Camshaft - kapangidwe. Kodi makamera a camshaft amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Ma Camshafts amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto amafuta anayi kapena dizilo. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikuwongolera nthawi yokweza ndi kutsegula kwa ma valve olowera ndi kulowa. Ntchitoyi imafuna kulondola kosaneneka ndipo ikuwonekera pakuchita bwino kwa unityo komanso momwe imagwirira ntchito moyenera. Choyamba, tiwona momwe ma camshaft amapangidwira.

Camshaft design

Mukayang'ana kuchokera pamwamba, camshaft imafanana ndi chitsulo chozungulira chokhala ndi ziwonetsero zooneka. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi giya yakunja ndi yayikulu komanso yaying'ono yamkati. Kuphatikiza apo, camshaft iliyonse imakhala ndi zikhomo zomwe zothandizira zimayikidwa. Camshaft imatha kuyendetsa ma valve onse olowera ndi kutulutsa, ndipo magalimoto okhala ndi mitu ya silinda ya 4 kapena 5 amatha kukhala ndi ma camshaft awiri akuyendetsa mtundu umodzi wokha wa valve.

Camshafts - amapangidwa ndi chiyani?

Mphamvu zomwe zimagwira pazigawozi zimatsimikizira kupanga zinthu zolimba kwambiri komanso zolimba. Ma Camshaft amapangidwa koyamba kuchokera ku aloyi otsika ndi chitsulo cha kaboni, kenako mawonekedwe awo amakhala opangidwa ndi carburized ndi owumitsidwa. Izi zimathandiza kupewa kuvala mofulumira kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu panthawi ya ntchito. Njira ina ndiyo kujambula chodzigudubuza m'njira yozizira. Pambuyo pa njirayi, makamera amapanikizidwa pamakina atatha kuumitsa malo ogwirira ntchito a shaft.

Camshaft cam design

Malo ndi mbiri ya camshaft lobes ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa dongosolo lonse la mphamvu. Amafanana motsatira nthawi ndi nthawi yotsegula ndi kutseka ma valve. Mawonekedwe awo amadalira makamaka chikhalidwe cha gawo lopatsidwa. Mitundu itatu yamakamera imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:

• tangential;
• ma harmonics;
• zopangidwa.

Amakhudza mwachindunji kudzazidwa ndi kutulutsa mpweya wa chipinda choyaka moto. 

Kodi izi zimachitika bwanji?

Makamera a Camshaft - ntchito yawo ndi chiyani?

Mukayang'ana makamera a camshaft, mudzawona kuti ziribe kanthu kuti ndi amtundu wanji, iliyonse imamangidwa mofanana. Kumbali imodzi, ili ndi mawonekedwe otsika komanso otseguka, kumbali ina, mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri komanso akugwa mofulumira, omwe amatchedwa mphuno. Ma lobes a camshaft amaperekedwa mu millimeters ndipo nthawi zina mfundo zake zimakhala zofanana ndi kukweza kwa valve.

Kodi nthawi yotsegula valve ndi chiyani?

Inde, izi sizinatchulidwe mu mayunitsi a nthawi. Zimaperekedwa potengera mbali ya kuzungulira kwa crankshaft. Mwachidule, ndondomeko yonseyi imaphatikizapo kusuntha valavu kuchokera pamalo ake opumira kuti mudzaze chipinda choyaka moto ndi kusakaniza koyenera kwa mpweya. Mfundo ziwiri zakhala zotsimikizika pakadali pano - TDC ndi BDC (pakatikati ndi pansi pa pisitoni).

Ma injini a sitiroko anayi ali ndi mikombero inayi yogwira ntchito:

• kuyamwa;
• kukanikiza;
• ntchito;
• kutopa.

Pa nthawi ya ntchito crankshaft amapanga matembenuzidwe awiri athunthu. Panthawiyi, camshaft iyenera kutsegula ma valve olowetsa, kutseka, kutsegula ma valve otulutsa mpweya ndi kutseka. Pambuyo pa njirayi, kuzungulira konseko kumayambiranso. Kupweteka kwapang'onopang'ono kumaphatikizapo kuyambitsa mpweya woponderezedwa kuchokera pakumwa kudzera mu mavavu olowera. Tsoka ilo, makina a gasi samawalola kudzaza chipinda choyaka mwachangu, kotero ma lobes a camshaft omwe ali ndi ma valve olowetsa ayenera kuwatsegula pisitoni isanafike ku TDC. Nthawi yotsegulira valavu kuti ifike pamenepa imaphatikizapo kusinthasintha kozungulira kwa crankshaft.

Ndizofanana ndi DMP. Mipweya sangatuluke atangofika pamalowa, kotero valavu yotulutsa mpweya iyenera kukhala yotseguka kwa nthawi pisitoni itadutsa BDC. Kukumbukira kuti pa mtunda wapakati pa TDC ndi BDC crankshaft imazungulira madigiri 180, mutha kuwonjezera zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa ndikupeza nthawi yotsegulira valavu. Kutengera mtundu wa mota ndi shaft, umaposa 250^o kuzungulira kwa shaft.

Kodi zazikulu nthawi zonse zimakhala bwino pankhani ya camshafts?

Cholinga cha kuwongolera valavu ndikukakamiza kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya m'chipinda choyaka ndikuchotsa mpweya panthawi yotulutsa mpweya. Zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi mphamvu zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi injini yopatsidwa, chifukwa kusakaniza kochuluka kuli mu chipinda choyaka moto, mphamvu zambiri zimatha kupanga. Anthu ena amaona kuti ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa makamera amasewera kapena kubwereka kugalimoto ina yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Kodi chimayambitsa chiyani? 

Nthawi yokweza ma valve ndi yayitali, yomwe imalola kuti silinda idzaze ndi kusakaniza kochuluka. Nthawi yomweyo, imayenda mtunda wautali chifukwa kutalika kwa lobe ya cam ndikokulirapo. Pachifukwa ichi, valavu imabwerera kumalo ake oyambirira mu nthawi yaifupi komanso mofulumira kwambiri. Izi zimakhala ndi zotsatira zofananira pakupanga ma g-mphamvu ndi kutentha.

Ngati valavu ili ndi kukhudzana kwapampando kwakufupi, sikudzakhala ndi nthawi yowononga kutentha kwakukulu. Zotsatira zake, kutenthedwa kwa valve, kutayikira ndi kutayika kwa kuponderezana kumatha kuchitika. Ndipo izi ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa ndiye muyenera kuwerengera mutu wathunthu. Mapangidwe a camshaft angakhudzenso nthawi ya ma valve, kuwapangitsa kukumana ndi pistoni, zomwe zidzawonongenso msonkhano.

Kodi kamera yamasewera imakupatsirani mphamvu?

Ndithudi inde. Komabe, izi sizothandiza nthawi zonse mphamvu. Chifukwa chiyani? Kusinthana kwa gasi ndikutsegula munthawi yomweyo mavavu onse awiri (monga momwe zimakhalira masewera olimbitsa thupi) kumathandizira kwambiri magwiridwe antchito, komanso kumawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mlingo wonse wa petulo si kuwotchedwa, amene pamodzi ndi mpweya utsi, kuyamwa mu utsi.

Zofunikanso, masewera kapena ma rally camshafts amapangitsa injini kukhala yovuta kuchita komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu pansi pa makamera. Ndipo izi ndizotopetsa kwambiri pakuyendetsa tsiku ndi tsiku. Mayankho amtundu uwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu motorsports, chifukwa kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu nthawi zambiri kumawonekera pa ma revs apamwamba.

Ngati mwaganiza kusintha camshafts kuwonjezera mphamvu ya unit, musaiwale kulimbikitsa mbali zina za injini. 

Camshaft ndi crankshaft

Kodi ma camshaft ndi ma crankshaft amafanana bwanji? Zambiri, chifukwa imayenera kutumiza torque yopangidwa ku gearbox. Choncho, yang'anani mkati mwa makapu kuti muwone momwe alili ndipo musawatembenuze. Zingakhalenso zothandiza kusintha ma pistoni ndi ma valve kukhala amphamvu. Inde, mukhoza kuganiza za kusintha ma shafts okha, koma patapita nthawi zikhoza kukhala kuti injiniyo ndi yoyenera kukonzanso.

Zifukwa za kuvala kwa camshaft

Zonse zimayamba ndi pafupifupi ntchito ya prosaic, yomwe ndi nthawi yamafuta. Chifukwa chiyani? Kulumikizana kwachitsulo ndi chitsulo komwe kumachitika pamutu wa silinda pakati pa ma valve ndi ma lobes a camshaft kumayambitsa kukangana. Mafuta osawoneka bwino kapena owonongeka amatha kupangitsa kuti macam azitha kuvala mwachangu. Kodi kukonza izo? Nawa malangizo: 

1. choyamba, sankhani mafuta oyenera malinga ndi malangizo a wopanga ndikusintha nthawi zonse;
2. sankhaninso zosefera zabwino kwambiri kuti mupewe zowononga kuti zisamayende mozungulira.

Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chake chimakhala mwa womanga. Komabe, zimachitika kuti mlengi sangathe kudziwiratu zonse, ndipo, mwachitsanzo, mu Honda Accord VIII, tsinde lofooka kwambiri la utsi linakhazikitsidwa. Mitundu ya Mazda SkyActiv-D yomwe idapangidwa 2014 isanakwane idakumananso ndi zovuta. Ma Camshafts adalephera mu injini za 1.6 HDI ndi 2.2 kuchokera ku gulu la PSA. Komabe, milandu yotereyi ndi yochepa poyerekeza ndi kusasamala kwa ntchito.

Momwe mungayang'anire kuvala kwa camshaft?

Mudzamva kuvala pa camshafts mutatha kugwa kwa mphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, mayunitsi a dizilo adzakhala ndi vuto ndi utsi pamtunda wapamwamba wa rev. Kuti potsirizira pake atsimikizire kapena kuchotsa mtundu uwu wa kuwonongeka, chophimba cha valve chiyenera kuchotsedwa. Izi zidzachotsa kukayikira kwanu konse. Mutha kuyang'ananso kapu yodzaza mafuta, koma osati mumagalimoto aliwonse omwe muwona chilichonse.

Camshafts - mtengo

Pali magalimoto omwe mungagule camshaft kwa ma euro 10 okha, ndithudi, tikukamba za ogwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, izi ndi mtengo wa ma zloty mazana angapo, kapena kupitilira chikwi. Tikukamba za gawo limodzi ndi buku latsopano. Ndicho chifukwa chake anthu ena amasankha kusinthika. 

Camshaft regeneration - ndi chiyani ndipo ndindalama zingati? 

Zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowonekera, i.e. kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zowonjezera ku makamera. Izi zikuwonjezeredwa kukonza ndikupereka mphamvu zoyenera. Pamtengo wokonzanso camshaft, muyenera kuwonjezera mtengo wokonza mutu, m'malo mwa zisindikizo, komanso nthawi zambiri ma valve. Chifukwa chake, ndalamazo zitha kupitilira ma euro 150.

Chinsinsi chopulumutsa ndalama pankhaniyi ndikusintha mafuta pafupipafupi komanso kusankha zosefera zoyenera. Kumbukiraninso zotsatira za kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu mwa kusintha ma camshafts. Ngati mumasamalira bwino injini yanu, idzakubwezerani ntchito yayitali komanso yopanda mavuto. Tikukufunirani njira yotakata!