Kuwona kuyatsa ndi oscilloscope

Njira yapamwamba kwambiri yodziwira makina oyaka moto amagalimoto amakono akugwiritsidwa ntchito galimoto-tester. Chipangizochi chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe amagetsi apamwamba amagetsi oyatsira, komanso chimapereka chidziwitso chanthawi yeniyeni pamagetsi oyatsa, mtengo wamagetsi owonongeka, nthawi yoyaka ndi mphamvu yamoto. Pamtima wa choyezera mota pali digito oscilloscope, ndipo zotsatira zake zimawonetsedwa pakompyuta kapena tabuleti.

Njira yodziwira matenda imachokera pa mfundo yakuti kulephera kulikonse m'mabwalo a pulayimale ndi sekondale nthawi zonse kumawonetsedwa ngati mawonekedwe a oscillogram. Zimakhudzidwa ndi magawo awa:

Kuwona kuyatsa ndi oscilloscope

• nthawi yoyaka moto;
• liwiro la crankshaft;
• throttle kutsegula angle;
• onjezerani mtengo wa pressure;
• kapangidwe ka ntchito osakaniza;
• zifukwa zina.

Choncho, mothandizidwa ndi oscillogram, n'zotheka kuti azindikire kuwonongeka osati pamoto wa galimoto, komanso m'zigawo zake zina ndi makina. Kuwonongeka kwa makina oyatsira amagawidwa kukhala okhazikika komanso okhazikika (ochitika pokhapokha pazikhalidwe zina). Pachiyambi choyamba, choyesa choyimira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chachiwiri, chogwiritsira ntchito pamene galimoto ikuyenda. Chifukwa chakuti pali njira zingapo zoyatsira, ma oscillogram omwe adalandira adzapereka chidziwitso chosiyana. Tiyeni tikambirane zinthu zimenezi mwatsatanetsatane.

Classic poyatsira

Ganizirani zitsanzo zenizeni za zolakwika pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha oscillograms. M'ziwerengero, ma graph a dongosolo loyatsa lolakwika amawonetsedwa mofiira, motsatana, mu zobiriwira - zogwiritsidwa ntchito.

Tsegulani pambuyo pa capacitive sensor

Dulani waya wothamanga kwambiri pakati pa malo oyika capacitive sensor ndi ma spark plugs.. Pachifukwa ichi, voteji yowonongeka imawonjezeka chifukwa cha maonekedwe a phokoso lowonjezera lomwe limagwirizanitsidwa mndandanda, ndipo nthawi yoyaka moto imachepa. Nthawi zina, spark sikuwoneka nkomwe.

Sitikulimbikitsidwa kulola kugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali ndikuwonongeka kotereku, chifukwa kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwamphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi komanso kuwonongeka kwa transistor yamagetsi yamagetsi.

Kuphulika kwa waya kutsogolo kwa sensor capacitive

Kuthyoka kwa waya wapakati-high-voltage pakati pa coil yoyatsira ndi malo oyika capacitive sensor.. Pachifukwa ichi, kusiyana kwa spark yowonjezera kumawonekeranso. Pachifukwa ichi, mphamvu ya spark ikuwonjezeka, ndipo nthawi ya kukhalapo kwake imachepa.

Pachifukwa ichi, chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa oscillogram ndikuti pamene kutentha kwamoto kumayaka pakati pa ma electrode a makandulo, kumayakanso mofanana pakati pa malekezero awiri a waya wosweka kwambiri.

Kukana kwa waya wokwera kwambiri pakati pa malo oyika capacitive sensor ndi ma spark plugs kwawonjezeka kwambiri.

Kuchulukitsa kukana kwa waya wokwera kwambiri pakati pa malo oyika capacitive sensor ndi ma spark plugs.. Kukaniza kwa waya kumatha kukulitsidwa chifukwa cha okosijeni kwa omwe amalumikizana nawo, kukalamba kwa kondakitala, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito waya womwe ndi wautali kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa kukana kumapeto kwa waya, magetsi amatsika. Choncho, mawonekedwe a oscillogram amasokonekera kotero kuti voteji kumayambiriro kwa spark ndi yaikulu kwambiri kuposa voteji kumapeto kwa kuyaka. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi yoyaka moto imakhala yochepa.

kusweka kwa insulation yamphamvu kwambiri nthawi zambiri ndiko kuwonongeka kwake. Iwo akhoza kuchitika mwa:

• high-voltage linanena bungwe koyilo ndi chimodzi mwa zotulukapo chakumapeto koyambirira kwa koyilo kapena "nthaka";
• waya wothamanga kwambiri ndi injini zoyatsira mkati;
• poyatsira wogawa chivundikiro ndi distributor nyumba;
• distributor slider ndi distributor shaft;
• "Chipewa" cha waya wokwera kwambiri komanso nyumba ya injini yoyaka mkati;
• waya nsonga ndi spark pulagi nyumba kapena mkati kuyaka injini nyumba;
• kondakitala wapakati wa kandulo ndi thupi lake.

nthawi zambiri, munjira yopanda ntchito kapena yotsika kwambiri ya injini yoyaka mkati, zimakhala zovuta kupeza zowonongeka, kuphatikiza pakuzindikira injini yoyatsira mkati pogwiritsa ntchito oscilloscope kapena tester motor. Chifukwa chake, injiniyo imayenera kupanga zinthu zovuta kuti kuwonongeka kuwonekere bwino (kuyambitsa injini yoyaka mkati, kutsegulira mwadzidzidzi, kumagwira ntchito pamayendedwe otsika kwambiri).

Pambuyo pazochitika za kutulutsa pamalo owonongeka, zamakono zimayamba kuyenda mu dera lachiwiri. Choncho, voteji pa koyilo amachepetsa, ndipo safika pa mtengo chofunika kusweka pakati maelekitirodi pa kandulo.

Kumanzere kwa chithunzicho, mutha kuwona kupangidwa kwa spark kutulutsa kunja kwa chipinda choyaka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa kutentha kwamphamvu kwamagetsi opangira magetsi. Pankhaniyi, injini yoyaka mkati imagwira ntchito ndi katundu wambiri (regassing).

Pamwamba pa insulator ya spark plug ndi yoipitsidwa kwambiri kumbali ya chipinda choyaka moto.

Kuipitsa kwa insulator ya spark plug kumbali ya chipinda choyaka moto. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha ma depositi a mwaye, mafuta, zotsalira zamafuta ndi zowonjezera zamafuta. Muzochitika izi, mtundu wa depositi pa insulator udzasintha kwambiri. Mukhoza kuwerenga zambiri za matenda a injini kuyaka mkati ndi mtundu wa mwaye pa kandulo padera.

Kuipitsidwa kwakukulu kwa insulator kungayambitse zowotcha pamwamba. Mwachilengedwe, kutulutsa koteroko sikumapereka kuyatsa kodalirika kwa kusakaniza kwa mpweya woyaka, komwe kumayambitsa kusokonekera. Nthawi zina, ngati insulator yaipitsidwa, ma flashovers amatha kuchitika pafupipafupi.

Mawonekedwe a ma pulse apamwamba kwambiri opangidwa ndi coil yoyatsira yokhala ndi kusweka kwapakati.

Kuwonongeka kwa ma interturn insulation of the ignition coil windings. Kukawonongeka kotereku, kutuluka kwa spark kumawonekera osati pa spark plug, komanso mkati mwa coil yoyatsira (pakati pa kutembenuka kwa ma windings ake). Mwachibadwa zimachotsa mphamvu kuchokera kumtunda waukulu. Ndipo pamene koyiloyo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito motere, mphamvu zambiri zimatayika. Pakatundu wochepa pa injini yoyaka mkati, kuwonongeka komwe kufotokozedwa sikungamveke. Komabe, ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu, injini kuyaka mkati angayambe "troit", kutaya mphamvu.

Kusiyana pakati pa ma electrode a spark plug ndi compression

Kusiyana pakati pa ma electrode a spark plug kumachepetsedwa. Injini yoyatsira mkati imagwira ntchito popanda katundu.

Kusiyana kotchulidwa kumasankhidwa pagalimoto iliyonse payekha, ndipo zimatengera magawo awa:

• voteji pazipita opangidwa ndi koyilo;
• kutchinjiriza mphamvu ya zinthu dongosolo;
• kupanikizika kwakukulu mu chipinda choyaka moto panthawi yoyaka;
• moyo wautumiki woyembekezeredwa wa makandulo.

Kusiyana pakati pa ma electrode a spark plug kumawonjezeka. Injini yoyatsira mkati imagwira ntchito popanda katundu.

Pogwiritsa ntchito kuyesa koyatsa kwa oscilloscope, mutha kupeza zosagwirizana patali pakati pa ma electrode a spark plug. Chifukwa chake, ngati mtunda wachepa, ndiye kuti mwayi woyatsa mafuta osakaniza mpweya umachepetsedwa. Pankhaniyi, kusweka kumafuna kutsika kwamphamvu kwamagetsi.

Ngati kusiyana pakati pa maelekitirodi pa kandulo ukuwonjezeka, ndiye kuti mtengo wa kuwonongeka kwa voteji ukuwonjezeka. Chifukwa chake, kuti mutsimikizire kuyatsa kodalirika kwa osakaniza amafuta, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito injini yoyaka mkati mwa katundu wocheperako.

Chonde dziwani kuti ntchito yayitali ya koyiloyo munjira yomwe imapangitsa kuti pakhale kutentha kwakukulu, choyamba, kumapangitsa kuti avale kwambiri komanso kulephera koyambirira, ndipo kachiwiri, izi zimadzaza ndi kuwonongeka kwazinthu zina zamakina oyatsira, makamaka m'mwamba. -magetsi. palinso kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zosinthira, zomwe ndi transistor yake yamphamvu, yomwe imathandizira koyilo yoyatsira yovuta.

Kuponderezana kochepa. Mukayang'ana makina oyatsira ndi oscilloscope kapena tester motor, kupsinjika kochepa mu silinda imodzi kapena zingapo kumatha kuzindikirika. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pakupanikizika kochepa pa nthawi yowombera, mpweya wa gasi umachepetsedwa. Momwemonso, kupanikizika kwa mpweya pakati pa ma electrode a spark plug panthawi yamoto kumachepetsedwanso. Chifukwa chake, voteji yocheperako imafunika kuti iwonongeke. Maonekedwe a pulse sasintha, koma matalikidwe okhawo amasintha.

Pachithunzi chakumanja, mukuwona oscillogram pamene kuthamanga kwa mpweya m'chipinda choyaka moto pa nthawi yamoto kumachepetsedwa chifukwa cha kupanikizika kochepa kapena chifukwa cha mtengo waukulu wa nthawi yoyatsira. Injini yoyatsira yamkati pakadali pano ikuchita popanda katundu.

DIS poyatsira dongosolo

Ma pulse oyaka kwambiri opangidwa ndi ma ICE athanzi a DIS (osagwira ntchito popanda katundu).

Dongosolo loyatsira la DIS (Double Ignition System) lili ndi zida zapadera zoyatsira. Amasiyana chifukwa ali ndi ma terminals awiri apamwamba kwambiri. Mmodzi wa iwo amalumikizidwa ndi koyambirira kwa malekezero a mafunde achiwiri, chachiwiri - mpaka kumapeto kwachiwiri kwa mafunde achiwiri a koyilo yoyatsira moto. Koyilo iliyonse yotereyi imagwiritsa ntchito masilindala awiri.

Pokhudzana ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa, kutsimikizira kuyatsa ndi oscilloscope ndi kuchotsedwa kwa oscillogram ya voteji yamagetsi oyaka kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito ma capacitive DIS sensors kumachitika mosiyanasiyana. Ndiko kuti, kumakhala kuwerenga kwenikweni kwa oscillogram ya mphamvu yamagetsi ya koyilo. Ngati ma coils ali bwino, ndiye kuti ma oscillation onyowa ayenera kuwonedwa kumapeto kwa kuyaka.

Kuti mupeze zowunikira za DIS poyatsira makina ndi voliyumu yayikulu, ndikofunikira kutengera ma waveform amagetsi pamakona oyambira amakoyilo.

Kufotokozera Chithunzi:

Voltage waveform pagawo lachiwiri la DIS ignition system

1. Chiwonetsero cha mphindi ya chiyambi cha kusonkhanitsa mphamvu mu coil poyatsira. Zimagwirizana ndi nthawi yotsegulira mphamvu ya transistor.
2. Kuwonetsera kwa malo osinthira osinthira kupita kumalo ochepetsera apano pakumangirira koyambirira kwa koyilo yoyatsira pamlingo wa 6 ... 8 A. Makina amakono a DIS ali ndi masiwichi opanda malire apano, kotero palibe chigawo cha high-voltage kugunda.
3. Kuwonongeka kwa kusiyana kwa spark pakati pa ma electrode a ma spark plug omwe amaperekedwa ndi koyilo ndikuyamba kuyaka. Zimayenderana ndi nthawi ndi mphindi yotseka mphamvu ya transistor ya switch.
4. Malo oyaka moto.
5. Mapeto a spark kuyaka ndi chiyambi cha damped oscillations.

Kufotokozera Chithunzi:

Voltage waveform pa control linanena bungwe DIS la coil poyatsira.

1. Mphindi yotsegula transistor yamagetsi ya switch (chiyambi cha kudzikundikira mphamvu mu maginito a coil poyatsira).
2. Chigawo cha kusintha kwa chosinthira kupita ku njira yochepetsera yapano mu gawo loyambira pomwe pompopompo pamapiritsi oyambira a coil yoyatsira ifika pa 6 ... 8 A. M'machitidwe amakono oyatsira a DIS, masiwichi alibe njira yochepetsera pano. , ndipo, motero, palibe zone 2 pamagetsi oyambira omwe akusowa.
3. Mphindi yotseka mphamvu ya transistor ya chosinthira (m'dera lachiwiri, pakadali pano, kuwonongeka kwa mipata ya spark kumawonekera pakati pa ma electrode a spark plugs omwe amaperekedwa ndi koyilo ndipo spark imayamba kuyaka).
4. Kuwonetsera kwa moto woyaka.
5. Chiwonetsero cha kutha kwa moto wamoto ndi chiyambi cha ma oscillation onyowa.

Kuyatsa payekha

Makina oyatsira pawokha amayikidwa pamainjini amakono a petulo. Amasiyana ndi machitidwe akale ndi a DIS pamenepo pulagi iliyonse imayendetsedwa ndi koyilo yoyatsira. kawirikawiri, koyilo anaika basi pamwamba makandulo. Nthawi zina, kusintha kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mawaya amphamvu kwambiri. Makoyilo ali amitundu iwiri - yaying'ono и ndodo.

Mukazindikira makina oyatsira pawokha, magawo awa amawunikidwa:

• kukhalapo kwa ma oscillations onyowa kumapeto kwa gawo loyaka moto pakati pa ma electrode a spark plug;
• nthawi ya kuchulukira kwa mphamvu mu mphamvu ya maginito ya coil yoyatsira (nthawi zambiri imakhala pamtunda wa 1,5 ... 5,0 ms, kutengera chitsanzo cha koyilo);
• nthawi yoyaka moto pakati pa ma electrode a spark plug (nthawi zambiri, ndi 1,5 ... 2,5 ms, kutengera mtundu wa koyilo).

Kuzindikira koyambira kwamagetsi

Kuti muzindikire koyilo yapayekha ndi voteji yayikulu, muyenera kuwona mawonekedwe amagetsi pamawonekedwe owongolera a koyilo yoyambayo pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wa oscilloscope.

Kufotokozera Chithunzi:

Oscillogram ya voliyumu pakuwongolera kutulutsa koyambira kwa koyilo yoyatsira yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

1. Mphindi yotsegula transistor yamagetsi ya switch (chiyambi cha kudzikundikira mphamvu mu maginito a coil poyatsira).
2. Mphindi yotseka mphamvu ya transistor ya chosinthira (yomwe ili mugawo loyambira imasokonekera mwadzidzidzi ndipo kuwonongeka kwa spark gap kumawoneka pakati pa ma electrode a spark plug).
3. Malo omwe spark imayaka pakati pa ma electrode a spark plug.
4. Kugwedezeka kwamphamvu komwe kumachitika pakatha kutha kwa spark pakati pa ma electrode a spark plug.

Pachithunzi chomwe chili kumanzere, mutha kuwona mawonekedwe amagetsi pamawonekedwe owongolera amtundu wanthawi yayitali wolakwika. Chizindikiro cha kusokonekera ndikusoweka kwa ma oscillation onyowa pambuyo pakutha kwa spark kuyaka pakati pa ma electrode a spark plug (gawo "4").

Kuzindikira kwamagetsi achiwiri ndi capacitive sensor

Kugwiritsira ntchito capacitive sensor kuti mupeze mawonekedwe amagetsi pa koyilo ndikoyenera kwambiri, popeza chizindikiro chopezedwa ndi chithandizo chake chimabwereza molondola mawonekedwe amagetsi amagetsi mu gawo lachiwiri la dongosolo loyatsira lomwe lapezeka.

Oscillogram ya kugunda kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kwapang'onopang'ono kwapang'onopang'ono, komwe kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito capacitive sensor.

Kufotokozera Chithunzi:

1. Chiyambi cha kudzikundikira mphamvu mu mphamvu maginito koyilo (zimagwirizana mu nthawi ndi kutsegula kwa transistor mphamvu ya lophimba).
2. Kuwonongeka kwa kusiyana kwa spark pakati pa ma electrode a spark plug ndikuyamba kuyaka (panthawiyi pomwe transistor yamagetsi imatseka).
3. Malo oyatsira moto pakati pa ma electrode a spark plug.
4. Damped oscillations zimachitika pambuyo mapeto a spark kuyaka pakati maelekitirodi a kandulo.

Oscillogram ya kugunda kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kwapang'onopang'ono kwapang'onopang'ono komwe kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito capacitive sensor. Kukhalapo kwa ma oscillation onyezimira atangotha ​​kusweka kwa spark gap pakati pa ma electrode spark plug (malo amalembedwa ndi chizindikiro "2") ndi chotsatira cha mawonekedwe a koyilo ndipo si chizindikiro cha kuwonongeka.

Oscillogram ya kugunda kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kwapang'onopang'ono kwapang'onopang'ono komwe kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito capacitive sensor. Chizindikiro cha kusweka ndi kusowa kwa ma oscillations onyezimira pambuyo pa kutha kwa kutentha kwapakati pakati pa maelekitirodi a kandulo (malo amalembedwa ndi chizindikiro "4").

Kuwunika kwamagetsi achiwiri pogwiritsa ntchito sensor inductive

Sensor inductive pochita diagnostics pa voteji yachiwiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zomwe sizingatheke kunyamula chizindikiro pogwiritsa ntchito capacitive sensor. Izi poyatsira koyilo makamaka ndodo munthu mabwalo lalifupi, yaying'ono munthu madera lalifupi ndi anamanga-mu mphamvu siteji kulamulira pulayimale mapiringidzo, ndi mabwalo munthu lalifupi kuphatikiza zigawo.

Oscillogram ya kugunda kwamphamvu kwambiri kwa ndodo yathanzi yafupipafupi, yomwe imapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito sensor inductive.

Kufotokozera Chithunzi:

1. Chiyambi cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu mu mphamvu ya maginito ya coil yoyatsira (zimagwirizana ndi nthawi ndi kutsegulidwa kwa transistor ya mphamvu ya chosinthira).
2. Kuwonongeka kwa kusiyana kwa spark pakati pa maelekitirodi a spark plug ndikuyamba kuyaka (panthawi yomwe mphamvu ya transistor yosinthira imatseka).
3. Malo omwe spark imayaka pakati pa ma electrode a spark plug.
4. Kugwedezeka kwamphamvu komwe kumachitika pakatha kutha kwa spark pakati pa ma electrode a spark plug.

Oscillogram ya kugunda kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kwa ndodo yolakwika payokha, yomwe imapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito sensor inductive. Chizindikiro cha kulephera ndi kusowa kwa ma oscillations onyezimira kumapeto kwa nthawi yoyaka moto pakati pa ma electrode a spark plug (malo amalembedwa ndi chizindikiro "4").

Oscillogram ya kugunda kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kwa ndodo yolakwika payokha, yomwe imapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito sensor inductive. Chizindikiro cha kulephera ndi kusakhalapo kwa ma oscillation onyezimira kumapeto kwa kutentha kwapakati pakati pa ma electrode a spark plug ndi nthawi yaifupi kwambiri yoyaka.

Pomaliza

Diagnostics a poyatsira dongosolo ntchito galimoto tester ndi njira yapamwamba kwambiri yothetsera mavuto. Ndi izo, inu mukhoza kuzindikira zosweka komanso pa gawo loyamba la zochitika zawo. Chotsalira chokha cha njira yodziwira matenda ndi mtengo wapamwamba wa zipangizo. Chifukwa chake, mayesowa atha kuchitidwa kokha m'malo apadera othandizira, pomwe pali zida zoyenera ndi mapulogalamu.