Kumvetsetsa Magalimoto Oyendetsa Mafuta
Opanga magalimoto amagetsi nthawi zambiri amati amatulutsa mpweya wochepa poyerekeza ndi magalimoto amtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamkati (ICE). Magalimoto ambiri amafuta amadzitamandira kuti satulutsa mpweya, amangotulutsa madzi komanso kutentha. Galimoto yamafuta akadali galimoto yamagetsi (EV) koma imagwiritsa ntchito gasi wa haidrojeni kuti ipangitse mphamvu yake yamagetsi. Magalimoto amenewa amagwiritsa ntchito "fuel cell" m'malo mwa batire, yomwe imaphatikiza haidrojeni ndi okosijeni kupanga magetsi, zomwe zimapatsa mphamvu injini ndikutulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wosagwirizana ndi chilengedwe.
Kupanga kwa haidrojeni yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira mafuta m'galimoto kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha akapangidwa kuchokera ku gasi, koma kugwiritsa ntchito kwake m'magalimoto amafuta kumachepetsa kwambiri kutulutsa kwapaipi konse. Opanga magalimoto ambiri monga Honda, Mercedes-Benz, Hyundai ndi Toyota, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa ngati magalimoto oyeretsa amtsogolo, amapereka kale magalimoto amafuta, ndipo opanga ena ali pamalingaliro. Mosiyana ndi magalimoto amagetsi, omwe mabatire ake ovuta amalepheretsa mapangidwe ena, magalimoto amafuta amatha kusintha mitundu yonse ya opanga.
Kuti mumvetsetse bwino magalimoto amafuta a hydrogen, yang'anani momwe amafananizira ndi injini zoyatsira wamba, magalimoto amagetsi ndi ma hybrids potengera kuchuluka kwamafuta ndi mitundu, kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe komanso kukwanitsa.
Refueling ndi osiyanasiyana
Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa malo opangira mafuta ndi ochepa, magalimoto amafuta a hydrogen amawonjezeredwa mofanana ndi magalimoto a ICE. Malo odzaza haidrojeni amagulitsa haidrojeni woponderezedwa yemwe amapaka galimoto m'mphindi zochepa. Nthawi yeniyeni yowonjezera mafuta imadalira kuthamanga kwa haidrojeni ndi kutentha kozungulira, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala yosakwana mphindi khumi. Magalimoto ena amagetsi amatenga nthawi yayitali kuti awonjezerenso ndipo samakwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto wamba.
Pazonse, galimoto yamagetsi yamafuta ndi yofanana ndi magalimoto a petulo ndi dizilo, yopereka ma 200-300 mailosi kuchokera pamtengo wokwanira. Mofanana ndi magalimoto amagetsi, amathanso kuzimitsa mafuta kuti asunge mphamvu pamagetsi kapena pamsewu. Mitundu ina imaphatikizirapo mabuleki osinthika kuti mubwezeretse mphamvu zomwe zidatayika ndikusunga batire. Pankhani yamafuta ndi mtundu wake, magalimoto amafuta amapeza malo okoma ndi ma hybrids ena, omwe amayendera batire ndi/kapena mphamvu ya injini kutengera momwe akuyendetsedwera. Amaphatikiza injini zabwino kwambiri zoyatsira mkati ndi magalimoto amagetsi okhala ndi mafuta othamanga, mitundu yotalikirapo komanso njira zopulumutsira mphamvu.
Tsoka ilo, ngakhale kukongola kosiyanasiyana komanso kuwotcha mwachangu kuli, kuchuluka kwa malo opangira mafuta a haidrojeni kumangokhala m'mizinda ikuluikulu ingapo - pafupifupi kumadera aku California ku San Francisco ndi Los Angeles. Kulipiritsa ma cell amafuta ndikuwonjezera mafuta akugwira ntchito kuti akwaniritse zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira, koma akadali ndi zambiri zoti achite poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa malo opangira ma EV komanso, makamaka, komwe kuli malo opangira mafuta.
Mphamvu zachilengedwe
Ndi magalimoto achikhalidwe, magalimoto amagetsi, ndi magalimoto oyendetsa mafuta, pali zokambirana zopitirirabe komanso nkhawa zokhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kwa nthawi yayitali. Magalimoto oyendetsedwa ndi petulo amatulutsa mpweya wambiri, pomwe magalimoto amagetsi a batri amapanga mawonekedwe owoneka bwino panthawi yopanga.
Ma hydrogen omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto amafuta amapangidwa makamaka ndi gasi. Mpweya wachilengedwe umaphatikizana ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso nthunzi yothamanga kwambiri kuti ipange haidrojeni. Njira imeneyi, yotchedwa steam-methane reforming, imatulutsa mpweya woipa, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala yochepa poyerekeza ndi magalimoto amagetsi, osakanizidwa ndi mafuta.
Chifukwa magalimoto amafuta amafuta ndiofala kwambiri ku California, boma limafuna kuti pafupifupi 33 peresenti ya gasi wa haidrojeni wolowetsedwa m'galimoto achoke kumalo ongowonjezedwanso.
Kupezeka ndi zolimbikitsa
Magalimoto amtundu wamafuta amapereka maubwino ambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mafuta komanso kukhudzidwa kwachilengedwe. Amadzaza mwachangu ndipo amakhala ndi mpikisano wosiyanasiyana ndi magalimoto a ICE. Komabe, amawononga ndalama zambiri kubwereka kapena kugula, monganso mafuta awo a haidrojeni. Opanga ambiri amalipira mtengo wamafuta kwakanthawi kochepa kuti athetse mtengo wokwera, poyembekezera kuti mtengo wagalimoto ndi mafuta udzatsika pakapita nthawi.
Ku California, boma lomwe lili ndi zida zazikulu kwambiri, ngakhale zazing'ono, zolimbikitsira zidalipo. Kuyambira mu February 2016, California inapereka ndalama zochotsera magalimoto amafuta pamene ndalama zinalipo. Izi zinali mbali ya chilimbikitso cha boma chofuna kupeza magalimoto aukhondo m’misewu. Eni ake agalimoto yamafuta amafuta ayenera kufunsira galimoto yawo kuti alandire kubwezeredwa. Eni ake adzakhalanso oyenerera kulandira chikalata chowapatsa mwayi wopita kumayendedwe okwera magalimoto (HOV).
Magalimoto amafuta atha kukhala njira yothandiza mawa. Ngakhale kukwera mtengo ndi kupezeka kwa malo ochapira kukubweza kufunikira kwapakali pano, kuthekera kwakupezeka kofalikira komanso kuyendetsa bwino kudakalipo. Amawoneka ndikuchita ngati magalimoto ena ambiri pamsewu - simudzawona zodabwitsa pambuyo pa gudumu - koma amalingalira za kuthekera kwa kufalikira kwa magalimoto opanda mphamvu posachedwapa.
