Kuyang'ana majekeseni a injini ya dizilo ndi momwe mungawayeretsere kunyumba

Injini ya dizilo yamkati (ICE) ndi gawo lodalirika kwambiri. Mawonekedwe a injini ya dizilo amatsimikizira kuyika malire achitetezo ngakhale pakukula. Kwenikweni, zovuta zake zonse zomwe zikubwera zimalumikizidwa ndi zida zamafuta. Makamaka, majekeseni amafuta (majekeseni) amakhala amodzi mwazomwe zimalepheretsa.

Zomwe zingakhale zolakwika ndi iwo, tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.

Mfundo ya ntchito ya jekeseni dizilo

Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndi yabwino kwambiri (omwazika) mafuta atomu. Dizilo imagwiritsa ntchito mafuta a dizilo, mosiyana ndi mafuta, ndi osakaniza tizigawo tambiri toyenga mafuta. Ndizosafuna kwambiri kusakaniza ndi mpweya kupanga kugwirizana koyenera kuyaka kwathunthu ndi mofulumira.

Chipangizo chosavuta chimakhala ndi mphuno mtundu wa hydromechanical. Mafuta a dizilo amabwera kwa iwo mosiyana ndi magawo amtundu wa pampu yamafuta apamwamba (TNVD). Kuthamanga kwina kwa pakhomo kukafika panthawi yoyenera, mphuno imatsegulidwa, ndipo mafuta omwe amayezedwa ndi mpope wapamwamba amalowetsedwa m'chipinda choyatsira moto, nthawi yomweyo kupopera madzi m'malovu ang'onoang'ono.

Pambuyo pake, kuthamanga kumatsika ndipo valavu ya jekeseni imatsekedwa ndi kasupe wobwerera. Ntchito yamagulu awiri ndi yotheka, pamene gawo laling'ono loyendetsa mafuta a dizilo limaperekedwa koyamba, pambuyo pake kasupe wachiwiri amatsegulidwa, ndipo mtengo waukulu wa mafuta umaperekedwa kwa atomizer. Izi zimathandizira magwiridwe antchito a injini.

Dongosolo lotsogola kwambiri la jekeseni lakhala bungwe lake pa mfundo ya njanji yodziwika bwino, yomwe imatchedwa Njanji wamba. Pano, pampu yamafuta othamanga kwambiri imapanga kukakamiza kofunikira pa nozzles zonse panthawi imodzimodzi, ndipo imayambitsidwa pa nthawi yoyenera ndi chizindikiro chamagetsi kuchokera ku unit control unit.

Zinakhala zotheka kugawira molondola kusakaniza pa masilindala, kutsekemera kosalala chifukwa cha kudyetsa kangapo mkati mwa mkombero umodzi ndi kuyaka kwapamwamba kwa mafuta a dizilo ndi ntchito yofewa ya injini. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kukhalapo kwa electromagnet mu jekeseni iliyonse, yomwe imayendetsa valve yotseka.

Chotsatira chinali maonekedwe piezoelectric actuator kwa singano ya spray. Zotsatira zakusintha miyeso yawo ya geometric ndi makristasi ena pamene magetsi amagetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa iwo.

Mosiyana ndi ma electromagnetic drive, bungwe loterolo limakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera kuthamanga kwa ma valve. Zinakhala zotheka kuonjezera chiwerengero cha magawo amafuta omwe amaperekedwa pa silinda ya silinda. Muyesowu unakakamizika chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kofunikira kuti ma injini a dizilo akhale ogwirizana ndi chilengedwe. Ma nozzles oterowo amadziwika ndi mtengo wapamwamba komanso wosakonzedwanso.

Kalasi yosiyana ndi otchedwa jekeseni pompa. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi kusakhalapo kwa pampu yamafuta othamanga kwambiri m'dongosolo, gawo lake limapangidwa ndi makina amakamera a camshaft pagulu la plunger lomwe limapangidwa mu jekeseni iliyonse yamafuta.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri chifukwa cha zolakwika zingapo. Pazabwino apa, kusakhalapo kwa mpope wamba wothamanga kwambiri, womwe umathandizira zida.

Zizindikiro za kusokonekera

Pali zifukwa zitatu zomwe zimalepheretsa kulephera:

• kuchulukana kwa jekeseni (kusefukira);
• kuchepetsa khalidwe la mafuta atomization;
• kuchepetsa ntchito ya sprayers payekha.

Kunja, izi zidzawoneka pafupifupi zofanana, ngakhale kuti kuwunika mozama kwa vuto lililonse kungathe kuwonetsa pafupifupi vutolo.

1. Kutulutsa kwa injini kumasintha, ndipo mphamvu zake zimatha kugwa ndikuwonjezeka.
2. Injini imayamba mosakhazikika ndipo imagwira ntchito movutikira.
3. Poyenda, ma jerk owoneka bwino ndi ma pickups amatha kuwoneka ndi malo omwewo a accelerator pedal.
4. Phokoso la injini lidzasintha, kuuma, kugwedezeka komanso kugogoda m'masilinda kudzawonekera.
5. Injini idzayamba kusuta, utsiwo udzasanduka wakuda, zomwe zikuwonetsa kutulutsidwa kwa mwaye - zotsalira zamafuta a hydrocarbon osawotchedwa.
6. Mulingo wamafuta mu crankcase udzayamba kukwera chifukwa cha kulowetsedwa kwamafuta ochulukirapo a dizilo pamenepo.
7. Injini yamakono yoyaka mkati idzawona kusagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito kufufuza kwamkati ndikuyatsa nyali yochenjeza pa gulu la zida.

Mulimonsemo, kumveketsa zifukwa adzafuna munthu diagnostics wa jekeseni.

Diagnostics a jekeseni kunyumba

Ndi mlingo wina wolondola, ndizotheka kuwerengera chipangizo cholakwika mu garaja. Choyamba muyenera kudziwa malo enieni a jekeseni wokayikitsa.

Liwiro la injini ya dizilo idling imayikidwa ndikukhazikika m'njira yoti mayendedwe ake osagwirizana adziwonetsere bwino momwe angathere. Kenaka, mwa njira imodzi yoyenera, kuthamanga kwa mafuta kumachotsedwa pamphuno, komwe kumangirira kolowera kumamasulidwa. Injector yogwiritsidwa ntchito imapangitsa kuti injiniyo iwoneke bwino kuposa yomwe ili ndi zopotoka.

Momwe mungadziwire majekeseni ndi manja anu? Rubriki yolimbana ndi zovuta!

Pa jekeseni wamagetsi, mutha kuyeza kukana kwa mafunde a solenoid ndi ma multimeter. Mtengo wake ukhoza kukhala kuchokera ku mayunitsi a ohms mpaka makumi awiri, ndendende mutha kudziwa kuchokera pazolembedwa za chipangizo china. Mulimonsemo, kupuma kumatanthawuza kulephera kwathunthu kwa koyilo.

Pa ma nozzles osavuta kwambiri a hydromechanical, mutha kuyeza kuthamanga koyambira kotsegulira valavu pogwiritsa ntchito tee, choyezera kuthamanga, ndi gawo lodziwika bwino lowongolera. Kusintha kwa ma calibrations a kasupe ndikotheka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbali ya jakisoni ipatukane.

Yang'anirani kusefukira (kubwerera kukhetsa)

M'dongosolo la Common Rail, jekeseni imayendetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito valavu yapadera yowunikira, kutsegulira komwe kumapanga kutsika kofunikira pazitsulo zazikulu za valve, zomwe zimatsegulanso ndikupereka silinda.

Kuvala ndi kuipitsidwa kumayambitsa mafuta ochulukirapo kuti alowe mumzere wobwerera ndipo kuthamanga kwa njanji kumatsika. Galimoto imayamba ndi zovuta kwambiri.

Kuti muwone, ma hoses obwerera amachotsedwa ku nozzles zonse, ndipo mabotolo owoneka bwino a ma syringe azachipatala okhala ndi machubu a dropper system amayikidwa m'malo mwake. Injini ikasiya kugwira ntchito, ma nozzles omwe amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito amatulutsa mafuta ochepa pamzere wobwerera, nthawi zambiri mamililita angapo pamphindi.

Wolakwika adzapereka kangapo, mtengo wake umadalira mtundu wa chipangizocho ndi injini, koma ngati zochulukirapo kuposa zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi katatu kapena kupitilira apo, phokosolo liyenera kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa.

Diagnostic stand

Malo abwino oyesera jekeseni ali ndi mayeso achizolowezi omwe, kuwonjezera pa zowunikira, amatha kuzindikira zolakwika zambiri.

Mayeso osavuta a benchi amapangidwa kuti asunge mphamvu ya nozzle, komanso kuipitsidwa kwake ndi kuvala. Maonekedwe a nyaliyo amawunikidwa mowonekera popopera mankhwala amadzimadzi. Maluso ofunikira a chipangizocho amatsimikiziridwa, ngati sakukwaniritsidwa, jekeseni imakanidwa momveka bwino.

Mayesero ovuta kwambiri amatsimikizira ngati gawo lomwe likuyesedwa ndiloyenera kugwira ntchito m'njira zonse kuchokera ku zopanda pake mpaka ku mphamvu yaikulu, yang'anani kuthamanga kwa ma valve mu njira zopangira jekeseni, komanso momwe ma valve akuyendera.

Iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yodziwira momwe zinthu zilili komanso momwe mungakwaniritsire zomwe zikuchitika panopa kuti mukhale ochezeka ndi chilengedwe, komanso kuneneratu zotsalira. Chotsatira cha ntchito ya katswiri woyimilira chidzakhala kulembera kwa chikhalidwe chovomerezeka cha jekeseni.

Zida zapadera

Ntchito za ma injectors zitha kufufuzidwanso ndi makhazikitsidwe apadera.

Mwachitsanzo, majekeseni a hydro-mechanical akhoza kuyesedwa ndi chipangizo chomwe chimapanga mphamvu ya mafuta yomwe valve iyenera kutsegulidwa ndikuonetsetsa kuti ili mkati mwa malire omwe atchulidwa. Chipangizocho chimakhala ndi mpope wamanja ndi choyezera kuthamanga.

Palinso mapangidwe ovuta kwambiri, onse ophatikizidwa mu testers dizilo ndi autonomous. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi pampu yamanja kapena yamagetsi ya jakisoni, chowonjezera cha hydraulic, zida zoyezera, ndi ma flasks owonekera kuti aziwongolera. Zotsika mtengo zodzipangira zokha.

Kuyeretsa jekeseni wa dizilo

Atawunika kukhalapo kwa vuto, nthawi zina ndizotheka kubwezeretsa magwiridwe antchito mwa kuyeretsa kapena kukonzanso kwapakatikati mwazovuta. Zimaloledwa kuchotsa kuipitsidwa ndi njira zamakina ndi makina.

Ultrasound

Kuwonetsedwa ndi kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kwapang'onopang'ono kumakhala kothandiza, nthawi zambiri ngakhale zolemba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafakitale ndi utoto wapadera nthawi zambiri zimatsukidwa kuzigawozo.

The anachotsa nozzle aikidwa mu kusamba wodzazidwa ndi kuyeretsa madzi, amene wamphamvu ultrasound emitter chikugwirizana. Kuyeretsa kumatenga pafupifupi mphindi 20, kenako zotsatira zake zimayang'aniridwa pachoyimilira.

Ma nozzles amakono, omwe ali ndi zigawo zambiri zapulasitiki zofewa, amatha kugwira ntchito moyipa kwambiri kuposa asanayeretsedwe, chifukwa chake amafunika kuyang'anitsitsa magawo onse, osati mtundu wa nyali wokha.

Kuyeretsa poyimilira

Madzi otsekemera apadera amatsanuliridwa pansi pa kupanikizika kudzera mu jekeseni woipitsidwa, yomwe imakhala yosungunulira kwambiri.

Iyi ndiyo njira yodalirika yoyeretsera, popeza gawolo silimakhudzidwa ndi zowononga zilizonse, ndipo chirichonse chimayang'ana pa kutha kwa madipoziti ndi zonyansa.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pogwiritsa ntchito choyimira chomwecho, zotsatira za ntchitoyo zimayang'aniridwa, pambuyo pake zidzatheka kupanga chisankho cholondola kwambiri chotheka kugwiritsa ntchito sprayers.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera

Zogulitsa pali zowonjezera zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana za zida za dizilo zomwe zimagwira ntchito pongowonjezera pamafuta.

Kuchita bwino kwa njirayi ndikokayikitsa, chifukwa zinthu zotere zilipo kale mumafuta apamwamba kwambiri a dizilo ndipo, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mosalekeza, sizimalola kuwoneka kwa madipoziti. Ndipo ndizovuta kutsuka zomwe zilipo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zigawo za detergent.

Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kukhala ndi zotsatira zotsutsana ndi dongosolo loipitsidwa kwambiri, pamene zigawo zazikuluzikulu zimapatukana ndikugwera m'mabotolo, kuzitsekereza kwathunthu. Komabe, zotsatira zabwino sizimachotsedwanso.

Njira yamanja

Itha kuchitidwa ndi disassembly wa nozzle ndi kutsanulira madzi oyeretsera kudzera mmenemo. Pamapeto pake, izi sizili kanthu koma zovuta, sizili zosiyana ndi kutsuka pazitsulo.

Dziyeseni nokha kuyeretsa ma nozzles. Zopanga tomwe zimayimira kuyeretsa nozzles

Pamene disassembling nozzle, kumene structural analola, mukhoza kuyeretsa ndi pogaya mavavu, kuchotsa dothi umakaniko kufikika mbali, ngakhale kuyeretsa nozzle mabowo ndi wofewa waya.

Chinthu chachikulu ndikusamala mokwanira, poganizira kulondola kwatsatanetsatane wazinthu zonse. Pakutsuka, madzi omwewo poyeretsa majekeseni amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Momwe mungakulitsire moyo wa zida zoperekera mafuta

Zida zamafuta zama injini za dizilo, kupatula zakale kwambiri, zimapangidwira mafuta apamwamba kwambiri.

1. Muyenera kuwonjezera mafuta a dizilo abwino kwambiri, opangidwira makina amakono amagetsi onyamula anthu.
2. Kulowetsedwa kwamadzi ndikosavomerezeka, zomwe zingayambitse dzimbiri nthawi yomweyo ndipo zimafuna kukonzanso kokwera mtengo.
3. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira momwe zosefera ndi akasinja a sedimentation, kuzisintha munthawi yake ndikuzisunga molingana ndi malangizo, ndipo moyenera, kuwunika pafupipafupi komanso kutsuka kodziletsa ndikuchotsa muutumiki wapadera wa dizilo kuyenera kuchitika.

Momwe mungakulitsire moyo wautumiki wamapampu othamanga kwambiri pamainjini a dizilo.

Kuonjezera apo, izi zidzathandizanso kupewa mavuto ndi kuchotsa ndi kuyika zolumikizira zomata, zomwe zingayambitse ndalama zambiri.