Mfundo yoyendetsera ntchito ndi kapangidwe ka ma hydraulic valve compensators

Magawo ogawa gasi wa injini amakhala ndi katundu wolemetsa komanso kutentha kwambiri panthawi yogwira ntchito. Amakula mosagwirizana akatenthedwa chifukwa amapangidwa kuchokera ku ma aloyi osiyanasiyana. Kuti apange ntchito yachibadwa ya ma valve, mapangidwewo ayenera kupereka kusiyana kwapadera kwa kutentha pakati pawo ndi makamera a camshaft, omwe amatseka pamene injini ikuyenda.

Kusiyanaku kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa malire omwe adayikidwa, kotero ma valve ayenera kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, ndiye kuti, sankhani opush kapena ochapira a kukula koyenera. Ma compensators a Hydraulic amakulolani kuti muchotse kufunikira kosintha kusiyana kwamafuta ndikuchepetsa phokoso injini ikazizira.

Mapangidwe a Hydraulic compensator

Ma compensator a Hydraulic amangosintha kusintha kwa kusiyana kwamafuta. Mawu akuti "hydro" amatanthauza zochita zamadzimadzi pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa. Madzi awa ndi mafuta omwe amaperekedwa pansi pa kukakamizidwa kwa compensators. Dongosolo lokhazikika komanso lolondola la masika mkati limawongolera chilolezo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma hydraulic lifters kuli ndi zabwino izi:

• palibe chifukwa chosinthira nthawi ndi nthawi mavavu;
• kugwira ntchito moyenera kwa nthawi;
• kuchepetsa phokoso pa ntchito injini;
• kuwonjezeka kwa gwero la njira zogawa gasi.

Zigawo zazikulu za hydraulic compensator ndi:

• nyumba;
• plunger kapena plunger pair;
• plunger tchire;
• plunger spring;
• valavu ya plunger (mpira).

Momwe ma hydraulic lifters amagwirira ntchito

Kagwiritsidwe ntchito kachipangizo katha kufotokozedwa m'magawo angapo:

• Kamera ya camshaft sikhala ndi mphamvu pa compensator ndipo imayang'anizana nayo ndi mbali yake yakumbuyo, ndi kusiyana kochepa pakati pawo. Kasupe wa plunger mkati mwa compensator amakankhira plunger kunja kwa manja. Panthawi imeneyi, pansi pa plunger amapangidwa patsekeke, wodzazidwa ndi mafuta pansi pa kupsyinjika kudzera njira ophatikizana ndi dzenje mu thupi. Voliyumu yamafuta imadzazidwa pamlingo wofunikira ndipo valavu ya mpira imatsekedwa ndi kasupe. Wokankhira amakhala motsutsana ndi kamera, kusuntha kwa plunger kuyima ndipo njira yamafuta imatseka. Pankhaniyi, kusiyana kutha.
• Kamera ikayamba kutembenuka, imakankhira pa hydraulic compensator ndikuyitsitsa pansi. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta ochulukirapo, gulu la plunger limakhala lolimba ndipo limatumiza mphamvu ku valavu. Valavu yopondereza imatsegulidwa ndipo kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya kumalowa m'chipinda choyaka.
• Mukasunthira pansi, mafuta ena amatuluka kuchokera pansi pa plunger. Pambuyo pa kamera yadutsa gawo logwira ntchito lazokhudzidwa, kuzungulira kwa ntchito kumabwerezedwa kachiwiri.

Ma hydraulic compensator amawongoleranso kusiyana komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuvala kwachilengedwe kwa magawo anthawi. Ichi ndi chophweka, koma nthawi yomweyo chovuta kupanga makina opangira magawo oyenerera.

Kugwira ntchito moyenera kwa zonyamula ma hydraulic makamaka kumadalira kuthamanga kwamafuta m'dongosolo ndi kukhuthala kwake. Mafuta a viscous kwambiri ndi ozizira sangathe kulowa m'thupi la pusher muyeso yofunikira. Kuthamanga kochepa ndi kutayikira kumachepetsanso mphamvu ya makinawo.

Mitundu yama hydraulic compensators

Kutengera ndi zida zanthawi, pali mitundu inayi yayikulu yama hydraulic lifters:

• ma hydraulic pushers;
• ma roller hydraulic pushers;
• chithandizo cha hydro;
• zothandizira ma hydraulic zomwe zimayikidwa pansi pa zida za rocker kapena levers.

Mitundu yonse imakhala ndi mapangidwe osiyana pang'ono, koma imakhala ndi mfundo yofanana yogwiritsira ntchito. Zofala kwambiri m'magalimoto amakono ndi matepi ochiritsira a hydraulic okhala ndi chithandizo chathyathyathya cha camshaft cam. Njirazi zimayikidwa mwachindunji pa tsinde la valve. Kamera ya camshaft imagwira ntchito mwachindunji pa hydraulic pusher.

Pamene camshaft ili m'munsi, zothandizira za hydraulic zimayikidwa pansi pa levers ndi manja a rocker. Mu dongosolo ili, kamera imakankhira makina kuchokera pansi ndipo mphamvu imaperekedwa ku valve ndi lever kapena rocker mkono.

Roller hydro bearings amagwira ntchito pa mfundo yomweyo. Ma rollers okhudzana ndi makamera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kukangana. Roller hydraulic bearings amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamainjini aku Japan.

Zochita ndi Zochita

Ma compensator a Hydraulic amalepheretsa zovuta zambiri zamaukadaulo panthawi ya injini. Palibe chifukwa chosinthira kusiyana kwa kutentha, mwachitsanzo ndi ma washers. Ma tappets a Hydraulic amachepetsanso phokoso ndi kugwedezeka. Kuchita bwino komanso kolondola kumachepetsa kuvala kwa magawo anthawi.

Pakati pa ubwino palinso kuipa. Ma injini okhala ndi ma hydraulic compensators ali ndi mawonekedwe awoawo. Chodziwika kwambiri mwa izi ndi ntchito yosagwirizana ya injini yozizira poyambira. Pali kugogoda komwe kumazimiririka pamene kutentha ndi kupanikizika kumafika. Izi ndichifukwa chakuchepa kwamafuta amafuta poyambira. Siilowa m'ma compensators ndiye kugogoda.

Choyipa china ndi mtengo wa magawo ndi mautumiki. Ngati kuli kofunikira kusintha, iyenera kuperekedwa kwa katswiri. Ma compensators a Hydraulic amafunanso mtundu wamafuta komanso magwiridwe antchito amafuta onse. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mafuta otsika, ndiye kuti izi zitha kukhudza magwiridwe antchito awo.

Zowonongeka zotheka ndi zomwe zimayambitsa

Kugogoda komweku kukuwonetsa kusagwira ntchito kwa makina ogawa gasi. Ngati pali zolumikizira zowonjezera ma hydraulic, chifukwa chake chingakhale:

• Kulephera kwa ma hydraulic pushers okha - kulephera kwa ma plunger awiri kapena kupanikizana kwa ma plunger, kupanikizana kwa valve ya mpira, kuvala kwachilengedwe;
• Kuthamanga kwa mafuta ochepa mu dongosolo;
• Njira zamafuta zotsekeka mumutu wa silinda;
• Mpweya mu dongosolo lopaka mafuta.

Zitha kukhala zovuta kuti dalaivala wamba apeze chowongolera cholakwika. Kuti muchite izi, mungathe, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito stethoscope yagalimoto. Ndikokwanira kumvera chokweza chilichonse cha hydraulic kuti chizindikire chomwe chawonongeka ndi kugogoda kwake.

Komanso, mukhoza kuyang'ana ntchito ya compensators, mukhoza, ngati n'kotheka, kuwachotsa ku injini. Sayenera kuchepa akadzazidwa. Mitundu ina imatha kusweka ndipo kuchuluka kwa mavalidwe amkati kungadziwike.

Mafuta abwino kwambiri amabweretsa kutsekeka kwa mafuta. Izi zitha kuwongoleredwa posintha mafutawo, fyuluta yamafuta ndikuyeretsa zonyamula ma hydraulic okha. Ikhoza kutsukidwa ndi madzi apadera, acetone kapena high-octane mafuta. Ponena za mafuta, ngati vuto liri mmenemo, ndiye kuti mutatha kusintha, izi ziyenera kuthandizira kuthetsa kugogoda.

Akatswiri amalangiza m'malo osati compensators payekha, koma zonse mwakamodzi. Izi ziyenera kuchitika pambuyo pa 150-200 makilomita zikwi. Pamtunda uwu, amatopa mwachibadwa.

Mukasintha ma compensators a hydraulic, ma nuances ena ayenera kuganiziridwa:

• Ma tappets atsopano a hydraulic adzazidwa kale ndi mafuta. Mafutawa safunikira kuchotsedwa. Mafuta amasakanizidwa mu dongosolo lopaka mafuta ndipo mpweya sulowa mu dongosolo;
• Pambuyo kutsuka kapena kusokoneza, operekera "opanda kanthu" (popanda mafuta) sayenera kuikidwa. Umu ndi momwe mpweya ungalowe mu dongosolo;
• Mukakhazikitsa ma compensators atsopano a hydraulic, tikulimbikitsidwa kutembenuza crankshaft kangapo. Izi ndizofunikira kuti awiriawiri a plunger alowe m'malo ogwirira ntchito ndipo kupanikizika kumawonjezeka;
• Pambuyo m'malo compensators tikulimbikitsidwa kusintha mafuta ndi fyuluta.

Kuti ma hydraulic achuluke olumikizana kuti asabweretse mavuto ochepa momwe angathere panthawi yogwira ntchito, gwiritsani ntchito mafuta a injini apamwamba kwambiri omwe akulimbikitsidwa m'mabuku a eni ake agalimoto. M'pofunikanso kutsatira malamulo kusintha mafuta ndi Zosefera. Ngati malingaliro awa atsatiridwa, zonyamula ma hydraulic zitha nthawi yayitali.