Malingaliro Poznan pa zamakono BVP-1

Mu MSPO 2019 ya chaka chino, Poznań Wojskowe Zakłady Motoryzacyjne SA adapereka lingaliro lakusintha kwamakono kwa BWP-1, mwina chidwi kwambiri pakati pa malingaliro omwe aperekedwa ndi makampani achitetezo aku Poland pazaka zana zapitazi.

Asilikali aku Poland akadali ndi magalimoto omenyera makanda a BWP-1250 opitilira 1. Awa ndi makina omaliza a 60s, omwe alibe phindu lankhondo masiku ano. Asilikali onyamula zida ndi makina, ngakhale ayesayesa kotala la zaka zana zapitazo, akuyembekezerabe wolowa m'malo wawo ... Ndiye funso limakhalapo - kodi ndikofunikira kukonzanso magalimoto akale masiku ano? Wojskowe Zakłady Motoryzacyjne SA wochokera ku Poznań akonza yankho lawo.

Galimoto yankhondo yolimbana ndi makanda BMP-1 (Chinthu 765) idayamba kugwira ntchito ndi Gulu Lankhondo la Soviet mu 1966. Ambiri amaona kuti, osati moyenerera, ndi chitsanzo cha gulu latsopano la magalimoto omenyera nkhondo, omwe akutchulidwa Kumadzulo ngati onyamula zida zankhondo. Galimoto (BMP), ndipo mu Poland chitukuko chophweka cha kumasulira kwachidule chake - magalimoto omenyana ndi makanda. Pa nthawi imeneyo, iye akanakhoza kuchita chidwi - anali mafoni kwambiri (liwiro pa msewu phula mpaka 65 Km / h, m'munda theoretically mpaka 50 Km / h, cruising osiyanasiyana mpaka 500 Km pa msewu phula) , kuphatikizapo kusambira, kuwala (kulimbana ndi kulemera kwa matani 13,5), kutetezera asilikali ndi ogwira ntchito ku zida zazing'ono zamoto ndi shrapnel, ndipo - mwachidziwitso - anali ndi zida zambiri: 73-mm medium-pressure gun 2A28 Grom, yophatikizidwa. ndi 7,62-mm PKT, kuphatikiza odana ndi thanki kukhazikitsa 9M14M limodzi malangizo Malyutka. Izi zidapangitsa kuti athe kumenya nkhondo ngakhale ndi akasinja pamikhalidwe yabwino. M'zochita, zida ndi zida mwamsanga zinakhala zofooka kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa cha mkati mochepetsetsa, kuyendetsa galimoto mothamanga kwambiri, makamaka kunja kwa msewu, kunatopa kwambiri asilikali. Kotero, zaka khumi ndi ziwiri kenako, ku USSR, wolowa m'malo mwake, BMP-2, adatengedwa. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 80 ndi 90s, adawonekeranso ku Polish Army, ndalama zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kukonzekeretsa magulu awiri ankhondo (ndi chiwerengero cha ntchito panthawiyo), koma patatha zaka khumi zogwira ntchito, magalimoto otchedwa atypical anali. ogulitsidwa kunja. Apa ndi pamene mavuto omwe akupitirizabe mpaka lero anayamba, ogwirizana - mosinthana - ndi kufunafuna wolowa m'malo wamakono ku BVP-1 kapena ndi makina amakono.

BVP-1 - sitikusintha, chifukwa mumphindi ...

Pazaka makumi awiri zoyambirira pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Pangano la Warsaw, malingaliro angapo osiyanasiyana adakonzedwa ku Poland kuti apititse patsogolo BVP-1. Pulogalamu ya Puma, yomwe idakhalapo kuyambira 1998 mpaka 2009, inali ndi mwayi waukulu kwambiri kuti ikwaniritsidwe.Zinkaganiziridwa kuti magalimoto 668 (magawo 12, December 2007) abweretsedwa ku muyezo watsopano, ndiye chiwerengerochi chinachepetsedwa kufika 468 (magawo asanu ndi atatu ndi asanu ndi atatu ndi asanu ndi atatu). reconnaissance mayunitsi ., 2008), kenako ku 216 (ma battalion anayi, Okutobala 2008) ndipo pomaliza mpaka 192 (Julayi 2009). Kubwerera ku 2009, asanayambe kuyesa owonetsa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsanja zopanda anthu, zinkaganiziridwa kuti BVP-1 yowonjezera idzagwira ntchito mpaka 2040. Mayeserowa anali osadziwika bwino, koma ndalama zomwe anakonza zinali zapamwamba ndipo zotsatira zake zinali zoipa. Chifukwa chake, pulogalamuyi idamalizidwa pachiwonetsero, ndipo mu Novembala 2009, makonzedwe okweza BVP-1 kukhala muyezo wa Puma-1 wokhala ndi nsanja yatsopano yoyang'anira patali sanachotsedwe pamndandanda wamapulogalamu ogwirira ntchito omwe akuphatikizidwa mu Migwirizano. ya Reference. Konzekerani zosintha zankhondo zaku Poland za 2009-2018 Kuphatikiza pa kusanthula kwa mayesero omwe anachitika komanso kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu zolimbana ndi izi, chifukwa cha kusiyidwa kwa Puma-1 chinali kuonekera mu gulu lankhondo la Poland la wolowa m'malo modutsa ...

Zowonadi, kuyesa kudapangidwa mofananamo kupeza galimoto yoteroyo. Pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zachuma ndi bungwe, izi sizinatheke, ngakhale kuti ntchito zambiri zapakhomo zinaperekedwa (kuphatikizapo BWP-2000, IFW zochokera ku UMPG kapena pulogalamu ya Chariot) ndi malingaliro akunja (mwachitsanzo, CV90).

Zikuwoneka kuti pulogalamu ya Borsuk yokha ya NBPRP, yomwe yakhazikitsidwa kuyambira pa October 24, 2014 ndi makampani otetezera ku Poland, ikhoza kutha bwino. Komabe, mu 2009, BVP-1 sinasinthidwe, ndipo tsopano, mu 2019, sanakhale amakono komanso osatopa kwambiri, ndipo tiyenera kudikirira zaka zina zitatu kuti Badgers oyamba alowe ntchito. ntchito. Zidzatenganso nthawi yayitali kusintha BWP-1 m'magawo ena. Pakadali pano, Gulu Lankhondo Lapansi lili ndi magulu 23 oyendetsa magalimoto, iliyonse ili ndi magalimoto omenyera 58. Mwa zisanu ndi zitatu mwa izo, BWP-1s zasinthidwa kapena zidzasinthidwa posachedwa ndi magalimoto omenyana ndi Rosomak, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti, kuti, kuti asinthe BWP-870, 1 Borsuków iyenera kupangidwa kokha mu mtundu wa BMP - ndi gulu lankhondo la 19 la makina liyenera kupangidwa. Titha kuganiziridwa mosamala kuti BWP-1 ikhalabe ndi asitikali aku Poland pambuyo pa 2030. Pofuna kuti makinawa apatse ogwiritsa ntchito mwayi weniweni pabwalo lankhondo lamakono, Poznań Wojskowe Zakłady Motoryzacyjne SA, ya PGZ Capital Group, yakonzekera kukonzanso kwamakono m'mbiri yake.

Poznań malingaliro

Kampani yaku Poznan, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi ntchito zotere, idapereka phukusi lamakono. Zosintha ziyenera kukhudza mbali zonse zofunika. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuwonjezera chitetezo ndi moto. Zida zowonjezera, pokhalabe ndi mphamvu zoyandama, ziyenera kupereka STANAG 3A level 4569 ballistic resistance, ngakhale kuti cholinga chake ndi mlingo 4. Kukaniza kwa mgodi kuyenera kufanana ndi STANAG 1B mlingo 4569 (chitetezo ku mabomba ang'onoang'ono) - zambiri sizingapezeke popanda kulowererapo kwakukulu. kapangidwe ndi kutayika kwa luso losambira. Chitetezo pamagalimoto chikhoza kutheka pokhazikitsa njira yodziwira ma radiation ya SSP-1 "Obra-3" kapena yofananira, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira yamakono yoteteza moto. Kuwonjezeka kwa moto kuyenera kuperekedwa pogwiritsa ntchito nsanja yatsopano yopanda anthu. Kusankha kwake sikophweka chifukwa cha zoletsa zazikulu zolemetsa, kotero, mu 30 INPO, Kongsberg Protector RWS LW-600 galimoto yakutali yolemera pafupifupi 30 kg inaperekedwa. Ili ndi 230mm Northrop Grumman (ATK) M64LF cannon propulsion (mtundu wina wa AH-30 Apache attack helikoputala) ikuwombera 113 × 7,62mm zipolopolo ndi mfuti yamakina 805mm. Zida zazikulu zakhala zokhazikika. Mwachidziwitso, woyambitsa wa Raytheon / Lockheed Martin Javelin mivi yolimbana ndi thanki (ndipo idaperekedwa mu kasinthidwe iyi), komanso Rafael Spike-LR, MBDA MMP kapena, mwachitsanzo, Pirata yapakhomo, ikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi siteshoni. Zipolopolo zachilendo zokhala ndi liwiro loyambirira la 1080 m / s (motsutsa 30 m / s pazida zomwezo 173 × 2 mm HEI-T) zitha kukhala vuto lenileni. Komabe, ngati tilingalira mwachidwi, motsutsana ndi Russian BMP-3 / -300 (osachepera zosintha) pamipata yofanana ndi zisudzo ku Central Europe, ndizothandiza kwambiri, komanso kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito anti-tank system sayenera kutero. kuyiwalika. Kapenanso, zingwe zina zopepuka zopanda anthu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, monga Midgard 30 yaku Slovenian Valhalla Turrets, yokhala ndi mizinga yaku Britain ya 30mm Venom LR yochokera ku AEI Systems, yomwe ilinso ndi zida za 113xXNUMXmm.

Imodzi mwa mavuto aakulu a galimoto analinso bwino - zomangira ndi ergonomics wa gulu la asilikali. Denga lagalimoto limakwezedwa (lomwe limakumbutsanso mayankho a Chiyukireniya), chifukwa chomwe malo ambiri owonjezera apezeka. Pamapeto pake, thanki yamafuta imasunthidwa kupita kuchipinda cha injini (kutsogolo kwa gulu lankhondo kumbali ya nyenyezi), zida zina zonse zomwe zili pakati pa gulu lankhondo zimasunthidwa (ndikusinthidwa ndi zatsopano). . Pamodzi ndi kuchotsedwa kwa dengu lakale la turret, izi zidzapanga malo owonjezera a zida ndi zida. Ogwira ntchitowa amakhala ndi anthu awiri kapena atatu kuphatikiza ma paratroopers asanu ndi limodzi. Padzakhala zosintha zina - dalaivala adzalandira gulu latsopano la zida, asilikali onse adzalandira mipando yamakono yoyimitsidwa, zoyikapo ndi zosungira zida ndi zida zidzawonekeranso. Kuwonjezeka kwachidziwitso chazochitika kudzaperekedwa ndi zipangizo zamakono zowunikira ndi kuwongolera, komanso njira yowunika ya omnidirectional (mwachitsanzo, SOD-1 Atena) kapena njira zamakono zoyankhulirana zamkati ndi kunja, komanso chithandizo cha IT (mwachitsanzo, BMS). Kuwonjezeka kwa unyinji wa galimoto kudzalipidwa ndi: kulimbikitsa galimotoyo, pogwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe atsopano, kapena, potsiriza, m'malo mwa injini yakale ya UTD-20 ndi injini yamphamvu kwambiri (240 kW / 326 hp) MTU 6R 106 TD21 injini, yodziwika bwino. Mwachitsanzo. kuchokera ku Jelch 442.32 4 × 4. Idzaphatikizidwa mu powertrain ndi gearbox yamakono.

Zamakono kapena resuscitation?

Mutha kudzifunsa - kodi ndizomveka kugwiritsa ntchito mayankho amakono ambiri (ngakhale ochepa, popanda, mwachitsanzo, SOD kapena BMS) m'galimoto yachikale yotere? Osati poyang'ana koyamba, koma pakatikati ndi nthawi yayitali, zipangizo zamakono, monga nsanja yopanda anthu, zimatha kusamutsidwa ku makina ena. Potsatira chitsanzo ichi, choyimira cha RWS LW-30 chinawonetsedwa pagalimoto yankhondo ya JLTV kapena chonyamulira chotsata AMPV. Chifukwa chake, m'tsogolomu, zitha kupezeka pa Pegasus (ngati atagulidwa ...) kapena pamitundu yothandiza ya Borsuk, m'malo mwa maudindo okhala ndi 12,7 mm WIGHT. Momwemonso, zida zamagetsi zamagetsi (mawayilesi) kapena njira zowunikira komanso zowunikira zitha kutanthauzira. Mchitidwewu umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko ambiri olemera kuposa Poland.

WZM SA ili ndi lingaliro losangalatsa kwambiri loti muchite ndi makina ozikidwa pa BWP-1. Mafakitale ku Poznań akukweza kale magalimoto a BWR-1S (onani WiT 10/2017) ndi BWR-1D (onani WiT 9/2018) magalimoto omenyera nkhondo, ndipo apeza zambiri ndi magalimotowa, kukonza ndi kukonza. . kukonza, komanso wamakono awo muyezo "Puma" ndi "Puma-1". M'tsogolomu, magalimoto apadera amatha kupangidwa pamaziko a BVP-1 yamakono, chitsanzo ndi lingaliro la pulogalamu ya Ottokar Brzoza, pomwe BVP-1 yamakono, yogwirizana pang'ono ndi ndondomeko yamakono yomwe yafotokozedwa pamwambapa (mwachitsanzo, malo opangira magetsi omwewo, netiweki yateleinformation, yosinthidwa ku kukhazikitsa kwa BMS, ndi zina zotero) idzakhala maziko owononga matanki. Pali zosankha zambiri - pamaziko a BVP-1, mutha kupanga galimoto yothamangitsira ambulansi, galimoto yowunikira zida (kuphatikiza kuyanjana ndi wowononga tank), chonyamulira ndege chosayendetsedwa (ndi BSP DC01 "Fly" kuchokera ku Droni , galimotoyo inaperekedwa ku bizinesi ya Polish Success Forum ku Poznań) kapena ngakhale galimoto yankhondo yopanda anthu, yogwirizana m'tsogolomu ndi Borsuk, komanso RCV ndi OMFV. Choyamba, komabe, kusinthika kwamakono, ngakhale pang'ono (mwachitsanzo, zidutswa za 250-300), zingalole kuti asilikali oyendetsa galimoto aku Poland apulumuke pakati pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Borsuk ndi kuchotsedwa kwa BMP-1 yotsiriza, pamene kusunga mtengo weniweni wankhondo. Inde, m'malo mokweza, mungasankhe kukweza, monga momwe zilili ndi T-1, koma wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amavomereza kuti apitirize kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizozo, zomwe ambiri mwazomwe sizikusiyana ndi makina a Cold War. .