Zosavuta pamapangidwe ndi injini yotsika mtengo yapawiri - mfundo yogwira ntchito ndi mikwingwirima iwiri. Kodi zimasiyana bwanji ndi injini ya njinga zamoto zinayi? Kodi muli ndi dizilo ya XNUMX stroke?

Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, injini ya sitiroko ziwiri imakhala ndi mikombero iwiri pa mkombero. Ndi za kupsinjika ndi ntchito. Mapangidwe amikwingwirima anayi amakhalanso ndi kudya komanso kutulutsa. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mayunitsi amagetsi iyi idathandizira kuphweka kwawo poyerekeza ndi mapangidwe a injini zamagulu anayi. Komabe, ili ndi zovuta zake. Kodi ilinso ndi phindu? Kodi ndizofunikirabe kuyika injini zotere? Tipereka mayankho omveka bwino ku mafunso awa!

Injini yokhala ndi mikwingwirima iwiri - kapangidwe kake

Mu injini iliyonse ya pisitoni, chipinda choyaka moto chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri, ndipo izi ndizosiyana. Mkati mwa chipindacho, pisitoni yomwe ili pa ndodo yolumikizira imabwereranso. Injini yokhala ndi mikwingwirima iwiri nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi carburetor, ngakhale pali magawo omwe ali ndi jekeseni wamagetsi amagetsi. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi crankcase, yomwe imapanga vacuum ndi kayendedwe ka chinthu choyaka. Mu 2-sitiroko injini kuyaka mkati, ndithudi, pali silinda mutu. Palinso njira zolowera, zokakamiza komanso zotuluka. Makandulo amaikidwanso m'mutu.

Ndi chiyani chomwe chikusoweka mu injini ya sitiroko ziwiri? Kodi ili ndi nthawi yofanana ndi injini ya sitiroko inayi?

Poyerekeza ndi injini ya sitiroko zinayi, injini ya sitiroko iwiri ilibe zigawo zingapo zofunika. Ndi za:

• valavu ya silinda;
• wosonkhanitsa mafuta;
• ndondomeko ya nthawi.

Nchifukwa chiyani zinthu izi sizikupezeka mumagulu ofotokozedwawo? Mavavu safunikira chifukwa kuyenda kwa pisitoni kuli ndi udindo wotseka ndi kutsegula madoko olowera ndi kutulutsa. Kawirikawiri kupezeka kwawo sikofunikira. Sump yamafuta sikufunika, chifukwa magawo omwe amagwira ntchito amathiridwa ndi mafuta omwe ali mumafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya. Nthawi sidziwikanso kuchokera ku 4-stroke mayunitsi, chifukwa ndiyosavuta momwe mungathere.

Mfundo ya ntchito ya injini ziwiri sitiroko - kufotokoza

Kuti injini yamitundu iwiri igwire ntchito yake, iyenera kulandira mphamvu. Kuzungulira kwa ntchito kumayambira pa BDC ya piston. Pamene ikupita pansi, vacuum imapangidwa mu crankcase yodzazidwa ndi kusakaniza. Pamene pisitoni ikukwera mmwamba, ma doko otulutsa ndi olowera amatsekedwa. Panthawi imeneyi, osakaniza ndi wothinikizidwa ndi anayaka. Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani piston ikadutsa TDC? Imayendetsedwa pansi ndipo njira yotulutsa mpweya imatsegulidwa, yomwe mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umatuluka kunja. Mipweya yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa mu crankcase imatulutsa zochuluka kuchokera m'chipinda choyaka, ndikuyeretsa ngalande yotulutsa mpweya.

Ubwino wa injini yokhala ndi sitiroko ziwiri ndi chiyani?

M'magalimoto ena, ma injini a sitiroko awiri ndi otchuka chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake. Zotsatira zake, mbali zambiri siziyenera kupangidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtengo wopangira ukhale wotsika. Kuonjezera apo, mayunitsi omwe akugwira ntchito muzitsulo ziwiri, monga lamulo, amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso torque. Kuperewera kwa poto yamafuta kumatanthauza kuti amatha kugwira ntchito iliyonse, osati yoyima. Kuyambitsa injini yotere ndikosavuta kwambiri. Chigawochi chimafika mofulumira kutentha kwa ntchito, chomwe ndi ubwino wina.

Zoyipa Zochepa za Ma injini Awiri-Stroke

Chifukwa chake, ngati mayunitsi a 2T (ndiwo momwe zikwapu ziwiri zimatchedwa) zili ndi zabwino zambiri zodziwikiratu, chifukwa chiyani zimagawidwa molakwika? Chifukwa chachikulu ndi zifukwa zachilengedwe. Injini ya 4-stroke imawotcha mafuta ochulukirapo kuposa injini ya XNUMX-stroke ndipo imatulutsa mpweya woipa kwambiri. Ogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amayembekezeranso kugwira ntchito mwakachetechete (kupatula magawo amasewera). Kumbali inayi, mitundu iwiri ya sitiroko imakhala yaphokoso, ndipo izi ndizochepa kwambiri kwa eni magalimoto.

Dizilo wamitundu iwiri - ndizotheka?

Injini ya dizilo sidzakhalanso mikwingwirima iwiri. Pali zinthu ziwiri zomwe zimasiyanitsa injini ya dizilo ndi injini ya dizilo. Injini yoyamba imathanso kuthamanga pamafuta a dizilo m'mizere iwiri. Komabe, kuzungulira kwa dizilo kumakhala ndi masinthidwe anayi: awiri adiabatic, isochoric ndi isobaric. Choncho, khalidwe dizilo mkombero ndi zotheka 4-sitiroko mayunitsi. Awiri dizilo? Ayi. Awiri dizilo? Inde.

Injini yokhala ndi mikwingwirima iwiri - ingagwiritse ntchito mafuta otani?

Mapangidwe osangalatsa ndi gawo lochokera ku Cummins ndi Achates. Chigawo chamagetsi ndi injini yokhala ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yokhala ndi ma pistoni 4 a masilinda 8. Zimayenda moyang'anizana ndi zinzake, ndipo zonse zimayendera pamafuta a dizilo. Komabe, pambuyo zosintha zazing'ono, injini ziwiri sitiroko akhoza kuthamanga pa mafuta, gasi kapena haidrojeni. M'mbuyomu, mapangidwe apakati apakati ankagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi mowa ndi palafini.

Ndingapeze kuti sitiroko ziwiri?

Lero mupeza injini yamitundu iwiri mu:

• otchetcha;
• ma scooters;
• njinga zamoto zazing'ono;
• macheka mafuta. 

Chochititsa chidwi, gawo lamphamvu kwambiri padziko lapansi la Wartsila-Sulzer RTA96-C lilinso ndi injini yapawiri ndipo imapanga 109 hp. Komabe, simungathe kukumana naye, chifukwa ntchito yake ndikuwongolera zombo zapamadzi. Chochititsa chidwi china ndi chakuti chipangizochi chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya Common Rail power system. Dongosololi linathandizira kuchepetsa kwambiri mpweya woipa komanso zotsatira zabwino pakupanga.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bwino injini yamitundu iwiri?

Kodi muli ndi chodulira maburashi, njinga yamoto yovundikira kapena njinga yamoto yokhala ndi injini yamitundu iwiri? Chofunika kwambiri ndi kusankha mafuta. Gwiritsani ntchito zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa ndi chipangizo kapena makina opanga makina. Ndikofunikiranso kwambiri kuti injini yamagetsi awiri imayendetsedwa mumafuta amafuta osakaniza ndi chiŵerengero chosiyana ndi nthawi yogwira ntchito. Apo ayi, kulimba kwa zinthu zotsutsana mu injini kudzachepa kwambiri.

Pamene ntchito injini 2T m`pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito osakaniza pasanathe masiku 14. Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, mafuta omwe ali mu petulo amasintha momwe amapangira mafuta ndipo amachititsa kuti injini ikhale yowonjezereka.Kodi injini ya sitiroko ziwiri idzabwerera? Chitsanzo cha mapangidwe a Cummins ndi Achates ndi umboni wakuti injini za sitiroko ziwiri sizinafe. Kuonjezera apo, adzapitirizabe kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina amphamvu amadzi ndi magalimoto ang'onoang'ono ogwira ntchito ndi njinga zamoto. Chifukwa cha izi, zimakhala zovuta kuyembekezera zowawa zawo zomaliza. Koma kodi adzabwerera ku magalimoto mpaka kalekale? Ndizovuta kunena motsimikiza, koma phokoso lomwe amapanga nthawi zambiri limatseka opanga ndi oyendetsa.

Injini yokhala ndi mikwingwirima iwiri - kapangidwe kake

Mu injini iliyonse ya pisitoni, chipinda choyaka moto chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri, ndipo izi ndizosiyana. Mkati mwa chipindacho, pisitoni yomwe ili pa ndodo yolumikizira imabwereranso. Injini yokhala ndi mikwingwirima iwiri nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi carburetor, ngakhale pali magawo omwe ali ndi jekeseni wamagetsi amagetsi. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi crankcase, yomwe imapanga vacuum ndi kayendedwe ka chinthu choyaka. Mu 2-sitiroko injini kuyaka mkati, ndithudi, pali silinda mutu. Palinso njira zolowera, zokakamiza komanso zotuluka. Makandulo amaikidwanso m'mutu.

Ndi chiyani chomwe chikusoweka mu injini ya sitiroko ziwiri?

Poyerekeza ndi injini ya 4-stroke, injini ya XNUMX-stroke ilibe zigawo zingapo zofunika. Ndi za:

• valavu ya silinda;
• wosonkhanitsa mafuta;
• ndondomeko ya nthawi.

Nchifukwa chiyani zinthu izi sizikupezeka mumagulu ofotokozedwawo? Mavavu safunikira chifukwa pisitoni ili ndi udindo wotseka ndi kutsegula madoko olowera ndi kutulutsa. Kawirikawiri kupezeka kwawo sikofunikira. Sump yamafuta sikufunika, chifukwa magawo omwe amagwira ntchito amathiridwa ndi mafuta omwe ali mumafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya. Nthawi sidziwikanso kuchokera ku 4-stroke mayunitsi, chifukwa ndiyosavuta momwe mungathere.

Mfundo ya ntchito ya injini ziwiri sitiroko - kufotokoza

Kuti injini yamitundu iwiri igwire ntchito yake, iyenera kulandira mphamvu. Kuzungulira kwa ntchito kumayambira pa BDC ya piston. Pamene ikupita pansi, vacuum imapangidwa mu crankcase yodzazidwa ndi kusakaniza. Pamene pisitoni ikukwera mmwamba, ma doko otulutsa ndi olowera amatsekedwa. Panthawi imeneyi, osakaniza ndi wothinikizidwa ndi anayaka. Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani piston ikadutsa TDC? Imayendetsedwa pansi ndipo njira yotulutsa mpweya imatsegulidwa, yomwe mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umatuluka kunja. Mipweya yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa mu crankcase imatulutsa zochuluka kuchokera m'chipinda choyaka, ndikuyeretsa ngalande yotulutsa mpweya.

Ubwino wa injini yokhala ndi sitiroko ziwiri ndi chiyani?

M'magalimoto ena, ma injini a sitiroko awiri ndi otchuka chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake. Zotsatira zake, mbali zambiri siziyenera kupangidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtengo wopangira ukhale wotsika. Kuonjezera apo, mayunitsi omwe akugwira ntchito muzitsulo ziwiri, monga lamulo, amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso torque. Kuperewera kwa poto yamafuta kumatanthauza kuti amatha kugwira ntchito iliyonse, osati yoyima. Kuyambitsa injini yotere ndikosavuta kwambiri. Chigawochi chimafika mofulumira kutentha kwa ntchito, chomwe ndi ubwino wina.

Zoyipa Zochepa za Ma injini Awiri-Stroke

Chifukwa chake, ngati mayunitsi a 2T (ndiwo momwe zikwapu ziwiri zimatchedwa) zili ndi zabwino zambiri zodziwikiratu, chifukwa chiyani zimagawidwa molakwika? Chifukwa chachikulu ndi zifukwa zachilengedwe. Injini ya 4-stroke imawotcha mafuta ochulukirapo kuposa injini ya XNUMX-stroke ndipo imatulutsa mpweya woipa kwambiri. Ogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amayembekezeranso kugwira ntchito mwakachetechete (kupatula magawo amasewera). Kumbali inayi, mitundu iwiri ya sitiroko imakhala yaphokoso, ndipo izi ndizochepa kwambiri kwa eni magalimoto.

Dizilo wamitundu iwiri - ndizotheka?

Injini ya dizilo sidzakhalanso mikwingwirima iwiri. Pali zinthu ziwiri zomwe zimasiyanitsa injini ya dizilo ndi injini ya dizilo. Woyamba wa iwo, chifukwa cha mafuta a dizilo, amathanso kugwira ntchito m'njira ziwiri. Komabe, kuzungulira kwa dizilo kumakhala ndi masinthidwe anayi: awiri adiabatic, isochoric ndi isobaric. Choncho, khalidwe dizilo mkombero ndi zotheka 4-sitiroko mayunitsi. Awiri dizilo? Ayi. Awiri dizilo? Inde.

Injini yokhala ndi mikwingwirima iwiri - ingagwiritse ntchito mafuta otani?

Mapangidwe osangalatsa ndi gawo lochokera ku Cummins ndi Achates. Chigawo chamagetsi ndi injini yokhala ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yokhala ndi ma pistoni 4 a masilinda 8. Zimayenda moyang'anizana ndi zinzake, ndipo zonse zimayendera pamafuta a dizilo. Komabe, pambuyo zosintha zazing'ono, injini ziwiri sitiroko akhoza kuthamanga pa mafuta, gasi kapena haidrojeni. M'mbuyomu, mapangidwe apakati apakati ankagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi mowa ndi palafini.

Kodi ndingapeze kuti injini ziwiri za sitiroko?

Lero mupeza injini yamitundu iwiri mu:

• otchetcha;
• ma scooters;
• njinga zamoto zazing'ono;
• macheka mafuta. 

Chochititsa chidwi, gawo lamphamvu kwambiri padziko lapansi la Wartsila-Sulzer RTA96-C lilinso ndi injini yapawiri ndipo imapanga 109 hp. Komabe, simungathe kukumana naye, chifukwa ntchito yake ndikuwongolera zombo zapamadzi. Chochititsa chidwi china ndi chakuti chipangizochi chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya Common Rail power system. Dongosololi linathandizira kuchepetsa kwambiri mpweya woipa komanso zotsatira zabwino pakupanga.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bwino injini yamitundu iwiri?

Kodi muli ndi chodulira maburashi, njinga yamoto yovundikira kapena njinga yamoto yokhala ndi injini yamitundu iwiri? Chofunika kwambiri ndi kusankha mafuta. Gwiritsani ntchito zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa ndi chipangizo kapena makina opanga makina. Ndikofunikiranso kwambiri kuti injini yamagetsi awiri imayendetsedwa mumafuta amafuta osakaniza ndi chiŵerengero chosiyana ndi nthawi yogwira ntchito. Apo ayi, kulimba kwa zinthu zotsutsana mu injini kudzachepa kwambiri.

Pamene ntchito injini 2T m`pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito osakaniza pasanathe masiku 14. Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, mafuta omwe ali mu petulo amasintha momwe amapangira mafuta ndipo amachititsa kuti injini ikhale yowonjezereka.Kodi injini ya sitiroko ziwiri idzabwerera? Chitsanzo cha mapangidwe a Cummins ndi Achates ndi umboni wakuti injini za sitiroko ziwiri sizinafe. Kuonjezera apo, adzapitirizabe kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina amphamvu amadzi ndi magalimoto ang'onoang'ono ogwira ntchito ndi njinga zamoto. Chifukwa cha izi, zimakhala zovuta kuyembekezera zowawa zawo zomaliza. Koma kodi adzabwerera ku magalimoto mpaka kalekale? Ndizovuta kunena motsimikiza, koma phokoso lomwe amapanga nthawi zambiri limatseka opanga ndi oyendetsa.