Kodi R134 ndi chinthu chakale? Ndi gasi wanji woti musankhe chowongolera mpweya wagalimoto? Mitengo yamafiriji ndi yotani?

The galimoto mpweya woziziritsa ndi chimodzi mwa zopeka kuti wabweretsa ubwino zambiri pankhani galimoto chitonthozo. Madalaivala ambiri saganiziranso kuyendetsa galimoto popanda chipangizochi. Ntchito yake imachokera pa kukhalapo kwa chinthu chomwe chimasintha kutentha kwa mpweya woperekedwa. M'mbuyomu, inali firiji ya r134a. Kodi refrigerant ya air conditioner yamagalimoto yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano ndi yotani?

Air conditioner refrigerant - chifukwa chiyani ikufunika?

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito makina oziziritsa mpweya m'galimoto ndi yosavuta. Mothandizidwa ndi compressor, condenser, dryer, expander ndi evaporator, gasi mkati mwake amapanikizidwa ndikutulutsidwa. Chifukwa cha izi, zimayambitsa kusintha kwa kutentha kwa mpweya wolowa m'chipinda chokwera. Ndizomveka kuti refrigerant ya air conditioner ndiyofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa dongosolo lonse. Popanda izo, ntchito ya zigawo zonse ikanakhala yopanda tanthauzo.

R134a firiji - chifukwa chiyani sichigwiritsidwanso ntchito? 

Pakadali pano, r134a yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina owongolera mpweya. Komabe, zinthu zinasintha pamene chigamulo chinapangidwa kuti chichepetse kuwonongeka kwa magalimoto pa chilengedwe. Muyenera kudziwa kuti si mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wokha womwe umawononga chilengedwe, komanso mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poziziritsa. Choncho, kuyambira pa January 1, 2017, mafiriji omwe ali ndi nambala inayake ya GWP, yomwe siidutsa 150, iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto.

GGP ndi chiyani?

Nkhaniyi inayamba zaka 20 zapitazo mu 1997 mumzinda wa Kyoto ku Japan. Ndiko komwe ofufuzawo adatsimikiza kuti kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu zovulaza m'chilengedwe kuyenera kuchepetsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Pambuyo pake GVP (Gen. Kuthekera kwa kutentha kwa dziko), yomwe imadziwika ndi kuvulaza kwa zinthu zonse zachilengedwe. Kuchuluka kwake kumapangitsa kuti kuwononge kwambiri chilengedwe. Panthawiyo, mpweya wa r134a womwe unagwiritsidwa ntchito unakhala wosagwirizana ndi malangizo atsopano. Malinga ndi chizindikiro chatsopano, ili ndi GWP ya 1430! Izi zinathetsa kwathunthu kugwiritsa ntchito refrigerant ya r134a muzowongolera mpweya wamagalimoto. 

Kodi m'malo mwa firiji ya r134a ndi chiyani?

Mmodzi mwa mamembala a bungwe la VDA (German. Automotive Industry Association). Anapanga malingaliro olimba mtima kuti CO ingakhale yankho labwino.₂ngati chinthu chatsopano chowongolera mpweya. Poyambirira, lingaliro ili linalandiridwa ndi chidwi, makamaka popeza chinthu ichi ndizomwe zimatsimikizira za GWP zomwe zili pamwambazi ndipo zimakhala ndi 1. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizotsika mtengo komanso zimapezeka mosavuta. Nkhaniyi, komabe, idatsamira m'malo mwa HFO-1234yf yokhala ndi GWP ya 4. 

Kodi zapezeka bwanji pa firiji yoziziritsa mpweya imeneyi?

Chidwi choyambitsidwa ndi low wMphamvu ya chilengedwe ya wothandizira watsopanoyo inazimiririka mwamsanga. Chifukwa chiyani? Mayeso ochititsa chidwi a labotale adanenedwa akuwonetsa kuti kuwotcha kwa chinthuchi kumatulutsa poizoni wa hydrogen fluoride. Zimakhudza kwambiri thupi la munthu. Pakafukufuku woyendetsedwa ndi moto wamagalimoto, refrigerant yoziziritsa mpweya ya HFO-1234yf idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza ndi zozimitsa moto. Chifukwa chake, hydrofluoric acid imapangidwa. Lili ndi zinthu zomwe zingakhudze kwambiri minofu yaumunthu ndikupangitsa kuti ziwotche. Kuphatikiza apo, chinthucho chokha chimaphwanya bwino aluminium, zinc ndi magnesium. Choncho, ndi chinthu choopsa kwambiri kwa anthu.

Zotsatira za kukumbukira kwa r134a

Wothandizira kudzaza mpweya watsopano wamagalimoto ndi wokonda zachilengedwe kuposa mpweya wa r134a. Komabe, apa ndipamene ubwino wa air conditioning iyi umathera. N’chifukwa chiyani munganene choncho? Choyamba, refrigerant yakale ya air conditioner inali ndi kutentha kwa 770^oC. Choncho, amaonedwa kuti ndi osayaka. Mosiyana ndi izi, HFO-1234yf yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pano ikuyaka pa 405^oC, kuzipangitsa kukhala pafupifupi kuyaka. Sizovuta kulingalira zotsatira zomwe izi zingayambitse pakagundana ndi moto.

Mtengo wa r134a ndi mtengo wamafiriji A/C atsopano 

Mtengo wa refrigerant wa air conditioner ndi wofunikira kwambiri kwa madalaivala ambiri. Iyenera kukhala yotsika mtengo, yachangu komanso yapamwamba. Nthawi zambiri zinthu zitatuzi sizimalumikizana pakukhazikika konse. Ndipo, mwatsoka, pankhani ya air conditioning factor, ndizofanana. Ngati poyamba mtengo wa r134a factor unali wotsika, tsopano chinthu cha air conditioner ndi pafupifupi 10 kuwirikiza mtengo! Izi, ndithudi, zikuwonekera mumitengo yomaliza. Madalaivala ena amalephera kumvetsa mfundo yakuti amayenera kulipira ndalama zambiri pa ntchito yofanana ndi imene ankachitira zaka zingapo zapitazo.

Chifukwa chiyani mtengo wokwera wa refrigerant wa ma air conditioners ndi chiyani?

Mwachitsanzo, mfundo yakuti ma workshop amakakamizika kusintha zipangizo zawo zimakhudza kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo wa mpweya. Ndipo izi, ndithudi, zimawononga ndalama. Kodi zotsatira zake n'zotani? Ntchito yovomerezeka idzayembekeza kuchuluka kwa ma euro 600-80 pakuwonjezera mpweya wozizira. 

Kodi ndingadzazebe gasi wa r134a?

Ili ndi vuto lomwe likugunda kwambiri makampani opanga magalimoto. Kugulitsa kosaloledwa mu r134a kumachitika. Akuti ma workshops ambiri akugwiritsabe ntchito, chifukwa pali magalimoto ambiri m'misewu ya ku Poland omwe machitidwe awo oziziritsa mpweya samasinthidwa kukhala chinthu chatsopano cha HFO-1234yf. Komanso, nthawi zambiri wothandizira mpweya wakale amachokera ku malo osaloledwa, opanda zilolezo ndi ziphaso, zomwe zimapangitsa chiopsezo china chogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe sizikudziwika m'galimoto yanu.

Ndi gasi wanji woti musankhe chowongolera mpweya wagalimoto?

Zikuoneka kuti zinthu sizili bwino. Kumbali imodzi, kukonza ndi kudzaza makinawo ndi gasi watsopano kumawononga ma zloty mazana angapo. Kumbali inayi, chowongolera mpweya chomwe sichikudziwika bwino chomwe chidatumizidwa kunja. Kodi mungatani pamenepa? Ngati muli ndi galimoto yatsopano ndipo makina onse oziziritsa mpweya amasindikizidwa, ndiye kuti muyenera kusangalala. Simukukumana ndi ndalama zambiri kuti muwonjezere ku dongosolo, kukonza kokha. Mpweya wa R134a salolanso kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo oyendetsera mpweya, koma pali njira ina yosangalatsa - carbon dioxide. 

Refrigerant yotsika mtengo komanso yosamalira zachilengedwe kwa ma air conditioners, i.e. R774.

Chinthu chodziwika ndi R774 (ichi ndiye mtundu wa CO₂) kwenikweni ndi njira yotsika mtengo komanso yosawononga chilengedwe yowotchera mpweya. Poyamba, izi zidaganiziridwa mu maphunziro. Zachidziwikire, kukonzekeretsa msonkhano ndi chipangizo chamtunduwu nthawi zambiri kumawononga ma zloty masauzande ambiri, koma kumakupatsani mwayi wochepetsera kwambiri mtengo wowonjezera mafuta ndikusunga chowongolera mpweya. Mtengo wosinthira dongosolo ku R774 sayenera kupitirira 50 euro, zomwe ndithudi ndi malipiro a nthawi imodzi poyerekeza ndi mautumiki okhazikika.

Gasi wachilengedwe wowongolera mpweya wamagalimoto, i.e. propane

Lingaliro lina linachokera kwa anthu a ku Australia omwe amagwiritsa ntchito propane popangira magetsi oziziritsa mpweya. Ndi mpweya wachilengedwe, komabe, ngati HFO-1234yf, ndi woyaka kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, chowongolera mpweya sichifuna kusinthidwa kulikonse kuti chigwire ntchito pa propane. Komabe, ubwino wake pamwamba pake ndikuti siwowopsa ndipo sichimayambitsa kusintha kwakukulu pamene vaporized kapena kuphulika. 

Palibe macheke otsika mtengo a air conditioner ndikudzaza ndi factor r134a (osavomerezeka). Tsopano zomwe zatsala ndikudikirira njira ina yomwe idzasinthe malangizo omwe alipo ndikuwonetsa njira yotsatira yamakampani opanga magalimoto. Monga wogula, mungafune kuganizira njira zina kapena kusinthana ndi njira yakale yotsimikiziridwa, i.e. mazenera otsegula.