Ntchito yophonya. Great Alaska-class cruisers part 2

Sitima yapamadzi yayikulu ya USS Alaska paulendo wophunzitsira mu Ogasiti 1944. NHHC

Zombo zomwe zikuganiziridwa apa zinali za gulu losasinthika la 10 ntchito zofananira kapena zochepa zokhala ndi mawonekedwe omwe amasiyana kwambiri ndi zombo zankhondo zothamanga kwambiri za 30s ndi 40s. Zina zinali ngati zombo zazing'ono zankhondo (mtundu wa German Deutschland) kapena oyendetsa sitima zolemetsa (monga Soviet Ch project), zina zinali zotsika mtengo komanso zofooka zankhondo zothamanga (French Dunkirk ndi Strasbourg pair ndi German Scharnhorst "ndi" Gneisenau ") . Zombo zosagulitsidwa kapena zosamalizidwa zinali: zida zankhondo zaku Germany O, P ndi Q, zida zankhondo zaku Soviet Kronstadt ndi Stalingrad, zida zankhondo zaku Dutch za 1940, komanso zombo zaku Japan zomwe zidakonzedwa B-64 ndi B-65, zofanana kwambiri ndi Alaska class ". M'chigawo chino cha nkhaniyi, tiwona mbiri ya ntchito za oyendetsa sitima zazikuluzikuluzikulu, zomwe ziyenera kunenedwa momveka bwino, zinali zolakwika ndi US Navy.

Chitsanzo cha apaulendo atsopano, otchedwa CB 1, adayikidwa pa Disembala 17, 1941 pamalo osungiramo zombo zapamadzi ku New York ku Camden - patangotha ​​​​masiku 10 kuukira kwa Pearl Harbor. Gulu latsopano la zombozi linatchedwa ndi madera omwe ankadalira madera a United States, omwe ankawasiyanitsa ndi zombo zankhondo zotchedwa states kapena cruisers zotchedwa mizinda. Chigawo cha prototype chinatchedwa Alaska.

Mu 1942, kuthekera kosintha oyendetsa ndege atsopano kukhala onyamulira ndege kudaganiziridwa. Chojambula choyambirira chokha chinapangidwa, kukumbukira zonyamulira ndege za Essex, zokhala ndi bolodi lotsika, zokwera ndege ziwiri zokha, ndi sitima yapamtunda yowuluka yomwe idapititsidwa ku doko (kuwongolera kulemera kwa zida zapamwamba komanso zapakati pamfuti zomwe zili pa starboard. mbali). Zotsatira zake, ntchitoyi inasiyidwa.

Chombocho chinakhazikitsidwa pa July 15, 1943. Mkazi wa bwanamkubwa wa Alaska, Dorothy Gruning, anakhala godmother, ndipo mkulu wa asilikali Peter K. Fischler anatenga ulamuliro wa sitimayo. Sitimayo inakokedwa kupita ku Philadelphia Navy Yard, komwe ntchito yokonza zida inayamba. Mtsogoleri watsopanoyo, yemwe anali ndi chidziwitso cholimbana ndi oyenda panyanja olemera (adatumikira, mwa zina, ku Minneapolis pa Nkhondo ya Coral Sea), adatembenukira ku Naval Council kuti apereke ndemanga pa zombo zatsopano, analemba kalata yayitali komanso yovuta kwambiri. Zina mwa zophophonyazo, iye anatchula za nyumba yamagudumu yodzaza ndi anthu, kusowa kwa malo okhala pafupi ndi asilikali apanyanja ndi malo ochitirako mafunde, ndi mlatho wosakwanira wosonyeza zizindikiro (mosasamala kanthu kuti cholinga chake chinali kukhala ngati gulu la mbendera). Anadzudzula mphamvu zosakwanira za magetsi, zomwe sizinapereke mwayi uliwonse pa zombo zankhondo, ndi ma chimney opanda zida. Kuyika ndege zapanyanja ndi zida zam'madzi pakati, adawona ngati kuwononga danga, osatchulapo zochepetsera moto wa zida zolimbana ndi ndege. Adapempha kuti alowe m'malo ndi zida ziwiri zowonjezera zapakati pa 127 mm. Ananeneratunso kuti CIC (Combat Information Center), yomwe ili pansi pa sitima ya zida zankhondo, idzakhala yodzaza ngati gudumu. Poyankha, wamkulu wa Main Council Cadmium. Gilbert J. Rawcliffe analemba kuti malo a mkulu wa asilikali anali mu zida zankhondo (lingaliro lopanda nzeru kwenikweni mu zenizeni za 1944), ndipo kawirikawiri, sitima yaikulu ndi yamakono inasamutsidwa pansi pa ulamuliro wake. Mapangidwe a zida zankhondo (mfuti zapakati pa 127 ndi 40 mm), komanso kuwongolera ndi kuyang'anira sitimayo, zinali zotsatira za kusagwirizana komwe kunapangidwa pakupanga.

Pa June 17, 1944, sitima yaikulu yapamadzi ya Alaska inaphatikizidwa mwalamulo mu US Navy, koma zida ndi kukonzekera ulendo woyamba woyeserera zidapitilira mpaka kumapeto kwa Julayi. Apa ndi pamene sitimayo inalowa mumtsinje wa Delaware payokha kwa nthawi yoyamba, ikudutsa ma boilers anayi mpaka ku gombe lopita kumadzi otseguka a Atlantic. Pa Ogasiti 6, ndege yophunzitsira idayamba. Ngakhale m'madzi a Delaware Bay, kuwombera mfuti kuchokera pamfuti yayikulu kunachitika kuti azindikire zolakwika zomwe zingachitike pamapangidwe ake. Atamaliza, Alaska adalowa m'madzi a Chesapeake Bay pafupi ndi Norfolk, komwe m'masiku otsatirawa zochitika zonse zomwe zingatheke zidachitika kuti abweretse ogwira ntchito ndi sitimayo kukonzekera nkhondo.

Kumapeto kwa August, Alaska, pamodzi ndi chombo chankhondo cha Missouri ndi owononga Ingram, Moale ndi Allen M. Sumner, adachoka ku zilumba za Britain za Trinidad ndi Tobago. Kumeneko, masewera olimbitsa thupi adapitilirabe ku Bay of Paria. Pa Seputembara 14, ogwira nawo ntchito adaphunzitsidwa kuchitapo kanthu pakachitika mwadzidzidzi. Pakuyesa kumodzi, Alaska anakoka sitima yankhondo ya Missouri—akuti nthaŵi yokhayo imene woyenda panyanja anakoka sitima yankhondo. Pobwerera ku Norfolk, kuphulitsidwa kwachipongwe kwa gombe la Culebra Island (Puerto Rico) kunachitika. Pa 1 October, sitimayo inalowa mu Philadelphia Navy Yard ndipo kumapeto kwa mweziwo inali itayang'aniridwa, kukonzedwanso (kuphatikizapo zida zinayi zosowa mfuti za Mk 57 AA), kukonzanso pang'ono ndi kusinthidwa. Mmodzi

chimodzi mwa izo chinali kuwonjezera kwa pier yotseguka mozungulira positi ya zida zankhondo (kunali ku Guam kuyambira pachiyambi). Komabe, chifukwa cha ngodya zowombera za mfuti yapakatikati, inali yopapatiza kwambiri kuti isagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mlatho wankhondo, monga momwe zinalili pankhondo zankhondo za Iowa.

Pa Novembara 12, woyendetsa sitimayo adachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa milungu iwiri kupita ku Guantanamo Bay ku Cuba. M’kati mwa ulendowo, liŵiro lalikulu linayang’aniridwa ndipo zotsatira za mfundo za 33,3. Pa December 2, zombozi zinafika ku San Diego, California, kugombe lakum’mawa kwa United States. Kwa masiku angapo, masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri adachitidwa m'dera la San Clemente Island, koma chifukwa cha phokoso losokoneza kuchokera ku mine 12, chipangizocho chinatumizidwa ku San Francisco Navy Yard, kumene chinalowa m'malo owumitsira kuti chiwunikidwe ndi kukonzedwa. Kumeneko antchitowo anakumana ndi chaka chatsopano, 4.