Kuchokera ku nsanja yamakono yotsamira mpaka ku robo-gulugufe

Mu "MT" tafotokoza mobwerezabwereza zodabwitsa zodziwika bwino zamakono zamakono. Tikudziwa zambiri za CERN Large Hadron Collider, International Space Station, Channel Tunnel, Damu la Three Gorges ku China, milatho ngati Chipata Chagolide ku San Francisco, Akashi Kaikyo ku Tokyo, Millau Viaduct ku France, ndi ena ambiri. . zodziwika, zofotokozedwa m'mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana. Yakwana nthawi yoti musamalire zinthu zomwe sizimadziwika bwino, koma zosiyanitsidwa ndi uinjiniya woyambirira ndi mayankho apangidwe.

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi nsanja yamakono ya Leaning Tower kapena Capital Gate ku Abu Dhabi (1), United Arab Emirates, yomwe idamalizidwa mu 2011. Iyi ndiye nyumba yomwe imakonda kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Imapendekeka mpaka madigiri 18 - kuwirikiza kanayi kukula kwa Leaning Tower of Pisa yotchuka - ndipo ili ndi nsanjika 35 ndipo ndi yotalika mamita 160. Akatswiriwo anabowola milu 490 pamtunda wa pafupifupi mamita 30 kuti asagwere pansi. Mkati mwa nyumbayi muli maofesi, malo ogulitsa komanso malo ogulitsa bwino. Nyumbayi ilinso ndi Hyatt Capital Gate Hotel komanso heliport.

Msewu wautali kwambiri ku Norway, Laerdal ndi msewu womwe uli m'mapiri a Hornsnipa ndi Jeronnosi. Ngalandeyi imadutsa mumsewu wolimba wa mamita 24. Inamangidwa pochotsa miyala yokwana ma kiyubiki mita 510 miliyoni. Ili ndi mafani akulu omwe amayeretsa ndikutulutsa mpweya. Laerdal Tunnel ndiye ngalande yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi yokhala ndi makina oyeretsera mpweya.

Njira yojambulirayi ndi chiyambi chabe cha ntchito ina yosangalatsa ya zomangamanga zaku Norway. Pali mapulani okweza msewu wa E39 wolumikiza Kristiansand kumwera kwa dzikolo ndi Trondheim, yomwe ili pamtunda wamakilomita chikwi kumpoto. Idzakhala dongosolo lonse la ma tunnel ophwanya mbiri, milatho kudutsa fjords ndi ... ndizovuta kupeza nthawi yoyenera ya ngalande zoyandama m'madzi, kapena milatho yokhala ndi misewu osati pamwamba koma pansi pa madzi. Iyenera kudutsa pansi pa Sognefjord yotchuka, yomwe ndi 3,7 km m'lifupi ndi 1,3 km kuya, kotero zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri kumanga mlatho ndi ngalande yachikhalidwe pano.

Pankhani ya ngalande yomira, mitundu iwiri imaganiziridwa - mapaipi akulu oyandama okhala ndi tinjira tating'onoting'ono toyandama (2) ndi kusankha kumangirira mapaipi pansi ndi zingwe. Monga gawo la polojekiti ya E39, mumphangayo pansi pa Rogfast fjord. Idzakhala kutalika kwa 27 km ndipo idzayenda mamita 390 pamwamba pa nyanja - kotero idzakhala ngalande yakuya kwambiri pansi pa madzi yomwe yamangidwa mpaka pano padziko lapansi. E39 yatsopanoyo imangidwa mkati mwa zaka 30. Ngati ichita bwino, idzakhaladi imodzi mwazozizwitsa zaumisiri zazaka za zana la XNUMX.

2. Kuwona ngalande yoyandama pansi pa Sognefjord

Chodabwitsa chodabwitsa cha uinjiniya ndi Falkirk Wheel ku Scotland (3), mawonekedwe apadera a 115m ozungulira omwe amakweza ndi kutsitsa mabwato pakati pa mitsinje yamadzi mosiyanasiyana (kusiyana kwa 35m), omangidwa kuchokera ku matani opitilira 1200 achitsulo, oyendetsedwa ndi ma hydraulic motors khumi ndipo ali. okhoza kukweza nthawi imodzi mabwato asanu ndi atatu. Gudumulo limatha kunyamula njovu za ku Africa XNUMX.

Pafupifupi chodabwitsa chaukadaulo chomwe sichikudziwika padziko lonse lapansi ndi denga la bwalo lamasewera la Melbourne, AAMI Park, ku Australia (4). Linapangidwa pophatikiza tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tolumikizana kukhala mawonekedwe a dome. 50 peresenti yagwiritsidwa ntchito. chitsulo chocheperako kuposa momwe amapangira ma cantilever. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zomangira zomwe zidasinthidwanso zidagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mapangidwewa amasonkhanitsa madzi amvula kuchokera padenga ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pogwiritsa ntchito makina apamwamba kwambiri opangira nyumba.

4 Melbourne Rectangular Stadium

Yomangidwa m'mphepete mwa phiri lalikulu ku Zhangjiajie National Forest Park ku China, ndipo Bailong Elevator (5) ndiye chikepe chachitali kwambiri komanso cholemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kutalika kwake ndi mamita 326, ndipo amatha kunyamula anthu 50 ndi 18 nthawi imodzi. tsiku ndi tsiku. Chombocho chinatsegulidwa kwa anthu mu 2002, chikepecho chinalembedwa m'buku la Guinness Book of Records monga chikepe chachitali kwambiri komanso cholemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Kukwera mapiri ku China sikungakhale kodziwikanso, koma kutali ku Vietnam, posachedwapa kwapangidwa chinachake chomwe chingapikisane nacho pamutu wa zomangamanga zodabwitsa. Tikulankhula za Cau Vang (mlatho wagolide), malo owonera ma mita 150 komwe mungayang'anire malo okongola a Da Nang. Mlatho wa Cau Wang, womwe unatsegulidwa mu June, uli pamtunda wa mamita 1400 pamwamba pa nyanja ya South China Sea, yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya anthu omwe amadutsa pa mlathowo. Pafupi ndi mlatho wapansi pali malo a UNESCO World Heritage Sites - Cham Sanctuary ku Mu Son ndi Hoi An - doko lakale lomwe lili ndi nyumba zapadera zaku China, Vietnamese ndi Japan kuyambira zaka za 6th-XNUMXth. Mikono yakalekale yochirikiza mlatho (XNUMX) imanena za cholowa chakale cha Vietnam.

Lembani mapangidwe mosiyana

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti masiku ano, ntchito za uinjiniya siziyenera kukhala zazikulu, zazikulu kwambiri, zazikulu, zolemera, komanso zothamanga kuti ziwonekere. M'malo mwake, zinthu zazing'ono kwambiri, zofulumira komanso zazing'ono zimagwira ntchito, zimakhala zazikulu kapena zochititsa chidwi kwambiri.

Chaka chatha, gulu lapadziko lonse la akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo linapanga makina a ion otchedwa "motor yaing'ono kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi." Kwenikweni ndi calcium ion imodzi, 10 biliyoni nthawi yaying'ono kuposa injini ya galimoto, yomwe inapangidwa ndi gulu la asayansi lotsogoleredwa ndi Prof. Ferdinand Schmidt-Kahler ndi Ulrich Poschinger ku yunivesite ya Johannes Gutenberg ku Mainz, Germany.

"Thupi logwira ntchito" mu injini ya ion limazungulira, ndiye kuti, gawo la torque pamlingo wa atomiki. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutembenuza mphamvu yotentha ya matabwa a laser kukhala kugwedezeka kapena kugwedezeka kwa ion yotsekeredwa. Kugwedezeka uku kumachita ngati gudumu la ntchentche ndipo mphamvu zawo zimasamutsidwa mu quanta. "Njira yathu yowulukira imayesa mphamvu ya injini pa sikelo ya atomiki," akufotokoza motero wolemba nawo kafukufuku Mark Mitchison wa QuSys ku Trinity College Dublin m'mawu atolankhani. Injini ikapuma, imatchedwa "nthaka" yokhala ndi mphamvu yotsika kwambiri komanso yokhazikika, monga momwe fizikiki ya quantum imaneneratu. Kenako, atalimbikitsidwa ndi mtengo wa laser, monga gulu lofufuza lipoti mu lipoti lawo la kafukufuku, ion thruster "ikukankhira" flywheel, ndikupangitsa kuti iziyenda mofulumira komanso mofulumira.

Mu Meyi chaka chino ku Chemnitz Technical University. Asayansi ochokera ku gululo adapanga loboti yaying'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi, komanso ndi "injini za jet" (7). Chipangizocho, 0,8 mm kutalika, 0,8 mm m'lifupi ndi 0,14 mm msinkhu, chimasuntha kumasula mitsinje iwiri ya thovu m'madzi.

7. Nanobots yokhala ndi "ma injini a jet"

Robo-kuwuluka (8) ndi loboti yaying'ono yowuluka ya tizilombo yopangidwa ndi asayansi ku Harvard. Imalemera zosakwana gilamu imodzi ndipo ili ndi minofu yamagetsi yothamanga kwambiri yomwe imalola kugunda mapiko ake ka 120 pa sekondi ndikuwuluka (pa chingwe). Zimapangidwa ndi kaboni fiber, zomwe zimapatsa kulemera kwa 106mg. Kutalika kwa tsinde 3 cm.

Zochita zochititsa chidwi za m'nthaŵi zamakono sizimangokhala zazikulu pamwamba pa nthaka kapena makina ang'onoang'ono odabwitsa omwe amatha kudutsa pomwe palibe galimoto yomwe idadutsapo. Mosakayikira, luso lamakono lamakono ndi gulu la nyenyezi la SpaceX Starlink (onaninso: ), kutsogola, kupita patsogolo kwanzeru zopanga, ma generative adversarial networks (GANs), kuchulukirachulukira kwaukadaulo womasulira zilankhulo zenizeni zenizeni, kulumikizana kwaubongo ndi makompyuta, ndi zina zotero. Ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali yobisika chifukwa imatengedwa ngati ukadaulo zodabwitsa za m'ma XNUMX. zana sizikuwonekera kwa aliyense, poyang'ana koyamba.