Nthawi yotentha isanafike F-35
Malinga ndi zomwe ananena, kuyambika kwa dongosolo la S-400 kupita ku Turkey kudapangitsa kuti anthu aku America asiye mgwirizano ndi Ankara pa pulogalamu ya F-35 Lightning II. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Clinton White.
Pa Julayi 16, Purezidenti Donald Trump adalengeza kuti United States ithetsa mgwirizano wankhondo ndi zachuma ndi Turkey ngati gawo la pulogalamu ya Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II multirole. Mawu awa ndi zotsatira za kuyambika kwa machitidwe a chitetezo cha ndege a S-400, omwe adagulidwa ku Russia ndipo, ngakhale kukakamizidwa ndi Washington, Ankara sanachoke pa mgwirizano womwe uli pamwambapa. Chisankhochi chidzakhala ndi zotsatira zambiri pa pulogalamuyi, yomwe ingamvekenso pamtsinje wa Vistula.
Mawu a Purezidenti waku US ndi zotsatira zachindunji za zomwe zidachitika pa Julayi 12, pomwe ndege zoyendera zaku Russia zidafika pamalo osungira ndege a Murted pafupi ndi likulu la Turkey, ndikupereka zinthu zoyamba za S-400 system (kuti mumve zambiri, onani WiT 8/2019 ). ). Othirira ndemanga ambiri anena kuti nthawi yayitaliyi pakati pa zochitika zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kusagwirizana komwe kuli mkati mwa boma la United States pankhani ya zosankha "zolanga" anthu aku Turkey omwe akupezeka kudzera mu CAATSA (Counting America's Adversaries through Sanctions Act) yomwe idasainidwa kukhala lamulo mu Ogasiti 2017. . Kuphatikiza pa F-35 embargo, aku America atha kuchepetsanso chithandizo chokhudzana ndi mitundu ina ya zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Gulu Lankhondo la Turkey kapena zomwe zikuperekedwa pano (mwachitsanzo, poopa izi, Turkey yawonjezera kugula kwa zida za F-16C. / D m'masabata aposachedwa, ndipo kumbali ina, Boeing ndi Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo adapereka ma helikopita athunthu a CH-47F Chinook). Izi zitha kuwonekanso m'mawu a ndale a Potomac, m'malo mwa mawu akuti "embargo" kapena "kupatula" kokha "kuyimitsidwa" kumamveka. Monga tanena kale, ogwira ntchito ku Turkey omwe adagwirizana ndi pulogalamu ya F-35 adakwanitsa kuchoka ku United States kumapeto kwa Julayi. Zoonadi, palibe Amereka amene angatsimikizire kuti zinsinsi za pulogalamu ya Turkey sizidzawululidwa kwa anthu aku Russia kapena aku China. Ma F-35A anayi omwe asonkhanitsidwa kale ndikuperekedwa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito ali ku Luke base ku Arizona, komwe adzakhala ndikudikirira tsogolo lawo. Malinga ndi mapulani oyambilira, oyamba aiwo amayenera kufika ku malo a Malatya mu Novembala chaka chino.
Mpaka pano, Lockheed Martin wasonkhanitsa ndikutumiza ma F-35A anayi ku Turkey, omwe adatumizidwa ku Luke Air Force Base ku Arizona, komwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa anthu aku Turkey. Malinga ndi mapulaniwo, ma F-35A oyamba amayenera kufika ku Turkey mu Novembala chaka chino, onse Ankara adalengeza kukonzekera kwake kugula makope 100, nambalayi iphatikizanso mtundu wa F-35B. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Clinton White.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti aka sikanali koyamba kuti anthu aku Turkey akhale ndi vuto kugula ndege zankhondo zaku US. M'zaka za m'ma 80, Ankara adayenera kutsimikizira Washington kuti "zinsinsi" za F-16C / D sizingalowe mu Soviet Union ndi ogwirizana nawo. Poopa kutulutsa chidziwitso, Achimerika sanagwirizane ndi kutumiza magalimoto ku Turkey ndi Greece - mogwirizana ndi ndondomeko ya kusunga mgwirizano pakati pa omenyana awiri a NATO. Dziko la United States lakhala likutsatira ndondomeko yogulitsa zida zamtundu umodzi m’mayiko onsewa.
Kutenga nawo gawo kwa Turkey mu pulogalamu ya F-35 Lightning II kudayamba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana lino, pomwe Ankara adakhala mnzake wachisanu ndi chiwiri wa polojekitiyi mu gulu la Tier 195. Dziko la Turkey layika ndalama zokwana madola 2007 miliyoni mu pulogalamuyi. Mu Januwale 116, akuluakulu aboma adalengeza kuti akufuna kugula magalimoto 35 mumtundu wa F-100A, kenako adangokhala 35. Poganizira kukula kwamphamvu kwa asitikali ankhondo aku Turkey, sizinganenedwe kuti lamuloli linali lokwanira. adzagawidwa pakati pa F-35A ndi F. -2021B. Zomalizazi zimapangidwira helikopita yotsika ya Anadolu, yomwe ikuyenera kulowa mu 10. Mpaka pano, Ankara adayitanitsa ma F-11A asanu ndi limodzi m'magulu awiri oyamba (35 ndi XNUMX).
Komanso mu 2007, mgwirizano wa mafakitale unakhazikitsidwa ndi mabizinesi aku America kuti apeze kupanga zigawo za F-35 ku Turkey. Pulogalamuyi pakadali pano ikuphatikiza, mwa ena, Turkey Aerospace Industries, Kale Pratt & Whitney, Kale Aerospace, Alp Aviation ndi Ayesaş, yomwe imapereka zinthu zopitilira 900 pa F-35 iliyonse. Mndandanda wawo umaphatikizapo: gawo lapakati la fuselage (zonse zitsulo ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu), chivundikiro chamkati cha mpweya, mapiloni a zida zamlengalenga, zida za injini ya F135, zida zotsetsereka, ma braking system, zinthu za makina owonetsera deta mu cockpit kapena control system units zida. Nthawi yomweyo, pafupifupi theka la iwo amapangidwa ku Turkey kokha. Kuchokera apa, Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo inalamula Lockheed Martin kuti apeze mwamsanga ogulitsa ena ku United States, zomwe zingawononge bajeti ya chitetezo cha $ 600 miliyoni. Kumaliza kwa kupanga zigawo za F-35 ku Turkey kukukonzekera Marichi 2020. Malinga ndi Pentagon, kusintha kwa ogulitsa kuyenera kukhudza pang'ono pulogalamu yonse, makamaka mwalamulo. Imodzi mwamalo opangira injini za F135 idayeneranso kumangidwa ku Turkey. Malinga ndi zomwe Unduna wa Zachitetezo wanena, zokambirana zikuchitika kale ndi amodzi mwa mayiko aku Europe kuti atumize. Mu 2020-2021, akukonzekera kukhazikitsa malo awiri amtunduwu ku Netherlands ndi Norway. Kuphatikiza apo, monga gawo lachitukuko cha mtundu wa Block 4, makampani aku Turkey amayenera kutenga nawo gawo mu pulogalamu yophatikiza ndege ndi mitundu ya zida zopangidwa ku Turkey.
Pafupifupi chigamulo cha pulezidenti wa ku America chitatha, ndemanga zambiri zidawonekera ku Poland, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti malo osungiramo magalimoto a Turkey pamzere womaliza wa msonkhano ku Fort Worth akhoza kutengedwa ndi Dipatimenti ya National Defense, kulengeza kugula kwa osachepera 32 F. -35Koma za Air Force. Zikuwoneka kuti nkhani yaikulu ndi nthawi, popeza Netherlands imalengezanso lamulo la makope ena asanu ndi atatu kapena asanu ndi anayi, ndipo gawo lachiwiri likukonzedwanso ndi Japan (chifukwa cha ndalama, ndegeyo iyenera kubwera kuchokera ku Fort Worth line) kapena Republic. wa ku Korea.
Tsopano funso limakhalabe kuti yankho la Turkey lidzakhala chiyani. Chimodzi mwazosankha chingakhale kugula kwa Su-57, komanso kutenga nawo mbali kwa makampani aku Russia mu pulogalamu yomanga ndege ya TAI TF-X ya 5.
