Kusintha kwa zida pamakanika

Monga mukudziwa, buku kufala akadali mmodzi wa ambiri mitundu HIV. Eni magalimoto ambiri amakonda bokosi loterolo ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zotengera zodziwikiratu chifukwa cha kudalirika kwake, kuwongolera bwino, kukonza, komanso kuthekera koyendetsa galimoto.

Ponena za oyamba kumene, vuto lokhalo kwa oyendetsa novice ndizovuta kuphunzira kuyendetsa galimoto ndi kufala kwamanja. Mfundo ndi yakuti kufala kwa makina kumatanthawuza kutenga nawo mbali mwachindunji kwa dalaivala (magiya amasinthidwa pamanja).

Kuphatikiza apo, dalaivala amayenera kukhumudwitsa nthawi zonse clutch poyendetsa kuti asankhe bwino zida zomwe akufuna, poganizira zolemetsa pa injini yoyaka mkati, liwiro lagalimoto, zikhalidwe zamsewu, kufalitsa pamanja, ndi zina zambiri.

Momwe mungasinthire magiya pamakanika: kuyendetsa galimoto ndi kufalitsa pamanja

Choncho, poyendetsa galimoto ndi kufala pamanja, muyenera kudziwa mfundo ya kusintha zida. Choyamba, mukamasuntha kapena kutsitsa giya, komanso osalowerera ndale, ndikofunikira kutsitsa clutch.

M'mawu osavuta, clutch ndi gearbox zimagwirizana kwambiri, monga kusokoneza clutch kumapangitsa injini ndi gearbox kuti "zisungunuke" kuti zisunthike bwino kuchokera ku gear kupita ku yotsatira.

Ponena za ndondomeko ya gearshift yokha, nthawi yomweyo timawona kuti pali njira zosiyanasiyana (kuphatikizapo masewera), koma chiwembu chofala kwambiri ndi kumasulidwa kwa clutch, kusuntha zida, pambuyo pake dalaivala amamasula clutch.

Tiyenera kutsindika kuti pamene clutch ikuvutika maganizo, ndiye kuti, pamene mukusuntha magiya, pali kusokonezeka kwa kayendedwe ka mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita ku mawilo oyendetsa galimoto. Galimoto panthawiyi ikungogudubuzika ndi inertia. Komanso, posankha zida, ndikofunikira komanso koyenera kuganizira liwiro lomwe galimotoyo ikuyenda.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti ndi kusankha kolakwika kwa chiŵerengero cha zida, liwiro la injini likhoza "kukwera" kwambiri kapena kugwa kwambiri. Mu nkhani yachiwiri, galimoto pa liwiro otsika akhoza kungoyimitsa, traction kutha (omwe ndi owopsa pamene anadutsa).

Pachiyambi choyamba, pamene giya ili "yotsika" kwambiri poyerekeza ndi liwiro la kuyenda, kugogoda kwamphamvu kumamveka pamene clutch imatulutsidwa kwambiri. Mofananamo, galimoto imayamba kutsika mwachangu (ndizotheka ngakhale kutsika kwambiri, kukumbukira kuphulika mwadzidzidzi), monga momwe zimatchedwa braking injini ndi gearbox.

Katundu wotere amawononga zonse zowalamulira ndi injini, kufala, zigawo zina ndi misonkhano ya galimoto. Poganizira zomwe tafotokozazi, zikuwonekeratu kuti muyenera kusinthana bwino, gwirani ntchito mosamala chopondapo cha clutch, sankhani zida zoyenera, poganizira zinthu zingapo ndi zikhalidwe, ndi zina zotero. kuyenda kwa mphamvu ndi kutayika kwa mphamvu. Choncho ulendowu udzakhala wokwera mtengo kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mafuta.

Tsopano tiyeni tione nthawi yosinthira magiya. Monga lamulo, kutengera zizindikiro zapakati (chiŵerengero cha liwiro la liwiro ndi magiya a magiya okha), kusintha kumaonedwa kuti ndikoyenera kwa bokosi la gearbox-liwiro zisanu:

• Njira yoyamba: 0-20 km / h
• Kuthamanga kwachiwiri: 20-40 km / h
• Kuthamanga kwachitatu: 40-60 km / h
• Magiya achinayi: 60-80 km/h
• Magiya achisanu: 80 mpaka 100 km/h

Ponena za zida zam'mbuyo, akatswiri samalangiza kuyesa kuyendetsa pa liwiro lalikulu, chifukwa nthawi zina katundu wambiri amayambitsa phokoso ndi kulephera kwa gearbox.

Tikuwonjezeranso kuti ziwerengero zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi zowerengera, popeza pali zinthu zingapo payekhapayekha komanso mikhalidwe yamisewu iyenera kuganiziridwa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati galimoto si yodzaza, kumayenda pa msewu lathyathyathya, palibe zoonekeratu kukana anagubuduza, ndiye n'zotheka kusinthana malinga ndi chiwembu pamwamba.

Ngati galimotoyo imayendetsedwa pa chipale chofewa, ayezi, mchenga kapena pamsewu, galimotoyo ikukwera, kupitirira kapena kuyendetsa ikufunika, ndiye kuti kusinthaku kuyenera kupangidwa posachedwa (malingana ndi zikhalidwe). Mwachidule, zingakhale zofunikira "kukweza" injini mu gear yotsika kapena upshift kuti muteteze magudumu, ndi zina zotero.

Monga momwe zimasonyezera, nthawi zambiri, zida zoyamba ndizofunikira kuti galimoto iyambe. Chachiwiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthamangitsa (ngati kuli kofunikira, yogwira) mpaka 40-60 km / h, yachitatu ndi yoyenera kupitilira ndikuthamangitsa liwiro la 50-80 km / h, zida zachinayi ndikusunga liwiro komanso yogwira mathamangitsidwe pa liwiro la 80-90 Km / h , pamene chachisanu ndi "chuma" kwambiri ndipo amakulolani kusuntha mumsewu pa liwiro la 90-100 Km / h.

Momwe mungasinthire magiya pamayendedwe apamanja

Kusintha zida muyenera:

• kumasula accelerator pedal ndipo nthawi yomweyo kugwetsa clutch pedal kuyimitsidwa (mukhoza kufinya kwambiri);
• ndiye, pamene mukugwira clutch, bwino ndi mwamsanga zimitsani zida zamakono (posuntha giya lamagetsi kumalo osalowerera ndale);
• pambuyo pa kusalowerera ndale, giya yotsatira (mmwamba kapena pansi) imagwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo;
• Mukhozanso kukanikiza pang'onopang'ono accelerator pedal musanayambe kuyatsa, kuwonjezera pang'ono liwiro la injini (giya idzayatsa mosavuta komanso momveka bwino), ndizotheka kubwezera pang'ono kutayika kwa liwiro;
• mutatha kusintha giya, clutch imatha kumasulidwa kwathunthu, pomwe kukoka mwamphamvu sikuvomerezeka;
• tsopano mukhoza kuwonjezera gasi ndi kupitiriza kuyenda mu giya lotsatira;

Mwa njira, kufalitsa kwamanja kumakupatsani mwayi kuti musatsatire momveka bwino, ndiye kuti, kuthamanga kumatha kusinthidwa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati galimoto Imathandizira kuti 70 Km / h mu giya yachiwiri, mukhoza yomweyo kuyatsa 4 ndi zina zotero.

Chinthu chokha chimene muyenera kumvetsa ndi chakuti pamenepa liwiro lidzachepa kwambiri, ndiko kuti, mathamangitsidwe owonjezera sadzakhala kwambiri monga giya 3. Mwa fanizo, ngati downshift chinkhoswe (mwachitsanzo, pambuyo chachisanu, nthawi yomweyo wachitatu), ndi liwiro ndi mkulu, ndiye liwiro injini akhoza kuwonjezeka kwambiri.

 Zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana poyendetsa makanika

Monga lamulo, pakati pa zolakwa zanthawi zonse za madalaivala a novice, munthu amatha kutulutsa zovuta pakumasula clutch poyambira, komanso kusankha zida zolakwika ndi dalaivala, poganizira momwe zinthu zilili komanso liwiro lagalimoto.

Nthawi zambiri kwa oyamba kumene, kusintha kumachitika mwadzidzidzi, limodzi ndi jerks ndi kugogoda, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa zigawo za munthu ndi mlandu womwewo. Izi zimachitika kuti injini nayenso amavutika (mwachitsanzo, kuyendetsa galimoto 5 kukwera pa liwiro lotsika), "zala" mu mphete injini ndi kugogoda, detonation akuyamba.

Si zachilendo kuti dalaivala wa novice atsitsimutse injini kwambiri mu giya yoyamba ndiyeno kuyendetsa pa giya yachiwiri kapena yachitatu pa 60-80 km/h m’malo mokwera. Zotsatira zake ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri, katundu wosafunika pa injini yoyaka mkati ndi kufalitsa.

Timawonjezeranso kuti nthawi zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto ndi ntchito yolakwika ya clutch pedal. Mwachitsanzo, chizolowezi chosayika gearbox osalowerera ndale mukamayimitsa magalimoto pamalo oyendera magalimoto, ndiye kuti, kusunga ma clutch ndi ma brake pedals nthawi yomweyo, pomwe zida zimagwirabe ntchito. Chizoloŵezi ichi chimayambitsa kuvala mofulumira komanso kulephera kwa kumasulidwa kwa clutch.

Kuwonjezera apo, madalaivala ena amangoponda phazi lawo pa clutch pedal pamene akuyendetsa galimoto, ngakhale kuifooketsa pang’ono ndipo motero amawongolera kakokedwe kake. Izinso ndi zolakwika. Malo olondola a phazi lakumanzere pa nsanja yapadera pafupi ndi clutch pedal. Komanso, chizolowezi choyika phazi pa clutch pedal kumabweretsa kutopa, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu yothamanga. Tikuwonanso kuti ndikofunikira kusintha bwino mpando wa dalaivala kuti ukhale wosavuta kufikira chiwongolero, ma pedals ndi gear lever.

Pomaliza, ndikufuna kuwonjezera kuti pophunzira m'galimoto yokhala ndi zimango, tachometer imatha kukuthandizani kusintha magiya oyenda bwino. Ndipotu, malinga tachometer, amene amasonyeza liwiro la injini, mukhoza kudziwa nthawi ya kusuntha zida.

Pakuti injini kuyaka mkati mafuta mphindi mulingo woyenera akhoza kuganiziridwa za 2500-3000 zikwi rpm, ndi injini dizilo - 1500-2000 rpm. M'tsogolomu, dalaivala amazolowera, nthawi yosinthira imatsimikiziridwa ndi khutu ndi zomverera za katundu pa injini, ndiye kuti, kuthamanga kwa injini "kumveka" mwachilengedwe.