Mabatire othamanga: chonde nditsanulire ma elekitironi!
Asayansi ochokera ku Fraunhofer Institute ku Germany akuchita ntchito yayikulu yachitukuko m'mabatire amagetsi, osagwirizana ndi akale. Ndi ukadaulo wa redox flow, njira yosungira magetsi ndiyosiyana kwambiri ...
Mabatire, omwe amapangidwa ndi madzi ngati mafuta, amatsanulira mgalimoto yokhala ndi mafuta kapena injini ya dizilo. Zitha kumveka zopanda pake, koma kwa Jens Noack wa Fraunhofer Institute ku Pfinztal, Germany, uwu ndiye moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Kuyambira 2007, gulu lachitukuko lomwe akukhudzidwa nalo lakhala likupanga mtundu wachilendowu wa batri yothekanso kubweza. M'malo mwake, lingaliro lakuyenda-kapena komwe kumatchedwa kuthamanga-kudzera pa batri ya redox silovuta, ndipo chivomerezo choyamba m'derali chimayambira 1949. Iliyonse yamasamba awiriwa, olekanitsidwa ndi nembanemba (yofanana ndi maselo amafuta), amalumikizidwa ku nkhokwe yomwe ili ndi electrolyte inayake. Chifukwa cha chizolowezi cha zinthu zomwe zimagwirana wina ndi mnzake, ma proton amasuntha kuchokera ku electrolyte kupita ku ina kudzera mu nembanemba, ndipo ma elekitironi amalunjikitsidwa kudzera mwa ogula omwe alumikizidwa ndi magawo awiriwo, chifukwa chake magetsi amayenda. Pakapita nthawi, akasinja awiri amatsanulidwa ndipo amadzazidwa ndi ma electrolyte atsopano, ndipo omwe agwiritsidwa ntchitowo "amapangidwanso" m'malo omwe amalipiritsa.
Ngakhale kuti zonsezi zikuwoneka bwino, mwatsoka pali zopinga zambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mtundu uwu wa batire m'magalimoto. Kuchulukitsitsa kwamphamvu kwa batri ya vanadium electrolyte redox kumakhala mumtundu wa 30 Wh pa kilogalamu imodzi, yomwe ili yofanana ndi batire ya asidi wotsogolera. Kusunga mphamvu yofanana ndi batire yamakono ya 16 kWh lithiamu-ion, pamlingo wamakono waukadaulo wa redox, batire imafunikira malita 500 a electrolyte. Komanso zotumphukira zonse, ndithudi, voliyumu yomwe ilinso yayikulu - khola lofunikira kuti lipereke mphamvu ya kilowatt imodzi, ngati bokosi la mowa.
Zida zotere sizoyenera magalimoto, popeza batire ya lithiamu-ion imasunga mphamvu zowonjezera zinayi pa kilogalamu. Komabe, a Jens Noack ali ndi chiyembekezo, chifukwa zomwe zikuchitika mderali zikuyamba kumene ndipo chiyembekezo chikulonjeza. Mu labotale, omwe amatchedwa vanadium polysulfide bromide mabatire amakwaniritsa mphamvu ya 70 Wh pa kilogalamu ndipo amafanana mofanana ndi mabatire a nickel metal hydride omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Toyota Prius.
Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa akasinja theka. Chifukwa cha njira yotsika mtengo komanso yotsika mtengo (mapampu awiri amapopera ma electrolyte atsopano, awiri amayamwa ma electrolyte omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito), dongosololi limatha kulipitsidwa mphindi khumi kuti lipereke ma 100 km osiyanasiyana. Ngakhale makina othamanga mwachangu ngati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Tesla Roadster amakhala nthawi yayitali kasanu ndi kamodzi.
Pachifukwa ichi, sizosadabwitsa kuti makampani ambiri amagalimoto adatembenukira ku kafukufuku wa Institute, ndipo boma la Baden-Württemberg linapereka ma euro 1,5 miliyoni kuti apite patsogolo. Komabe, zitenga nthawi kuti zifike gawo laukadaulo wamagalimoto. "Batire yamtundu uwu imatha kugwira ntchito bwino ndi makina amagetsi osasunthika, ndipo tikupanga kale malo oyesera a Bundeswehr. Komabe, pankhani yamagalimoto amagetsi, ukadaulo uwu ukhala woyenera kukhazikitsidwa pafupifupi zaka khumi, "adatero Noak.
Zida zakunja sizofunikira pakupanga mabatire oyenda-kudzera muma redox. Palibe zofunikira zodula monga platinamu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maselo amafuta kapena ma polima monga ma batri a lithiamu ion omwe amafunikira. Mtengo wokwera wama labotale, wofika ma euro 2000 pa kilowatt yamphamvu, zimangotengera kuti ndiopangidwa ndipo amapangidwa ndi manja.
Panthawiyi, akatswiri a bungweli akukonzekera kumanga munda wawo wamphepo, kumene kulipiritsa, ndiko kuti, kutaya electrolyte, kudzachitika. Ndi kutuluka kwa redox, njirayi ndiyothandiza kwambiri kuposa kuthira madzi mu haidrojeni ndi okosijeni ndikuwagwiritsa ntchito m'maselo amafuta - mabatire apompopompo amapereka 75 peresenti yamagetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polipira.
Titha kuyerekezera malo opangira ma driver omwe, kuphatikizira kulipiritsa kwachizolowezi kwamagalimoto amagetsi, amatumizirana motsutsana ndi kuchuluka kwamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, masiku ano makina ambiri amphepo kumpoto kwa Germany amayenera kuzimitsidwa ngakhale kuli mphepo, apo ayi amangodzaza gululi.
Ponena za chitetezo, palibe chowopsa pano. “Mukasakaniza ma electrolyte awiri, pamakhala gawo lalifupi lamankhwala lomwe limapereka kutentha ndipo kutentha kumafika mpaka madigiri 80, koma palibe china chomwe chimachitika. Zachidziwikire, zakumwa zina sizabwino, komanso mafuta ndi dizilo. Ngakhale kuthekera kozungulira-kudzera m'mabatire a redox, ofufuza ku Fraunhofer Institute nawonso ali olimbikira pantchito yopanga ukadaulo wa lithiamu-ion ...
mawu: Alexander Bloch
Redox otaya batire
Batire yothamanga ya redox kwenikweni ndi mtanda pakati pa batire wamba ndi cell yamafuta. Magetsi amayenda chifukwa cha kuyanjana pakati pa ma electrolyte awiri - imodzi yolumikizidwa kumtengo wabwino wa cell ndi winayo woyipa. Pankhaniyi, wina amapereka ma ion opangidwa bwino (oxidation), ndipo winayo amawalandira (kuchepetsa), motero dzina la chipangizocho. Pamene mulingo wina wa machulukitsidwe wafika, zomwe zimayima ndikulipiritsa kumakhala m'malo mwa ma electrolyte ndi atsopano. Ogwira ntchito amabwezeretsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira.
