Mpikisano wopanga pakati pa Airbus ndi Boeing mu 2018
Mtundu wotsatira wa Boeing 777-9X umasonkhanitsidwa ku chomera cha Everett. Zithunzi za Boeing
Chaka chatha, opanga awiri akuluakulu, Airbus ndi Boeing, adapereka mbiri ya ndege zamalonda za 1606 kwa ndege ndipo adalandira maukonde a 1640. Pang'ono pang'ono ndi Boeing pakubweretsa ndi kugulitsa pachaka, koma Airbus ili ndi buku lalikulu loyitanitsa. Chiwerengero cha ndege zomwe zimagwira ntchito zawonjezeka kufika pa mayunitsi 13,45, omwe pakalipano akupanga, amapereka kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Odziwika kwambiri ndi mndandanda wa A320neo ndi Boeing 737 MAX, omwe adapeza dzina la ndege zogulitsidwa kwambiri m'mbiri.
Maulendo apamlengalenga ndi bizinesi yopita patsogolo, koma imafuna ndalama zambiri komanso anthu odziwa bwino ntchito. Ntchito zoyendera padziko lonse lapansi zimayendetsedwa ndi ndege zopitilira 29,3 zokhala ndi ndege za anthu 37,4 zikwi. ndege. Chiwerengero cha maulendo apanyanja chikuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono ndipo chiwerengero cha okwera chikuwonjezeka kawiri pazaka zingapo zilizonse. Choncho, pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti chitukuko chikuwonjezereka, zombozi ziyenera kuwonjezeka mu chiwerengero. Kuphatikiza apo, malamulo okhwimitsa kwambiri zachilengedwe komanso kukwera mtengo kwamafuta a jet akukakamiza onyamula ndege kusiya ndege zotsika mtengo. Akuti pasanathe zaka 5,8 adzagula ndege zazikulu 1870 zokha. zidutswa, mu ndalama zokwana $XNUMX trillion. Izi zikutanthauza kuti opanga azipereka ndege XNUMX kumakampani a ndege pachaka.
Kwa zaka zambiri, msika wopanga unkalamulidwa ndi zolemba zaku America ndi Soviet, ndipo Airbus adalowa nawo mpikisano zaka 47 zapitazo. Wopanga ku Ulaya wakhala akuyambitsa ndege zamakono zomwe zakhala zikuyenda bwino pamalonda ndipo zakhala zikulimbitsa malo awo pamsika wapadziko lonse chaka ndi chaka. Mpikisano ndi kulimbikitsana mu makampani oyendetsa ndege wasiya awiri okha opanga ndege zazikulu zoyankhulirana: American Boeing ndi European Airbus. Mpikisano wawo ndi nkhani yosangalatsa yamavuto azachuma ndiukadaulo omwe akhala chizindikiro cha mkangano wachuma pakati pa United States ndi European Union.
Zochita za opanga mu 2018
Airbus ndi Boeing anamanga ndege zamalonda za 1606 chaka chatha, kuphatikizapo Boeing 806 (50,2% gawo la msika) ndi Airbus 800, apamwamba kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi chaka chapitacho, ndege zina za 125 zinapangidwa (kuwonjezeka kwa 8,4%), zomwe: Airbus ndi 82, Boeing ndi 43. Gawo lalikulu kwambiri limawerengedwa ndi ndege zopapatiza za Airbus A320 ndi Boeing 737 mndandanda, zomwe 1206 zidamangidwa palimodzi, zomwe zimatengera 75% yazonyamula. Awa anali magalimoto amakono, okonda zachilengedwe, okwana 340. mipando yokwera. Mtengo wawo wamndandanda unali pafupifupi $230 biliyoni.
Onse opanga adalandira malamulo a ndege za 1921, kuphatikizapo: Boeing - 1090, ndi Airbus - 831. Komabe, poganizira kuchotsedwa kwa 281 kuchokera ku mgwirizano womwe unatsirizidwa kale, malonda a ukonde anali mayunitsi a 1640, omwe: Boeing - 893 ndi Airbus - 747. nthawi zina, onyamula asintha mapangano akale kuchokera ku zitsanzo zazing'ono kupita ku zazikulu kapena zamakono. Mtengo wamadongosolo omwe adalandilidwa anali $240,2 biliyoni, kuphatikiza: Boeing - $143,7 biliyoni, Airbus - $96,5 biliyoni.
Mwachizoloŵezi, mapangano ambiri adamalizidwa m'mawonetsero akuluakulu apamlengalenga. Mwachitsanzo, pa chiwonetsero cha Farnborough chaka chatha, Boeing adalandira madongosolo kapena malonjezano a ndege 673 (kuphatikiza 564 B737 MAX ndi 52 B787), pomwe Airbus idagulitsa ndege 431, 93 zomwe zidatsimikizika ndi malonjezano 338. Ndizoyeneranso kudziwa kuti ma contract ambiri amamalizidwa kumapeto kwa chaka. Pankhani ya Airbus yokha, mapangano ovomerezeka adasainidwa pa ndege za 323 sabata yatha ya chaka, poyerekeza ndi 66 okha mgawo lonse loyamba. $2018M).
Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2018, ma portfolio amaudindo apamwamba omwe ali ndi makampani onsewa anali ndi maudindo 13, omwe, pamlingo wapano wopanga, amawapatsa zaka zopitilira zisanu ndi zitatu. Ichi ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba kwambiri m'mbiri ya makampani oyendetsa ndege padziko lonse lapansi. Mtengo wamndandanda wa ndege zomwe zimagwira ntchito zikuyerekeza kupitilira $450 thililiyoni. Poyerekeza, ndiyenera kutchula apa kuti izi ndizoposa katatu, mwachitsanzo, GDP ya Poland. Airbus ili ndi bukhu lalikulu la oda - 2,0 7577 (gawo 56%). Pakati pa ndege zomwe zikuyembekezera kugulitsidwa, chiwerengero chachikulu cha ndege zopapatiza ndi 11,2. pcs (84% ya msika). Kumbali ina, makalasi akuluakulu a VLA (mipando yoposa 400 kapena katundu wofanana) ndi 111 okha, ndipo makamaka Airbus A380.
Zotsatira zopanga ma Airbus
Ngakhale zinali zovuta kwambiri pakugwira ntchito, Airbus idakwanitsa kusungitsa izi powonjezeranso kupanga ndikupereka kuchuluka kwa ndege kwa makasitomala mu 2018. Ndikufuna kufotokoza kusirira ndi kulemekeza kwanga magulu athu padziko lonse lapansi. Tili ndi ngongole chifukwa cha khama lawo ndi khama lawo mpaka masiku otsiriza a chaka. Sitikusangalatsidwanso ndi kuchuluka kwa madongosolo atsopano, chifukwa izi zikuwonetsa momwe msika wandage wamba ulili komanso chidaliro chomwe makontrakitala athu amatipatsa. Ndikufuna kuthokoza ndi mtima wonse chifukwa chopitirizabe kundichirikiza. "Pofufuza mayankho omwe angatithandize kupititsa patsogolo luso la mafakitale athu, tikupitiriza kuika patsogolo ntchito yathu ya digito," adatero Guillaume Faury, pulezidenti wa Airbus Commercial Aircraft, kulengeza zotsatira za chaka chatha.
Chaka chatha chinali chaka china chabwino kwa Airbus. Wopanga ndege waku Europe adapereka ndege za 93 kwa ogwiritsa ntchito 800, zomwe zikuyimira 49,8% ya msika wapadziko lonse wa opanga ndege okhala ndi mipando 100 kapena kupitilira apo. Izi ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri m'mbiri ya consortium, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi motsatizana pakupanga. Poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha, ndege zina 82 zinamangidwa. Komabe, poyesa zotsatira zogwirira ntchito, ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti mu theka lachiwiri la chaka Airbus adapeza magawo ku kampani ya Canada yomwe imapanga ndikugulitsa Bombardier CSeries.
Mu gawo laling'ono la ndege, Airbus idakhazikitsa mbiri yatsopano padziko lonse lapansi: 646, kuchokera ku 558 chaka cham'mbuyo. Kutumizidwa kwa magalimoto amtundu waukulu kunakwana 142 ndipo kunali mayunitsi 18 kutsika, chiwerengero cha ma A350 omangidwa chinawonjezeka ndi 15, kuchokera ku 78 mpaka 93 mayunitsi, ndipo A330 inatsika kuchokera ku 67 mpaka 49 mayunitsi, kuchokera ku 380 mpaka 15 mayunitsi.
Mtengo wamndandanda wa ndege zomwe zidamangidwa zikuyerekeza pafupifupi US $ 110 biliyoni, koma mtengo weniweni womwe umapezeka pambuyo pa zokambirana ndi kuchotsera wamba ndi pafupifupi US $ 60-70 biliyoni. Chifukwa cha zovuta zamainjini a A320neo/A321neo komanso kutulutsa kwawo kosasinthika, komanso zovuta zokhudzana ndi zida zapaboard, ziwerengero zotumizira mwezi uliwonse zimasiyana kwambiri. Airbus idapereka ndege 27 mu Januware, 38 mu February, 56 mu Marichi, ndi 127 mu Disembala.
Ndege yoperekedwa kwa ogwira ntchito (mayunitsi 800) anali muzosintha zotsatirazi: A220-100 - 4 mayunitsi, A220-300 - 16, A319ceo - 8, A320ceo - 133, A320neo - 284, A321ceo - 99, A321 - 102, A330 -- . 200 - 14, A330-300 - 32, A330-900 - 3, A350-900 - 79, A350-1000 - 14 ndi A380 - 12. Makasitomala akuluakulu omwe adalandira ndege zatsopano mwachindunji kuchokera kwa wopanga anali ndege zochokera kumadera: Asia ndi zilumba Pacific Ocean - 270, Europe - 135 ndi North ndi South America. - 110. Komanso, ndege za 250 (31% gawo) zinalandiridwa ndi makampani obwereketsa, omwe adawagawira kwa pafupifupi khumi ndi awiri ogwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi.
Wopanga European analandira malamulo 32 oyendetsa ndege 831, kuphatikizapo: 712 yopapatiza thupi ndege (135 A220-300, 5 A319ceo, 22 A319neo, 19 A320ceo, 393 A320neo, 2 A321ceo ndi A136 A321 ndi 37 A330 ndi 6 A330) 200 A3 -330, 300 A8-330, 800 A20-330 ndi 900 A62-350), 61 A350 (900 A1-350 ndi 1000 A20-380) ndi 117,2 A84. Pamitengo yamndandanda, mtengo wamaoda omwe adapezedwa unali $ 20,7 biliyoni. Komabe, Airbus idalemba kuchotsedwa kwa ndege 36 zomwe zidagulidwa kale ndi mtengo wa $320 biliyoni. Nkhani ya kusiya ntchito inali: 10 A330 ndege, 22 A350 ndege, 16 A380 ndege ndi 747 A45,5 mndandanda ndege. Poganizira zosintha zomwe zidachitika, zogulitsa zonse zidakwana mayunitsi 96,5 (gawo la msika 25%). Izi ndi zotsatira zabwino komanso zabwino kwambiri m'mbiri yamakampani oyendetsa ndege. Ndalama zomwe zalandilidwa ndi $1109 biliyoni. Zotsatira za chaka chatha ndizotsika ndi 320% kuposa chaka chatha (531). Mndandanda wa A330neo ukupitirizabe kusangalala ndi kutchuka kwakukulu ndi dongosolo laukonde la ndege za 350. Chitsanzochi chimatsimikizira mutu wa "ndege yogulitsidwa kwambiri m'mbiri", pamene AXNUMX ndi AXNUMX ambiri adakondwera ndi chidwi chochepa kuchokera kwa onyamulira.
