifukwa pakadali pano dongosololi limakokera chingwe kumbuyo, ndikumangitsa nthambi za diagonal ndi ventral za lamba wapampando. M'zochita, ma tensioners amtundu woyamba amayikidwa makamaka.

Chomangira lamba wapampando chimathandizira kulimba komanso kumathandizira kuti lamba azitha kutsetsereka bwino. Izi zimatheka potumiza pretensioner lamba wapampando nthawi yomweyo. Kuyenda kwakukulu kwa dalaivala kapena wokwera kupita kutsogolo kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 1 cm, ndipo nthawi yamakina iyenera kukhala 5 ms (mtengo wapamwamba 12 ms). The tensioner amaonetsetsa kuti gawo lamba (mpaka 130 mm kutalika) limamangidwa pafupifupi 13 ms.

Ambiri ndi makina mpando mpando pretensioners (mkuyu 7).

Mpunga. 7. Makina opangira lamba wapampando: 1 - lamba wapampando; 2 - gudumu la ratchet; 3 - olamulira a inertial koyilo; 4 - latch (malo otsekedwa); 5 - chipangizo cha pendulum

Kuphatikiza pazovuta zamakina zamakina, opanga ambiri tsopano akupanga magalimoto okhala ndi pyrotechnic tensioners (Chithunzi 8).

Mpunga. 8. Pyrotechnic tensioner: 1 - lamba wapampando; 2 - pisitoni; 3 - pyrotechnic cartridge

Amayatsidwa pamene makina opangidwa ndi makina amazindikira kuti njira yochepetsera yomwe idakonzedweratu yadutsa, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuyamba kwa kugunda. Izi zimayatsa detonator ya cartridge ya pyrotechnic. Pamene katiriji ikuphulika, mpweya umatulutsidwa, kupanikizika komwe kumagwira ntchito pa pisitoni yolumikizidwa ndi lamba wapampando. Pistoni imayenda mwachangu ndikumangitsa lamba. Kawirikawiri, nthawi yoyankhira chipangizocho sichidutsa 25 ms kuyambira pachiyambi cha kutulutsa.

Pofuna kupewa kudzaza pachifuwa, malambawa amakhala ndi zoletsa zolimbitsa thupi zomwe zimagwira ntchito motere: choyamba, katundu wololeza wokwanira amafika, pambuyo pake chipangizo chamakina chimalola wokwerayo kuyenda mtunda wina kupita patsogolo, kusunga mulingo wachakudyacho nthawi zonse.

Malinga ndi kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito, mitundu yotsatirayi ya lamba wapampando imasiyanitsidwa:

• chingwe chokhala ndi makina oyendetsa;
• mpira;
• kutembenuka;
• alumali;
• zosinthika.

2.1. Chingwe cholumikizira lamba wapampando

Mpando lamba tensioner 8 ndi basi lamba mpando reel 14 ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu za tensioner chingwe (mkuyu. 9). Dongosololi limakhazikika pa chubu choteteza 3 pachivundikirocho, mofanana ndi pendulum yowongoka. Chingwe chachitsulo 1 chimakhazikitsidwa pa pistoni 17. Chingwecho chimavulazidwa ndikuyikidwa pa chubu chotetezera pa drum 18 kwa chingwe.

Tension module imakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• masensa mu mawonekedwe a "Spring-mass" dongosolo;
• jenereta ya gasi 4 yokhala ndi pyrotechnic propellant charge;
• pisitoni 1 ndi chingwe chachitsulo mu chubu.

Ngati kutsika kwa galimoto panthawi yagundana kumadutsa mtengo wina, ndiye kuti kasupe ka 7 kasupe amayamba kuponderezedwa ndi mphamvu ya misala. Sensa imakhala ndi chithandizo 6, jenereta ya gasi 4 yokhala ndi pyrotechnic charges yomwe imatulutsidwa ndi iyo, kasupe wodabwitsa 5, pistoni 1 ndi chubu 2.

Mpunga. 9. Cable tensioner: a - poyatsira; b - voteji; 1, 16 - pisitoni; 2 - chubu; 3 - chubu choteteza; 4 - jenereta gasi; 5, 15 - kasupe wodabwitsa; 6 - sensor bracket; 7 - kasupe wa sensa; 8 - lamba; 9 - kugwedeza mbale ndi pini yowopsya; 10, 14 - njira yokhotakhota lamba wapampando; 11 - sensor bolt; 12 - mphete ya giya ya shaft; 13 - gawo la mano; 17 - chingwe chachitsulo; 18 - drum

Ngati chithandizo 6 chasuntha mtunda waukulu kuposa momwe zimakhalira, jenereta ya gasi 4, yomwe imasungidwa ndi bawuti 11, imatulutsidwa molunjika. Kupsinjika kwamphamvu kasupe 15 kumakankhira ku pini yamphamvu mu mbale yamphamvu. Pamene jenereta mpweya kugunda impactor, jenereta gasi zoyandama mlandu amayatsa (mkuyu 9, a).

Panthawiyi, mpweya umalowetsedwa mu chubu 2 ndikusuntha pisitoni 1 ndi chingwe chachitsulo 17 pansi (mkuyu 9, b). Pakusuntha koyamba kwa bala la chingwe mozungulira clutch, gawo la mano 13 limayenda mozungulira kunja kuchokera ku ng'oma pansi pa mphamvu yothamangitsira ndikulumikizana ndi m'mphepete mwa mano a shaft 12 ya lamba waku mpando 14.

2.2. Wothandizira lamba wa mpira

Amakhala ndi gawo lophatikizika lomwe, kuwonjezera pa kuzindikira lamba, limaphatikizanso malire oletsa lamba (mkuyu 10). Makina actuation amangochitika pamene lamba wapampando buckle sensor imazindikira kuti lamba wapampando wamangidwa.

Mpira wa pretensioner umayendetsedwa ndi mipira yomwe imayikidwa mu chubu 9. Pakachitika kugundana, gawo loyendetsa thumba la airbag limayatsa mtengo wotulutsa 7 (mkuyu 10, b). M'matensioner lamba wapampando wamagetsi, kutsegula kwa makina oyendetsa galimoto kumachitika ndi unit control unit.

Mlandu wotulutsidwa ukayatsidwa, mipweya yomwe ikukulirakulira imayendetsa mipira ndikuwatsogolera kudzera mu zida 11 kupita mu baluni 12 kuti atenge mipira.

Mpunga. 10. Mpira tensioner: a - general view; b - moto; c - mphamvu; 1, 11 - zida; 2, 12 - baluni ya mipira; 3 - makina oyendetsa (makina kapena magetsi); 4, 7 - pyrotechnic propellant charge; 5, 8 - lamba wapampando; 6, 9 - chubu ndi mipira; 10 - lamba wakutsogolo

Popeza lamba wapampando reel ndi rigidly chikugwirizana ndi sprocket, izo atembenuza ndi mipira, ndi retracts lamba (mkuyu. 10, c).

2.3. Wothandizira lamba wa Rotary

Zimagwira ntchito pa mfundo ya rotor. The tensioner imakhala ndi rotor 2, detonator 1, makina oyendetsa 3 (mkuyu 11, a)

Detonator yoyamba imayendetsedwa ndi makina opangira magetsi kapena magetsi, pamene mpweya wowonjezereka umazungulira rotor (Mkuyu 11, b). Popeza rotor imalumikizidwa ndi shaft lamba, lamba wapampando amayamba kubweza. Ikafika pamtunda wina wozungulira, rotor imatsegula njira yodutsa 7 ku cartridge yachiwiri. Pansi pa kukakamizidwa kugwira ntchito mu chipinda No. 1, cartridge yachiwiri imayaka, chifukwa chomwe rotor ikupitirizabe kusinthasintha (mkuyu 11, c). Mpweya wotuluka kuchokera kuchipinda nambala 1 kutuluka kudzera panjira 8.

Mpunga. 11. Rotary tensioner: a - general view; b - zochita za detonator woyamba; c - zochita za detonator yachiwiri; g - zochita za firecracker yachitatu; 1 - mchere; 2 - rotor; 3 - kuyendetsa galimoto; 4 - lamba; 5, 8 - njira yotulutsa; 6 - ntchito ya nyambo yoyamba; 7, 9, 10 - njira zodutsa; 11 - kuyambitsa kwa detonator yachiwiri; 12 - chipinda No. 1; 13 - ntchito ya nyambo yachitatu; 14 - kamera nambala 2

Pamene njira yachiwiri yodutsa 9 ikufika, cartridge yachitatu imayatsidwa pansi pa mphamvu ya ntchito mu chipinda No. 2 (mkuyu 11, d). Rotor imapitilirabe kusinthasintha ndipo mpweya wotulutsa kuchokera kuchipinda No. 2 umatuluka kudzera pachikuto cha 5.

2.4. Lamba tensioner

Kuti musunthire bwino mphamvu ku lamba, zida zosiyanasiyana za rack ndi pinion zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito (mkuyu 12).

Rack tensioner imagwira ntchito motere. Pa chizindikiro cha airbag control unit, mtengo wa detonator umayaka. Pansi pa kukakamizidwa kwa mpweya wotuluka, pisitoni yokhala ndi rack 8 imasunthira mmwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti giya 3 ikhale yozungulira, yomwe imagwira nayo. Kuzungulira kwa zida za 3 kumatumizidwa ku magiya 2 ndi 4. Gear 2 imagwirizanitsidwa mwamphamvu ndi mphete yakunja 7 ya clutch yodutsa, yomwe imatumiza torque ku torsion shaft 6. Pamene mphete 7 ikuzungulira, odzigudubuza 5 a clutch ali. kutsekeka pakati pa clutch ndi shaft ya torsion. Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa shaft ya torsion, lamba wapampando amamangika. Kuthamanga kwa lamba kumatulutsidwa pamene pisitoni ifika pa damper.

Mpunga. 12. Mpando lamba tensioner: a - poyambira malo; b - kutha kwa lamba lamba; 1 - kutulutsa mpweya; 2, 3, 4 - magiya; 5 - wodzigudubuza; 6 - olamulira a torsion; 7 - mphete yakunja ya clutch overrunning; 8 - pisitoni yokhala ndi choyikapo; 9 - chowombera moto

2.5 cholumikizira lamba chosinthika

Mu machitidwe ovuta kwambiri otetezedwa, kuphatikizapo pyrotechnic seat belt pretensioners, reversible lamba pretensioner (Fig. 13) ndi unit control unit ndi adaptive seat belt force limiter (switchable).

Lamba wapampando uliwonse wosinthika umayendetsedwa ndi gawo lowongolera. Kutengera ndi malamulo a mabasi a data, lamba wowongolera lamba wapampando amayendetsa ma motors olumikizidwa.

Ma tensioners osinthika amakhala ndi magawo atatu a actuation mphamvu:

1. khama lochepa - kusankha lamba wokhazikika;
2. mphamvu yapakati - kupsinjika pang'ono;
3. mkulu mphamvu - zonse mavuto.

Ngati airbag control unit iwona kugundana kwakung'ono kutsogolo komwe sikufuna pyrotechnic pretensioner, imatumiza chizindikiro ku mayunitsi owongolera. Amalamula malamba kuti amangidwe mokwanira ndi ma mota oyendetsa.

Mpunga. 13. Lamba wokhala ndi pretensioner wosinthika: 1 - zida; 2 - mbedza; 3 - kutsogolera galimoto

Mphepete mwa injini (yosasonyezedwa mkuyu. 13), ikuzungulira kupyolera mu giya, imatembenuza diski yoyendetsedwa yolumikizidwa ndi shaft lamba wapampando ndi mbedza ziwiri zobweza. Lamba wapampando amakulunga mozungulira ekseli ndikumangitsa.

Ngati shaft ya mota sizungulira kapena kuzungulira pang'ono mbali ina, mbedza zimatha kupindika ndikumasula lamba wapampando.

The switchable seat lamba force limiter imayatsidwa pambuyo poti ma pyrotechnic pretensioners atumizidwa. Pachifukwa ichi, makina otsekera amatchinga mzere wa lamba, kulepheretsa lamba kuti lisatuluke chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa matupi a okwera ndi oyendetsa.