Woyambira amakhala woyipa

Nthawi zambiri zoyambira zimakhala zoyipa chifukwa cha kutsika kwa batire, kukhudzana ndi nthaka, kuvala kwa tchire m'thupi lake, kuwonongeka kwa solenoid relay, kuzungulira kwa stator kapena rotor (armature) windings, kuvala kwa bendix, maburashi otayirira kwa osonkhanitsa kapena kuvala kwawo kwakukulu. .

Njira zokonzetsera zoyambira zitha kuchitidwa popanda kuchotsa msonkhanowo pampando wake, komabe, ngati izi sizikuthandizira ndipo choyambitsa chikatembenuka mwamphamvu, ndiye kuti chiyenera kuthetsedwa ndipo kuwunika kowonjezera kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi disassembly yake, kuyang'ana chachikulu chake. zosweka.

Chifukwa chake ndi chiyani	Zoti apange
Batire yofooka	Yang'anani kuchuluka kwa batire, onjezerani ngati kuli kofunikira
	Yang'anani momwe mabatire alili, ayeretseni ku dothi ndi ma oxides, ndikuwapakanso mafuta apadera.
Battery, zoyambira ndi zolumikizira pansi	yang'anani zomwe zili pa batri yokha (kulimbitsa makokedwe), waya wapansi wa injini yoyaka mkati, malo olumikizirana nawo poyambira.
Solenoid relay	yang'anani ma windings a relay ndi multimeter yamagetsi. Pa relay yogwira ntchito, mtengo wotsutsa pakati pa mafunde aliwonse ndi pansi uyenera kukhala 1 ... 3 Ohm, ndi pakati pa okhudzana ndi mphamvu 3 ... 5 Ohm. Pamene ma windings alephera, ma relay nthawi zambiri amasinthidwa.
Maburashi oyambira	Yang'anani momwe amavalira. Ngati kuvala kuli kofunika, ndiye kuti maburashi ayenera kusinthidwa.
Zoyambira zoyambira	Yang'anani momwe alili, kutanthauza, kubwereranso. Kusewera kovomerezeka ndi pafupifupi 0,5 mm. Ngati mtengo wamasewera waulere wadutsa, ma bushings amasinthidwa ndi atsopano.
Ma stator ndi rotor windings (armatures)	Pogwiritsa ntchito ma multimeter, muyenera kuwayang'ana kuti akhale otseguka, komanso kukhalapo kwa dera laling'ono pamilanduyo komanso kuzungulira kwafupipafupi. Ma windings amabwerera m'mbuyo kapena kusintha choyambira.
Sitata Bendix	Yang'anani momwe zida za bendix (makamaka zamagalimoto akale kapena magalimoto okhala ndi mtunda wautali). Ndi kuvala kwake kwakukulu, muyenera kusintha bendix kukhala yatsopano.
batala	Yang'anani momwe mafuta alili komanso kusungunuka kwake pogwiritsa ntchito dipstick. Ngati mafuta a chilimwe amatsanuliridwa mu crankcase ndipo amakula, ndiye kuti muyenera kukokera galimotoyo ku bokosi lofunda ndikusintha mafuta kumeneko m'nyengo yozizira.
kuyatsa molakwika (koyenera pamagalimoto a carburetor)	Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuyang'ana nthawi yoyatsira ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, ikani mtengo wake wolondola.
Lumikizanani ndi gulu la loko yoyatsira	Yang'anani mkhalidwe ndi mtundu wa gulu lolumikizana ndi maulumikizidwe. Ngati ndi kotheka, limbitsani kulumikizana kapena m'malo mwa gulu lolumikizana kwathunthu.
Crankshaft	Ndi bwino kupatsa diagnostics ndi kukonza kwa ambuye mu utumiki galimoto, chifukwa m`pofunika pang`ono disassemble injini kuyaka mkati ndi kuona mmene liners.

Nchifukwa chiyani sitata imayamba kuipa?

Nthawi zambiri, eni galimoto omwe amakumana ndi vuto pamene woyambira akutembenukira mosasamala amaganiza kuti batire ndi "mlandu" (kuvala kwake kwakukulu, kulipiritsa kosakwanira), makamaka ngati vutoli likuchitika pa kutentha kozungulira. M'malo mwake, kuwonjezera pa batire, palinso zifukwa zambiri zomwe choyambira chimazungulira injini yoyaka mkati kwa nthawi yayitali kuti iyambike.

1. Batire yomwe ingagulitsidwe. M'nyengo yozizira, mphamvu ya batri imachepa, ndipo imatulutsa kutsika koyambira, komwe nthawi zina sikukwanira kuti woyambitsayo agwire ntchito bwino. komanso zifukwa zimene batire si kutembenuza sitata bwino kungakhale zoipa kulankhula pa materminal. ndiko kuti, chotchinga choyipa pa mabawuti kapena pamalo a batri chimakhala ndi okosijeni.
2. Kulumikizana koyipa kwapansi. Nthawi zambiri batire imatembenuza choyambira moyipa chifukwa chosalumikizana bwino pagawo loyipa la njira yolumikizirana. Chifukwa chake chitha kukhala pakulumikizana kofooka (kumangirira kumamasulidwa) komanso kuipitsidwa kwa kukhudzana komweko (nthawi zambiri makutidwe ndi okosijeni).
3. Zoyambira zoyambira zimavala. Kuvala kwachilengedwe kwa ma starter bushings nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kuseweretsa koyambira koyambira komanso kugwira ntchito mwaulesi. Pamene axle ikuwomba kapena "kutuluka" mkati mwa nyumba yoyambira, kuzungulira kwa shaft kumakhala kovuta. Chifukwa chake, kuthamanga kwa scrolling ya flywheel ya injini yoyatsira mkati kumachepa, ndipo mphamvu yowonjezera yamagetsi kuchokera ku batri imafunika kuti izungulire.
4. Mtengo wa bendix. Ichi si chifukwa chofala kwambiri kuti sitata si kutembenuka bwino pamene batire mlandu, ndipo amapezeka kokha magalimoto ndi mtunda mkulu, kuphatikizapo amene injini kuyaka mkati nthawi zambiri anayamba ndi kutseka, potero kuchepetsa moyo sitata. Chifukwa chagona pa kuvala banal wa bendix - kuchepa kwa awiri a odzigudubuza ntchito mu khola, kukhalapo kwa malo lathyathyathya mbali imodzi ya wodzigudubuza, akupera ya malo ntchito. Chifukwa cha izi, kutsetsereka kumachitika panthawi yomwe torque imatumizidwa kuchokera ku shaft yoyambira kupita ku injini yoyaka mkati mwagalimoto.
5. Kulumikizana kosakwanira pamayendedwe oyambira a stator. Mukayamba choyambira kuchokera ku batri, mphamvu yayikulu imadutsa pazomwe mukulumikizanayo, chifukwa chake, ngati kulumikizana kuli koyipa, kumatha kutentha ndipo pamapeto pake kumatha kuzimiririka (nthawi zambiri kumagulitsidwa).
6. Kuzungulira kwakufupi mu stator kapena rotor (armature) mapindikidwe oyambira. ndicho, dera lalifupi likhoza kukhala la mitundu iwiri - pansi kapena pamlandu ndi kusokoneza. Kuwonongeka kofala kwambiri kwa mapindikidwe a armature. Mutha kuyang'ana ndi ma multimeter apakompyuta, koma ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito maimidwe apadera, omwe amapezeka pamagalimoto apadera.
7. Maburashi oyambira. vuto lalikulu apa ndi lotayirira kukwanira kwa burashi pamwamba pa commutator pamwamba. Komanso, izi zingayambitsidwe ndi zifukwa ziwiri. Choyamba ndi chofunika kwambiri kuvala burashi kapena kuwonongeka kwa makina. Chachiwiri - onaninso kupereka chifukwa cha kuchepa thupi kuwonongeka kwa mphete.
8. Kulephera pang'ono kwa solenoid relay. Ntchito yake ndikubweretsa ndi kubwerera kumalo ake oyambirira zida za bendix. Chifukwa chake, ngati relay retractor ili yolakwika, ndiye kuti imathera nthawi yochulukirapo kuti ibweretse zida za Bendix ndikuyamba kuyambitsa.
9. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a viscous kwambiri. Nthawi zina, batire silitembenuza choyambira bwino chifukwa chakuti mafuta wandiweyani amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini yoyaka moto. Zimatenga nthawi komanso mphamvu zambiri za batri kuti mupope mafuta oundana.
10. Chithunzithunzi loko. Nthawi zambiri mavuto amaoneka kuphwanya kutchinjiriza wa mawaya. Kuphatikiza apo, gulu lolumikizana ndi loko limatha kuyamba kutentha chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa malo olumikizirana, ndipo chifukwa chake, zocheperako kuposa momwe zimafunikira zimatha kupita koyambira.
11. Crankshaft. Nthawi zina, chifukwa choyambitsa sichikutembenuka bwino ndi crankshaft ndi / kapena zinthu za gulu la pisitoni. Mwachitsanzo, kuseka pa liners. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yomweyo, choyambira chimafunikira mphamvu zambiri kuti ayambitse injini yoyaka mkati.

Madalaivala ambiri sachita zodziwikiratu mokwanira ndipo amathamangira kugula batire yatsopano kapena choyambira, ndipo nthawi zambiri izi sizimawathandiza. Chifukwa chake, kuti musawononge ndalama, ndikofunikira kudziwa chifukwa chake choyambira chimatembenukira mosasamala ndi batire yoyipitsidwa ndikutenga njira zoyenera kukonza.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati choyambitsa chikasintha

Pamene choyambitsa chitembenuka molakwika, njira zowunikira ndi kukonza ziyenera kuchitidwa. Nthawi zonse ndi bwino kuyamba ndi batire ndikuyang'ana khalidwe la kukhudzana, ndiyeno pokhapokha dismantle ndi mwina disassemble sitata ndi kuchita diagnostics.

• Onani mtengo wa batri. Zilibe kanthu ngati gearbox sikuyenda bwino kapena batire yanthawi zonse iyenera kuyimbidwa. Izi ndi zoona makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, pamene usiku kunja kutentha kwa mpweya kumatsika pansi pa ziro Celsius. Choncho, ngati batire (ngakhale latsopano) ndi osachepera 15% kutulutsidwa, ndiye m'pofunika kulipiritsa pogwiritsa ntchito charger. Ngati batire ndi yakale ndipo / kapena yatha mphamvu zake, ndi bwino kuyisintha ndi yatsopano.
• Onetsetsani kuti ma terminals a batri ndi magetsi oyambira alumikizidwa modalirika.. Ngati pali matumba a okosijeni (dzimbiri) pazitsulo za batri, ndiye kuti izi ndizovuta. onetsetsaninso kuti chotchinga cha mawaya amphamvu ndicholimba. Samalani ndi kukhudzana pa sitata palokha. Ndikoyenera kuyang'ana "pigtail of the mass", yomwe imagwirizanitsa ndendende thupi la injini ndi galimoto. Ngati zolumikizanazo sizili bwino, ndiye kuti ziyenera kutsukidwa ndikumangidwa.

Kodi mfundo zimene zili pamwambazi zinathandiza? Kenako muyenera kuchotsa choyambira kuti muyang'ane ndikuyang'ana zinthu zake zoyambira. Kupatulapo kungakhale ngati choyambitsa chatsopano chikutembenuka moyipa, ndiye ngati si batri ndi olumikizana nawo, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyang'ana chifukwa chake mu injini yoyaka moto. Kufufuza koyambira kuyenera kuchitidwa motsatira ndondomeko iyi:

• Solenoid relay. Ndikofunikira kuyimba ma windings onse awiri pogwiritsa ntchito tester. Kukaniza pakati pa ma windings ndi "misa" amayezedwa awiriawiri. Pa relay yogwira ntchito idzakhala pafupifupi 1 ... 3 Ohm. Kukaniza pakati pa kukhudzana ndi mphamvu kuyenera kukhala kwa dongosolo la 3 ... 5 ohms. Ngati izi zimakonda kukhala ziro, ndiye kuti pali dera lalifupi. Ma relay ambiri amakono a solenoid amapangidwa mwanjira yosalekanitsa, kotero kuti node ikalephera, imangosinthidwa.
• Maburashi. Amatha mwachilengedwe, koma sangafanane bwino chifukwa cha kusintha kwa maburashi pokhudzana ndi commutator. Chilichonse chomwe chinali, muyenera kuyang'ana momwe maburashi alili. Zovala zazing'ono ndizovomerezeka, koma siziyenera kukhala zotsutsa. Komanso, kuvala kuyenera kukhala kokha mu ndege yokhudzana ndi wokhometsa, kuwonongeka sikuloledwa pa burashi yonse. kawirikawiri, maburashi amamangiriridwa ku msonkhano ndi bawuti kapena soldering. Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kulumikizana kofananirako, ngati kuli kofunikira, kuwongolera. Ngati maburashi atha, ayenera kusinthidwa ndi atsopano.
• tchire. M’kupita kwa nthawi, amatopa n’kuyamba kusewera. Mtengo wovomerezeka wa backlash ndi pafupifupi 0,5 mm, ngati upitilizidwa, tchire liyenera kusinthidwa ndi zatsopano. Kusalongosoka kwa tchire kungayambitse kusinthasintha kovutirapo kwa rotor yoyambira, komanso kuti m'malo ena maburashi sangagwirizane bwino ndi commutator.
• Tsekani makina ochapira kutsogolo kwa gulu la burashi. Poyimitsa, onetsetsani kuti choyimitsacho chazikika, chifukwa nthawi zambiri chimangowuluka. Pali kuthamanga kwautali motsatira axis. Kumeta ubweya kumapangitsa kuti maburashi apachike, makamaka ngati atavala kwambiri.
• Stator ndi / kapena kuzungulira kwa rotor. Kuzungulira kwafupipafupi kapena dera lalifupi "mpaka pansi" likhoza kuchitika mwa iwo. komanso njira imodzi ndikuphwanya kukhudzana kwa ma windings. Ma windings a armature ayenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti awoneke otseguka komanso afupi. Komanso, pogwiritsa ntchito multimeter, muyenera kuyang'ana mafunde a stator. Kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mtengo wofananira udzasiyana, komabe, pafupifupi, kukana kozungulira kuli m'chigawo cha 10 kOhm. Ngati mtengo wofananirayo ndi wocheperako, ndiye kuti izi zitha kuwonetsa zovuta pakumangirira, kuphatikiza kuzungulira kwafupipafupi. Izi zimachepetsa mwachindunji mphamvu ya electromotive, ndipo, molingana ndi momwe zimakhalira pamene choyambitsa sichikutembenukira bwino, ozizira komanso otentha.
• Sitata Bendix. Chikhalidwe cha clutch chodutsa chimayang'aniridwa. Ndikoyenera kuyang'anitsitsa magiya. Pakakhala kuvala kosafunikira, mawu omveka achitsulo amatha kuchokera pamenepo. Izi zikusonyeza kuti bendix akuyesera kumamatira ku flywheel, koma nthawi zambiri sapambana pa kuyesa koyamba, choncho amatembenuza choyambira kwa nthawi yaitali asanayambe injini yoyaka mkati. Madalaivala ena amasintha magawo amtundu wa bendix kwa atsopano (mwachitsanzo, odzigudubuza), komabe, monga momwe zimasonyezera, zimakhala zosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo (pamapeto pake) m'malo mwa chipangizocho ndi chatsopano, m'malo mochikonza.

Ngati mukutsimikiza kuti choyambitsa chikugwira ntchito, ndiye kuti samalani ndi injini yoyaka mkati.

batala. Nthawi zina eni galimoto amavutika kuzindikira mamasukidwe akayendedwe a mafuta ndi moyo utumiki wake. Chifukwa chake, ngati chikukula, ndiye kuti mutembenuze shaft ya injini, choyambiracho chiyenera kuyesetsa kwambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake amatha kupota mwamphamvu "ozizira" m'nyengo yozizira. kuti muchotse vutoli, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito yoyenera galimoto inayake, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyengo yozizira (yokhala ndi kutentha kochepa, mwachitsanzo, 0W-20, 0W-30, 5W-30). Kulingalira kofananako kulinso koyenera ngati mafuta agwiritsidwa ntchito motalika kwambiri kuposa mtunda woperekedwa popanda kusinthidwa kwathunthu.

Crankshaft. Ngati mavuto amawonedwa mu ntchito ya gulu pisitoni, iwo akhoza anazindikira ndi angapo kusintha zina mu ntchito ya injini kuyaka mkati. Zikhale momwe zingakhalire, ndi bwino kupita ku dipatimenti ya diagnostics, chifukwa kudziyesa nokha sikutheka chifukwa chakuti mudzafunika zipangizo zina. Kuphatikiza apo, mungafunike kusokoneza pang'ono injini yoyaka mkati kuti muzindikire.

Zotsatira

Ngati choyambira sichikuyenda bwino, ndipo makamaka kukakhala kozizira, choyamba muyenera kuyang'ana mtengo wa batri, mtundu wa mawaya ake, ma terminals, momwe mawaya alili pakati pa choyambira, batire, chosinthira choyatsira. , makamaka tcheru khutu pansi. Pamene chirichonse chiri mu dongosolo ndi zinthu kutchulidwa, ndiye muyenera dismantle sitata galimoto ndi kuchita diagnostics mwatsatanetsatane. Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kaphatikizidwe ka solenoid, kusonkhana kwa burashi, ma stator ndi ma rotor windings, momwe ma bushings alili, momwe zimalumikizirana ndi ma windings. Ndipo, ndithudi, ntchito otsika mamasukidwe akayendedwe mafuta m'nyengo yozizira!