Lamba wanthawi - ndi chiyani ndipo chifukwa chiyani

Mu bukhu la malangizo a galimoto iliyonse, wopanga amasonyeza nthawi yokonzekera kukonza galimoto. Kuphatikiza pakusintha zamadzimadzi zaukadaulo ndi zina zowonjezera, mwini galimoto aliyense ayenera kulabadira zakusintha komwe lamba wanthawi yake akukonza.

Ganizirani za ntchito yomwe lamba wa nthawi imagwira mgalimoto, ikafunika kusinthidwa, zomwe zimachitika ikasweka komanso momwe mungasankhire chinthuchi moyenera.

N'chifukwa chiyani m'galimoto muli lamba wa nthawi?

Injini yoyatsira yamkati yomwe imagwira ntchito mumayendedwe anayi imakhala ndi makina ofunikira kwambiri omwe amatsegula ma valve olowera ndi kutulutsa nthawi yoyenera. Iwo ali ndi udindo wopereka gawo latsopano la kusakaniza kwa mpweya-mafuta ndi kuchotsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya.

Kuti ma valve atseguke panthawi yomwe pisitoni ya silinda inayake ikuchita kulowetsedwa ndi kutulutsa mpweya, kugwirizanitsa camshaft ndi crankshaft kumafunika. Izi zidzalola kuti ma valve azitsegula nthawi zonse panthawi yoyenera, mosasamala kanthu za liwiro la crankshaft.

Kuti mulunzanitse kuzungulira kwa crankshaft ndi camshafts, muyenera nthawi yamba. Popanda makina ogawa gasi, injini ya sitiroko inayi siigwira ntchito, chifukwa ma cylinders sangathe kudzaza nthawi yake yokwanira yosakaniza mafuta a mpweya, ndipo mpweya wotulutsa mpweya sudzachotsedwa panthawi yake.

Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa lamba wanthawi, makokedwe amaperekedwa kuchokera ku crankshaft kupita ku camshaft, mpope ndipo, malinga ndi kapangidwe ka injini, kupita kuzinthu zina (mwachitsanzo, jenereta).

Momwe mungadziwire nthawi yosintha lamba

Popeza mphamvu yamakina imafalikira kudzera pa lamba wanthawi, ndipo liwiro la crankshaft nthawi zambiri limakhala lalitali, chinthu chamotochi chimatha pakapita nthawi. Posakhalitsa, mwini galimoto aliyense adzayang'anizana ndi kufunika kosintha lamba wa nthawi.

Kutalika kwa njirayi kumatengera zinthu izi:

• Zida zogwirira ntchito;
• Kuphwanya malamulo a kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza;
• Kuwonongeka kwa injini;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kwa galimotoyo, mwachitsanzo, ngati nthawi zambiri mumayamba injini kuchokera ku pusher kapena kukoka ndikulakwitsa munjira iyi.

Nthawi zambiri, lamba m'malo patapita nthawi kapena ngati pali malfunctions wa unit mphamvu. 

Digiri ya kuvala

Chiwalo chilichonse chomwe chili ndi mphamvu zamakina chimatha ndipo chimayenera kusinthidwa. Zomwezo zimapitanso lamba wanthawi. Kuvala kwake kokha kumachulukitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa galimoto kapena kuyendetsa molakwika kwa galimotoyo.

Ngati tilankhula za kuwonongeka kwa injini, ndiye kuti mphero ya zitsulo zomangika, kuphwanya mlingo wa kupanikizika (lamba wotsekedwa udzagwedezeka, ndipo wolemera kwambiri adzalandira katundu wochuluka) ndi zina.

Nthawi zina dalaivala mwiniyo amatha kuchititsa kuti lamba awonongeke msanga. Monga tanenera kale, ngati galimoto sichiyamba yokha, madalaivala ena sayesa kuthetsa vutoli mofulumira, koma pitirizani kuzunza galimotoyo poyambira pa pusher kapena kukoka. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi kutulutsa mwachangu kapena batire yofooka.

Makilomita agalimoto

Pofuna kupewa kutha kwa lamba wanthawi, opanga magalimoto amawonetsa nthawi yomwe ndikofunikira kusintha chinthu ichi, ngakhale chikuwoneka bwino kunja. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa microcracks, gawolo lidzatha mofulumira.

Ngati dalaivala amanyalanyaza ndondomeko yosinthira lamba yomwe imayikidwa ndi wopanga, ndiye kuti panthawi yosayenerera adzayang'anizana ndi kufunikira kosintha njira yogawa gasi chifukwa cha lamba wosweka. Zikafika poipa kwambiri, mwiniwake wa galimotoyo adzayenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama pakukonzanso kwakukulu kwa injini (mitundu ina ya pistoni imagunda ma valve pamene lamba akusweka, chifukwa chakuti zigawozi zimakhala zosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo galimoto iyenera kusanjidwa).

Kutengera mtundu wa mota, lamba wanthawiyo amakhala ndi moyo wake wogwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, zopangidwa monga Audi, Renault, Honda kukhazikitsa ndondomeko lamba aliyense makilomita 120 zikwi. Kwa BMW, Volkswagen, Nissan, Mazda, nthawiyi yakhazikitsidwa pafupifupi 95, ndipo Hyundai imalimbikitsa kusintha lamba pambuyo pa 75 km. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa kusinthidwa motsatira malingaliro a wopanga, osati ndi zomwe woyendetsa galimoto wochokera ku garaja yoyandikana nayo akulangiza.

Chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati lamba wathyoka

M'magawo ambiri amagetsi, ma pistoni amakhala ndi zotsalira zapadera. Ngati lamba wanthawiyo athyoka mu injini zotere, sipadzakhala zovuta zowonongeka, kupatulapo kufunikira kosintha nthawi ya valve. Popeza ma valve mu injini ayenera kutsegulidwa panthawi yoyenera, lamba wosweka nthawi zonse amatsogolera kuima kwathunthu kwa galimotoyo.

Popeza ma pistoni osawoneka bwino amachepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi, opanga ena amayika ma pistoni. Mu injini zotere, kupuma kwa lamba wa nthawi kumatsogolera ku msonkhano wa pistoni ndi ma valve.

Zotsatira zake, ma valve amapindika, ndipo nthawi zina ma pistoni amawonongeka kwambiri. Ngakhale zochepa kwambiri ndizochitika zomwe kupumula kwa lamba woyendetsa kumabweretsa kusweka kwa camshaft pastel kapena kuwonongeka kwa chipika cha silinda.

Pofuna kupewa mavuto amenewa, dalaivala aliyense ayenera kulabadira zizindikiro zotsatirazi kusonyeza kufunika m'malo lamba:

1. Kupanga ming'alu ndi zizindikiro za kuvala lamba. Ngati chinthu ichi chikutetezedwa ndi casing (m'magalimoto ambiri ndi), ndiye kuti nthawi ndi nthawi m'pofunika kuchotsa kuti muyang'ane mawonekedwe a gawolo.
2. Zothandizira. Ngakhale galimotoyo sinamalize mtunda wotchulidwa m’buku la eni ake, lambayo angafunikirebe kusinthidwa ngati palibe zizindikiro zooneka kuti zatha. Lamba amapangidwa ndi mphira, ndipo nkhaniyi ili ndi alumali yake, makamaka pansi pa zovuta zamakina. Choncho, pambuyo pa zaka 7-8 za ntchito, ndi bwino kusintha lamba popanda kuyembekezera kuti lithe.
3. Kusakhazikika kwagalimoto. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha kutsetsereka kwa lamba pa shaft pulley. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi ya valve imasokonezeka, ndipo kuyatsa sikungachitike molondola. Injini ikhoza kuyamba bwino, troit, ikhoza kugwedezeka. Ndi mano angapo akutsetsereka, ma valve ndi ma pistoni amatha kuwonongeka ngati akumana pamene injini ikuyenda.
4. Utsi wochuluka kuchokera ku chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya. Izi sizichitika nthawi zonse chifukwa cha kulephera kwa njira yogawa gasi, koma ngati nthawi ya valve isuntha, ndiye kuti kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya kumatha kuwotcha bwino. Ngati chothandizira chimayikidwa m'galimoto, chidzalephera mwamsanga chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumachitika pamene mafuta osapsa amawotcha muzitsulo zotayira.
5. Zomveka zowonjezera. Dalaivala akamamva kudina kolimba komwe kumakhala kozungulira m'chilengedwe ndikuwonjezeka ndi liwiro lochulukirapo, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kuti muwone ngati lamba wayamba kugwa. Chifukwa cha kumveka kotereku ndi chipinda cha injini chikhoza kukhala chonyamula pampu yamadzi kapena jenereta.
6. Mafuta a lamba. Mphira umawonongeka msanga ukakumana ndi mafuta amafuta. Pachifukwa ichi, ngati mafuta akupezeka pa lamba, m'pofunika kuthetsa kutayikira kwa mafuta ndikuonetsetsa kuti musinthe lamba.
7. Poyambitsa injini, choyambitsa chimagwira ntchito, koma injiniyo siigwira ngakhale "kugwira". Mwinamwake, ichi ndi chizindikiro cha lamba wosweka.

Momwe mungasankhire ndikusintha lamba

Popeza kugwira ntchito mokhazikika kwa injini kumadalira mtundu wa lamba woyendetsa, tikulimbikitsidwa kugula mtundu woyambirira. Ngakhale zida zosinthira zoterezi ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa ma analogues ochokera kwa opanga ena, mukamagwiritsa ntchito choyambirira, mutha kukhala otsimikiza za kudalirika kwa gawolo, komanso kuti lidzagwira ntchito nthawi yake (ngati zinthu sizikuphwanyidwa).

Ngati nambala ya lamba ya injini inayake siidziwika, ndiye kuti kusaka kutha kuchitidwa ndi nambala ya VIN. Ndi zizindikiro ndi manambala mu nambala iyi limasonyeza mtundu wa injini, tsiku kupanga galimoto, ndi zina zotero. Timakonda mtundu wa injini, osati chitsanzo cha galimotoyo. Chifukwa chake ndikuti m'zaka zosiyanasiyana zopanga komanso m'miyezo yosiyana siyana, mtundu womwewo wagalimoto ukhoza kukhala ndi ma mota osiyanasiyana, omwe malamba awo amatengera nthawi.

Kwa oyendetsa galimoto ena, zimakhala zovuta kupeza gawo loyenera paokha. Pankhaniyi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito thandizo la wogulitsa mu sitolo ya zida zamagalimoto. Chinthu chachikulu ndikumuuza tsiku la kupanga, chitsanzo ndi mtundu wa galimoto yanu, ndipo ngati n'kotheka, mtundu wa injini.

Posankha lamba nokha, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti gawo latsopanolo likukwaniritsa zofunikira zaumisiri (zili ndi kutalika kwake, m'lifupi, chiwerengero cha mano, mawonekedwe awo ndi phula). Kusintha lamba kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi akatswiri. Pankhaniyi, zidzatheka kupewa zolakwika pakuyika lamba ndipo zidzatumikira nthawi yonse yomwe wapatsidwa.