Kuyang'ana ndi kukonza jenereta VAZ 2107
Zamkatimu
Chipangizo chosavuta cha VAZ 2107 chimalola madalaivala kuti azisamalira ndi kukonza galimoto yawo. Komabe, pangakhale mavuto ndi mfundo zina. Mwachitsanzo, ndi seti ya jenereta, popeza si onse oyendetsa galimoto omwe ali ndi chidziwitso choyenera pogwira ntchito ndi zipangizo zamagetsi.
Jenereta ya VAZ 2107: cholinga ndi ntchito zazikulu
Mofanana ndi galimoto ina iliyonse, jenereta pa "zisanu ndi ziwiri" imaphatikizidwa ndi batire. Ndiko kuti, awa ndi magwero awiri mphamvu galimoto, aliyense ntchito modes ake. Ndipo ngati ntchito yaikulu ya batire ndi kusunga operability wa zipangizo zamagetsi pa nthawi imene injini kuzimitsidwa, ndiye jenereta M'malo mwake, umapanga panopa pamene injini ikuyenda.
Ntchito yayikulu ya seti ya jenereta ndikupanga mphamvu zamagetsi podyetsa batire. Ndiko kuti, m'njira zambiri (ngati si onse), magwiridwe antchito a makina amatengera momwe jenereta ndi batri zimagwirira ntchito.
jenereta waika pa Vaz 2107 opangidwa kuyambira 1982. Chizindikiro cha fakitale yawo ndi G-221A.
Makhalidwe aukadaulo a jenereta ya G-221A
Mitundu iwiri ya jenereta (carburetor ndi jekeseni) inayikidwa pa Vaz 2107, iliyonse yomwe inali ndi fakitale yake yolemba: 372.3701 kapena 9412.3701. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe a magwiridwe antchito a zida amatha kusiyana, popeza mitundu ya jakisoni imawononga magetsi ambiri, motero, ndipo mphamvu ya jenereta iyenera kukhala yayikulu.
Majenereta onse a VAZ 2107 ali ndi voteji yomweyi - 14 V.
Table: poyerekeza makhalidwe a zosintha zosiyanasiyana jenereta kwa VAZ 2107
Dzina la jenereta | Maximum recoil current, A | Mphamvu, W | Kulemera, kg |
VAZ 2107 carburetor | 55 | 770 | 4,4 |
jekeseni wa VAZ 2107 | 80 | 1120 | 4,9 |
Ndi ma jenereta ati omwe angayikidwe pa "zisanu ndi ziwiri"
Mapangidwe a VAZ 2107 amakulolani kukhazikitsa osati jenereta ya G-221A yokha. Choncho, dalaivala, ngati n'koyenera, akhoza kupereka chipangizo champhamvu kwambiri, komabe, pankhaniyi, kusintha kwina kumayenera kupangidwa kudera lamagetsi lagalimoto. Funso limadzuka: chifukwa chiyani chikhumbo cha woyendetsa galimoto kusintha jenereta "yachibadwidwe"?
G-221A inali chipangizo chabwino kwambiri chopangira magalimoto m'nthawi ya chiyambi cha kupanga kwawo kwakukulu. Komabe, nthawi yayitali yadutsa kuyambira m'ma 1980 ndipo lero pafupifupi dalaivala aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zamakono:
- dongosolo lamayimbidwe;
- oyenda panyanja;
- zida zowonjezera zowunikira (kukonza), etc.Zida zowunikira pawokha zimawononga magetsi ambiri.
Chifukwa chake, jenereta ya G-221A sangathe kulimbana ndi katundu wambiri, chifukwa chake madalaivala amayamba kufunafuna makhazikitsidwe amphamvu kwambiri.
Pa "zisanu ndi ziwiri" mutha kukhazikitsa zida zitatu zamphamvu:
- G-222 (jenereta ku Lada Niva);
- G-2108 (jenereta kuchokera ku GXNUMX);
- G-2107-3701010 (injector chitsanzo cha makina carburetor).
Ndikofunika kuti zitsanzo ziwiri zomalizira sizifuna kusintha kwa mapangidwe a nyumba za jenereta ndi mapiri ake. Mukayika jenereta kuchokera ku Niva, muyenera kukonzanso.
Video: mfundo ya jenereta
Chithunzi cholumikizira G-221A
Monga chipangizo chamagetsi, jenereta iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Chifukwa chake, chiwembu cha kulumikizana kwake sichiyenera kuyambitsa kutanthauzira kosamveka. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti madalaivala a "zisanu ndi ziwiri" nthawi zambiri amatha kugwirizanitsa materminals onse a jenereta okha, chifukwa dera likupezeka komanso lomveka kwa aliyense.
Eni magalimoto ambiri akudabwa kuti ndi waya uti womwe uyenera kulumikizidwa pochotsa jenereta. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chipangizocho chili ndi zolumikizira zingapo ndi mawaya, ndipo mukachisintha, mutha kuyiwala kuti waya amapita kuti:
- lalanje sizothandiza pakulumikiza, mutha kuzisiya momwe zilili kapena kulumikiza mwachindunji ku imvi kuti muyambitse galimoto;
- waya wandiweyani imvi amapita ku maburashi kuchokera ku relay-regulator;
- imvi woonda waya zikugwirizana ndi relay;
- yellow - control light coordinator pa gulu lowongolera.
Pogwira ntchito modziyimira pawokha ndi G-221A, ndi bwino kusaina cholinga cha mawaya, kuti pambuyo pake musawalumikize molakwika.
Jenereta ya VAZ 2107
Mwadongosolo, jenereta pa "zisanu ndi ziwiri" ili ndi mawonekedwe a silinda. Pali zigawo zing'onozing'ono zambiri zobisika muzitsulo zotayidwa, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yake. Mfundo zazikulu za G-221A ndi rotor, stator ndi zophimba, zomwe zimangoponyedwa kuchokera ku aluminiyamu yapadera.
Chozungulira
Rotor ya G-221A imakhala ndi shaft yokhala ndi malata, pomwe mawondo achitsulo ndi mitengo imakanizidwa. Manja ndi mitengo yooneka ngati mlomo pamodzi imapanga chomwe chimatchedwa pachimake cha electromagnet. Pakatikati pake pamakhala gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi panthawi ya kuzungulira kwa shaft ya rotor.
Mapiritsi osangalatsa amapezekanso mkati mwa rotor. Amayikidwa pakati pa mizati.
Chinthu chosunthika cha rotor - shaft yamalata - imazungulira chifukwa cha mayendedwe awiri a mpira. Kumbuyo kumbuyo kumayikidwa mwachindunji pamtengowo, ndipo kutsogolo kumayikidwa pachivundikiro cha jenereta.
Sitimayi
Stator imasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku mbale zapadera 1 mm wandiweyani. Ma mbalewa amapangidwa ndi zitsulo zamagetsi. Ndi mu grooves ya stator kuti mapiringidzo a magawo atatu amayikidwa. Zozungulira zozungulira (zilipo zisanu ndi chimodzi) zimapangidwa ndi waya wamkuwa. M'malo mwake, gawo lamagetsi lochokera pakatikati pa rotor limasinthidwa ndi ma coil kukhala magetsi oyera.
Wokonzanso
Jenereta mu kasinthidwe kameneka kamapanga kokha kusinthasintha kwamakono, komwe sikuli kokwanira kuti galimotoyo isayende bwino. Choncho, mu nkhani ya G-221A pali rectifier (kapena diode mlatho), ntchito yaikulu yomwe ndi kutembenuza AC kukhala DC.
Mlatho wa diode uli ndi mawonekedwe a nsapato za akavalo (omwe adalandira dzina lofananira pakati pa oyendetsa) ndipo amasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku ma diode asanu ndi limodzi a silicon. Pa mbale, ma diode atatu ali ndi mtengo wabwino ndipo atatu ali ndi vuto loipa. Bawuti yolumikizira imayikidwa pakati pa chowongolera.
Wowongolera wamagalimoto
Voltage regulator pa VAZ 2107 amapangidwa pamodzi ndi chofukizira burashi. Chipangizocho ndi gawo losasiyanitsidwa ndipo limakhazikika pachivundikiro chakumbuyo cha jenereta. Wowongolera adapangidwa kuti azisunga ma voliyumu ovotera pamaneti munjira iliyonse yogwirira ntchito.
Pulley
Pulley sikuti nthawi zonse imatengedwa kuti ndi gawo lofunikira la jenereta, chifukwa imayikidwa padera pa nyumba yomwe yasonkhana kale. Ntchito yayikulu ya pulley ndi kusamutsa mphamvu zamakina. Monga gawo la jenereta, imalumikizidwa ndi lamba woyendetsa ku ma pulleys a crankshaft ndi mpope. Chifukwa chake, zida zonse zitatu zimagwira ntchito molumikizana mosagwirizana.
Zovuta za jenereta
Tsoka ilo, njira zoterezi sizinapangidwebe zomwe sizingalephereke chifukwa cha nthawi ndi katundu wokhazikika. Jenereta ya VAZ 2107 idapangidwa kwa zaka zambiri, koma nthawi zina izi zimapewedwa ndi kuwonongeka kwazing'ono ndi kuwonongeka kwa zigawo zake.
Ndizotheka kuzindikira zovuta pakugwira ntchito kwa jenereta popanda kuthandizidwa ndi akatswiri a station station: muyenera kungoyang'anira mosamala zonse zomwe zimachitika ndi galimoto mukuyendetsa.
Kuwala kwachizindikiro cholipiritsa pagawo la chida
M'kati mwa VAZ 2107 pa bolodi pali linanena bungwe zipangizo zingapo siginecha. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi batire kulipiritsa chizindikiro kuwala. Ngati mwadzidzidzi kuwala kofiira, zikutanthauza kuti palibe malipiro okwanira mu batri, pali mavuto ndi jenereta. Koma chipangizo chizindikiro si nthawi zonse kusonyeza mavuto jenereta palokha, nthawi zambiri nyali ntchito pazifukwa zina:
- kutsetsereka kwa jenereta lamba pagalimoto - muyenera kuyimitsa makina ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa lamba;
- kuwonongeka kwa chingwe chowongolera nyali, chifukwa chake sichigwira ntchito moyenera - tikulimbikitsidwa "kuyimba" cholumikizira mu chipika chokwera ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, m'malo mwake;
- kusweka kwa olumikizana nawo mumayendedwe osangalatsa ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu komwe kumafuna kuti jenereta ichotsedwe mgalimoto, kupasuka ndikufufuza kupuma;
- kuvala mwamphamvu kwa maburashi mu chotengera burashi - adzafunika kusinthidwa, chomwe chiri chophweka;
- dera lalifupi mu rectifier (makamaka, mmodzi wa silicon diode anawotchedwa) - tikulimbikitsidwa disassemble jenereta, kulira ma diode ndi m'malo chinthu analephera.
Batire silikulipira
Madalaivala a VAZ 2107 nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi vuto lotere: jenereta ikuwoneka kuti ikugwira ntchito bwino, koma batire ilibe mphamvu. Vuto likhoza kukhala mu zolakwika zotsatirazi:
- lamba wa alternator watambasulidwa - ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa zovuta zake kapena m'malo mwake ndi watsopano;
- kumasula zomangira za zingwe za waya - ingolimbitsani zolumikizira zonse ndikuyeretsa mosamala zolumikizira ndi zolumikizira;
- kuwonongeka kwa batri palokha;
- kuwonongeka kwa mawaya - tikulimbikitsidwa kulira mawaya onse pakati pa batire ndi jenereta ndikusintha magawo owonongeka.
Batiri limatha
Batire yomwe imawotcha ndi chizindikiro chakuti batire ilibe moyo wautali. Pambuyo pake, batire silingathe kugwira ntchito mokwanira, kotero posachedwa liyenera kusinthidwa. Komabe, kuti m'malo mwake musabweretse zotsatira zoyipa zomwezo, ndikofunikira kupeza chomwe chimayambitsa chithupsa, chomwe chingakhale:
- kuipitsidwa kwa kukhudzana pakati pa "misa" ndi thupi la jenereta regulator - m'pofunika kuyeretsa kukhudzana;
- kuwonongeka kwa bolodi lamagetsi lowongolera palokha - m'malo mwa bolodi ndikulimbikitsidwa;
- batire yopanda pake - ngati batire idayamba kuwira nthawi yomweyo itatha kusinthidwa.
Poyendetsa galimoto, pamakhala phokoso komanso phokoso kuchokera ku jenereta
Jenereta imakhala ndi rotor yozungulira, choncho iyenera kupanga phokoso panthawi yogwira ntchito. Komabe, ngati mawuwa akulirakulira komanso osakhala achilengedwe, muyenera kuthana ndi zomwe zawachitikira:
- kumasula nati pa pulley - muyenera kumangitsa nati ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa lamba;
- kuvala kuvala - pamenepa, dalaivala akhoza kumva phokoso lalikulu komanso kulira pamene akuyendetsa galimoto, muyenera kukanikiza zitsulo zakale kuchokera pamtengo ndikuyika zatsopano;
- dera lalifupi pakumangirira - stator iyenera kusinthidwa kwathunthu;
- kugwedeza kwa maburashi - tikulimbikitsidwa kuyeretsa maburashi kuti asagwirizane ndi dothi.
Cheke jenereta
Zowonongeka ndi jenereta zitha kupewedwa pozindikira nthawi ndi nthawi momwe gawoli lilili. Kuyang'ana ntchito ya jenereta kumapereka chidaliro cha dalaivala pa ntchito yake yoyenera komanso kuti palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa.
Osayesa alternator poyichotsa ku batire pomwe injini ikuyenda. Izi zadzaza ndi ma surges amagetsi mu netiweki ndi dera lalifupi.. Njira yosavuta ndiyo kulumikizana ndi akatswiri a station station kuti muwone momwe jenereta imagwirira ntchito poyimilira. Komabe, otsimikiza "otsogolera asanu ndi awiri" adasinthiratu kuti ayang'ane G-221A okha ndi multimeter.
Kuti muzindikire, mudzafunika multimeter yamtundu uliwonse - digito kapena chizindikiro. Chikhalidwe chokha: chipangizocho chiyenera kugwira ntchito moyenera mumayendedwe a AC ndi DC.
Dongosolo la ntchito
Anthu awiri amafunika kuti azindikire thanzi la jenereta. Mmodzi wa iwo ayenera kukhala mu kanyumba ndi kuyambitsa injini pa chizindikiro, chachiwiri ayenera kuwunika mwachindunji kuwerengedwa kwa multimeter mu modes zosiyanasiyana. Dongosolo la ntchito lidzakhala motere.
- Sinthani chidacho kukhala DC mode.
- Ndi injini yozimitsa, gwirizanitsani multimeter choyamba ku batire imodzi, kenako yachiwiri. Magetsi pamaneti sayenera kuchepera 11,9 ndi kupitilira 12,6 V.
- Pambuyo muyeso woyamba, yambani injini.
- Panthawi yoyambitsa injini, woyezerayo ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuwerengera kwa chipangizocho. Ngati voteji yatsika kwambiri ndipo sikukwera kumalo ogwirira ntchito, izi zimasonyeza kukula kwa gwero la jenereta. Ngati, m'malo mwake, chizindikiro cha voteji ndi chapamwamba kuposa chanthawi zonse, ndiye kuti posachedwa batire idzawira. Njira yabwino kwambiri - poyambitsa injini, magetsi adatsika pang'ono ndipo nthawi yomweyo adachira.Ngati voteji yoyezedwa ndi injini ikuyenda pakati pa 11.9 ndi 12.6 V, ndiye kuti alternator ili bwino.
Video: njira yoyesera ya jenereta yokhala ndi babu
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Kukonza jenereta pa VAZ 2107
Mukhoza kukonza jenereta popanda thandizo lakunja. Chipangizocho chimaphwanyidwa mosavuta pazigawo zotsalira, kotero mutha kusintha magawo akale ngakhale popanda ntchito yoyenera. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti jenereta makamaka ndi chipangizo chamagetsi, kotero kuti musalakwitse pa msonkhano.
Ndondomeko yokonza jenereta pa VAZ 2107 ikugwirizana ndi ndondomekoyi.
- Kuchotsa chipangizocho mgalimoto.
- disassembly jenereta (nthawi yomweyo kuthetsa mavuto kumachitika).
- Kusintha kwa ziwalo zowonongeka.
- Msonkhano wa zomangamanga.
- Kukwera pagalimoto.Jenereta ili mu chipinda cha injini kumanja kwa injini
Kuchotsa jenereta m'galimoto
Kuchotsa ntchito kumatenga pafupifupi mphindi 20 ndipo kumafuna zida zochepa:
- wrench yotsegulira ya 10;
- wrench yotsegulira ya 17;
- wrench yotsegulira ya 19;
- kukwera spatula kapena pry bar.
Ndi bwino kuchotsa jenereta m'galimoto pamene injini ikuzizira, chifukwa chipangizocho chimatentha kwambiri pakugwira ntchito. Komanso, muyenera jack mmwamba galimoto pasadakhale ndi kuchotsa kutsogolo gudumu lamanja kuti ndi yabwino ntchito ndi thupi ndi mounts jenereta.
- Chotsani gudumu, onetsetsani kuti galimotoyo ili bwinobwino pa jack.
- Pezani nyumba ya jenereta ndi bar yake yotsekera.
- Gwiritsani ntchito wrench kumasula mtedza wokonzera m'munsi, koma musamasule kwathunthu.Mtedza wapansi uyenera kumasulidwa, koma osasunthika.
- Chotsani nati pa bar, ndikusiyanso pa stud.
- Yendetsani pang'ono nyumba ya jenereta kupita ku injini.
- Panthawiyi, lamba wa alternator adzamasula, kulola kuti achotsedwe ku ma pulleys.Pambuyo pomasula mtedza wonse wokonza, nyumba ya jenereta imatha kusuntha ndipo lamba woyendetsa amachotsedwa pa pulley.
- Lumikizani mawaya onse ku jenereta.
- Chotsani mtedza wotayirira.
- Kokani nyumba ya jenereta kwa inu, chotsani pazitsulo.Kuchotsedwa kwa jenereta kumachitika m'malo osamasuka kwambiri: dalaivala ayenera kugwira ntchito atakhala pansi
Mukangotha kusweka, tikulimbikitsidwa kupukuta malo olumikizirana ndi jenereta ndi nyumba zake, chifukwa malowo amatha kukhala odetsedwa kwambiri pakamagwira ntchito.
Video: kugwetsa jenereta
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Timachotsa chipangizocho
Kukonza jenereta, muyenera disassemble izo. Pa ntchito muyenera:
- wrench yotsegulira ya 19;
- spanner kiyi 19;
- ratchet (mukhoza kuwonjezera chingwe chowonjezera);
- mutu 8;
- mutu 10;
- nyundo yaying'ono.
Ngati disassembly ikuchitika kwa nthawi yoyamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kusaina mbali yomwe idachotsedwa pamakina. Choncho, posonkhanitsa, padzakhala chidaliro chochuluka kuti zonse zachitika molondola. Jenereta imakhala ndi mtedza wambiri, mabawuti ndi ma washers, omwe, ngakhale amafanana ndi mawonekedwe akunja, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muyike zinthu ziti.
Disassembly wa jenereta G-221A ikuchitika motsatira aligorivimu zotsatirazi.
- Chotsani mtedza anayi kuchokera pachivundikiro chakumbuyo cha jenereta, chotsani chivundikirocho.
- Chotsani pulley pomasula mtedza wokonza.Kuti muchotse pulley, m'pofunika kumasula mtedza wokonza ndikuchotsa makina ochapira
- Pambuyo pochotsa pulley, nyumbayo imagawidwa m'magawo awiri: gawo limodzi limachokera ku lina. Rotor iyenera kukhala m'dzanja limodzi, stator mumzake.
- Chotsani pulley kuchokera ku rotor shaft. Ngati pulley ndi yolimba, mukhoza kuigwedeza pang'onopang'ono ndi nyundo.
- Chotsani kutsinde ndi mayendedwe kuchokera ku nyumba ya rotor.
- Kanikizani ma bearings.Ma bearings amathyoledwa mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito chokoka chapadera
- Disassemble stator kwa zida zosinthira, kuyesera kuti asakhudze mapindikidwe.
Mu disassembly, mukhoza kuzindikira nthawi yomweyo mavuto aakulu a mfundo zina. Chifukwa chake, zigawo zonse zomwe zitha kusinthidwa ndi:
- yokutidwa ndi mwaye wamphamvu;
- otopa;
- kukhala ndi notche, ming'alu ndi zopindika pamwamba.
Video: disassembly jenereta
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Kukonza DIY
Njira yokonzetsera jenereta ndikusintha magawo omwe sanadutsepo kuthetseratu mavuto. Kusintha mayendedwe, ma diode, ma windings ndi zigawo zina ndizosavuta: gawo lakale limachotsedwa, latsopano limayikidwa m'malo mwake.
Zida zosinthira kukonzanso jenereta ya VAZ 2107 zitha kugulidwa pafupifupi pagalimoto iliyonse.
Musanayambe kukonza, m'pofunika kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa kugula zinthu zomwe zidzafunikire. Ndizotheka kuti kukonza kwa jenereta yakale sikungakhale kothandiza, chifukwa magawowo adzawononga mtengo wa jenereta yatsopano.
Kanema: kukonza jenereta ya VAZ 2107
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Lamba wa jenereta wa VAZ 2107
Vaz 2107 galimoto anapangidwa kuchokera 1982 mpaka 2012. Poyamba, chitsanzocho chinali ndi lamba wosalala (chitsanzo chakale). Patapita nthawi, "zisanu ndi ziwiri" zinasinthidwa mobwerezabwereza, ndipo chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, jenereta inayamba kugwira ntchito ndi mtundu watsopano wa lamba wokhala ndi mano.
Odziwika kwambiri pakati pa eni magalimoto ndi zinthu za mphira zochokera ku kampani yaku Germany Bosch. Malambawa amagwirizana bwino ndi ntchito ya galimoto yapakhomo ndipo amagwira ntchito nthawi yonse yotchulidwa ndi wopanga.
Manambala apangidwe ndi kukula kwa malamba akuwonetsedwa m'buku lagalimoto lagalimoto:
- 2101-1308020 (malo osalala), miyeso - 10,0x8,0x944,0 mm;
- 2107-1308020 (malo ozungulira), miyeso - 10,7x8,0x944,0 mm.
Momwe mungamangirire lamba pa jenereta
Kugwira ntchito kwa jenereta, komanso pampu yamadzi, makamaka kumadalira kugwedezeka koyenera kwa lamba pa pulley. Choncho, malamulo omwe alipo sanganyalanyazidwe. Lamba amaikidwa ndikumangika motere.
- Ikani jenereta yosonkhanitsidwa m'malo mwa kumangitsa pang'ono mtedza wokonza.
- Tengani pry bar ndikuigwiritsa ntchito kukonza kusiyana pakati pa nyumba ya jenereta ndi mpope.
- Ikani lamba pa pulley.
- Popanda kumasula mphamvu ya phiri, kukoka lamba pa pulley.
- Mangitsani nati kumtunda kuteteza jenereta mpaka itayima.
- Onani kuchuluka kwa lamba - mphira sayenera kugwa, koma kutambasula mwamphamvu sikuyenera kuloledwa.
- Mangitsani nati wokwera wa alternator.Lamba woyendetsa bwino uyenera kusinthasintha pang'ono akakanikizidwa, koma osakhala omasuka kwambiri.
Video: momwe mungamangirire lamba wa alternator
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Kuyang'ana mlingo wa mavuto ikuchitika ndi zala ziwiri. Ndikofunikira kukanikiza mbali yaulere ya lamba ndikuyesa kupotoza kwake. Kupatuka koyenera ndi 1-1,5 centimita.
Choncho, tinganene kuti kudzikonza jenereta pa Vaz 2107 n'zotheka ndipo si m'gulu la ntchito zosatheka. Ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo ndi ma aligorivimu a ntchito inayake kuti akwaniritse kukonza kapena diagnostics m'njira yabwino. Komabe, ngati mukukayikira za luso lanu ndi luso lanu, mutha kutembenukira kwa akatswiri kuti akuthandizeni.