Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti galimoto iyime pamene ikuyendetsa

Nthawi zambiri panjanji, injini imayimilira popita, pakapita nthawi imayatsa. Izi zingapangitse ngozi. Vutoli limawonedwa m'magalimoto opanga zoweta komanso magalimoto akunja.

Zifukwa za injini yoyimitsidwa:

1. Mafuta olakwika.
2. Palibe moto
3. Cholakwika chaukadaulo.

Mfundo yomaliza ndi yomveka bwino: galimotoyo imayenda mosagwirizana, phokoso, kenako imayima.

Mtundu wamafuta

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa ndi otsika khalidwe mafuta, kusagwirizana ndi zofunika galimoto mawu octane nambala. Dalaivala ayenera kukumbukira komwe ndi mtundu wa mafuta omwe galimotoyo idawonjezeredwa komaliza. Ngati zikusonyezedwa kuti injini ayenera kuthamanga AI-95 kapena AI-98, n'koopsa kutsanulira AI-92 mu thanki.

Vutoli limayamba chifukwa cha mafuta: pamene accelerator pedal akuvutika maganizo kwambiri, liwiro silimawonjezeka, pamene clutch ikuvutika maganizo, mphamvu yamagetsi imakhazikika. Mkhalidwewo ukufotokozedwa ndi mphamvu yofooka, yopereka mafuta oipa.

Kuthetsa mavuto kumafuna:

1. Kukhetsa mafuta.
2. Tsukani injini.
3. Tsukani zingwe zonse zamafuta.
4. Bwezerani zosefera mafuta.

Injini zamagalimoto zimakhudzidwa ndi mtundu wamafuta.

Kuthetheka pulagi

Galimoto imayima chifukwa cha ma spark plugs: zolumikizira zotsekeka, mapangidwe a plaque, magetsi olakwika.

Ngati chophimba chakuda chikuwonekera pa makandulo, kuwala kowoneka bwino sikungapangidwe. Kukhalapo kwa dothi pazolumikizana kukuwonetsa mafuta otsika kwambiri. Kuipitsidwaku kumachitika chifukwa chakusokonekera kwa njira yoperekera mafuta.

Madontho akuda amawonekera pa makandulo

Mafuta pa makandulo ndi chizindikiro cha kuwonongeka. Galimoto iyenera kutumizidwa kuti idziwe. Kunyalanyaza vutoli kungayambitse kukonzanso kodula.

Chenjerani! Ngati ma spark plugs alephera, injini imathamanga mosagwirizana, galimotoyo imagwedezeka pamene ikuyendetsa, kuyima nthawi ndi nthawi, ndipo imayamba movutikira. Ngati pali zokutira zofiirira zofiira pamalumikizidwe, mafuta otsika amathiridwa mu thanki. Makandulo pankhaniyi ayenera kusinthidwa.

Supottle

Chifukwa cha vuto ndi throttle kuipitsidwa. Zomwe galimotoyo imayendera pa accelerator pedal yachedwa, kuthamanga sikuli kofanana, injini zosungiramo injini, gawolo liyenera kutsukidwa. Zofunikira:

1. Gulani chida chapadera kuchokera kumalo ogulitsira magalimoto.
2. Chotsani shock absorber.
3. Muzimutsuka bwino.
4. Chonde yikaninso.

Ngati njirazi sizikuthandizani, vuto liri ndi magetsi.

M'magalimoto opangidwa ndi mayiko ena, valve yothamanga imatha kulephera. Kenako, mukasiya gasi, injini imayima. Gawoli liri ndi udindo wobwezeretsa chotsitsa chododometsa pamalo ake abwino, kuchotsa mipata.

Kuti muwone chotsitsa cha shock, muyenera:

1. Kutenthetsa injini kutentha ntchito.
2. Tsegulani shutter pamanja.
3. Siyani mwadzidzidzi.

Gawolo liyenera kubwereranso kumalire, kuyimitsa ndikumaliza osati mwachangu. Ngati palibe kutsika komwe kumawonedwa, damper ndiyolakwika. Iyenera kusinthidwa, kukonza sikutheka.

Vavu yakuda ya throttle

Woyendetsa liwiro

Pa zitsanzo za VAZ ndi injini ya 8- kapena 16-valve ndi magalimoto akunja, mphamvu yamagetsi imayamba ndikuyima chifukwa cha IAC. Dzina lolakwika ndi sensor liwiro lopanda ntchito, dzina lolondola ndi lowongolera.

Chipangizochi chimayang'anira liwiro la mota ndikuwongolera. Popanda ntchito, injini imasiya kugwira ntchito kapena kuthamanga kosagwirizana kumawonedwa - gawolo ndi lolakwika. Posamutsa gearbox kuti ikhale yosalowerera ndale, injini idayima; muyenera kusintha owongolera.

Zizindikiro zofananira nthawi zina zimawonedwa ndi kugunda kwauve. Ndi bwino kuyeretsa poyamba.

Fyuluta yamlengalenga

Kusintha zosefera m'galimoto ndi njira yofunika yokonza yomwe anthu ambiri amaiwala. Zotsatira zake, fyulutayo imakhala yotsekedwa, ntchito ya mphamvu yamagetsi ndi machitidwe amasokonezeka. Ngati pali dothi kapena kuwonongeka kwakukulu, injiniyo idzayenda mosagwirizana, movutikira; mukasindikiza kapena kumasula chopondapo chothamangitsira, imayima.

Chenjerani! Momwemonso, injini imasiya ngati XX regulator ikulephera.

Kuti muwone ngati zasokonekera, ndikofunikira kugawa fyuluta ndikuyiyang'ana kuti iwonongeke. Ngati yadetsedwa kapena yatha, iyenera kusinthidwa.

Fyuluta yotsekeka ya mpweya

Fyuluta yamafuta

Chosefera chonyansa chamafuta ndi chifukwa china chomwe galimoto imayimilira poyendetsa. Gawoli limayikidwa pamagalimoto onse. Vuto ndi chipangizo limapezeka pakati pa eni magalimoto ogwiritsidwa ntchito. Zosefera zimayiwalika ndipo sizisinthidwa kawirikawiri.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, dothi limakhala lotsekedwa, zimakhala zovuta kuti mafuta adutse mumsewu, palibe chipinda choyaka moto. Mafuta amatha kuyenda pang'onopang'ono, kotero kuti sangathe kufika. Ngati fyulutayo yatsekeka, makinawo amayima mukasindikiza chowongolera chowongolera.

Ndikofunikira kusokoneza mpope wamafuta, kuchotsa fyuluta ndikuyika ina. Palibe chifukwa choyeretsa - mtengo wa gawolo ndi wochepa.

Pampu yamafuta

Pampu yamafuta yolakwika imatha kupangitsa kuti galimotoyo iziyenda bwino kwakanthawi ndikuyima. Zolephera zimayamba mu makina, mafuta samalowa m'zipinda kapena kulowa pang'ono.

Poyamba, injiniyo idzakhala yopanda ntchito, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa liwiro idzayima, pamene pompayo imalephera, sichidzayamba.

Pampu yamafuta imakonzedwa mosavuta, koma vutolo likhoza kuyambiranso, choncho ndi bwino kusintha. Chigawochi chili pansi pa mpando wakumbuyo.

M'chilimwe, pampu yamafuta imatha kugwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha kutentha kwamafuta. Izi zimachitika mu classic magalimoto Soviet. Kuti muchotse vutoli, muyenera kuzimitsa injini ndikudikirira kuti mafuta azizizira.

Mavuto ndi zida zamagetsi

Injini yamagalimoto imasiya kugwira ntchito ndikuyendetsa chifukwa cha vuto lamagetsi. Poyamba, muyenera kuyang'ana misa yonse.

Mabatire amatha kukhala omasuka, osalumikizana bwino, opanda mphamvu, nthawi zambiri samakhala vuto.

Kulumikizana kwa jenereta kuyenera kufufuzidwa. Pambuyo pokonza, mbuyeyo angaiwale kulimbitsa ma terminals, ndipo chipangizocho sichidzalipira. Batire idzatulutsidwa kwathunthu, injini idzayima paulendo. Malo jenereta pa zitsanzo Vaz-2115, 2110 ndi 2112 ofanana.

Alternator ikhoza kulephera kapena lamba amatha kusweka. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi chithunzi pa dashboard. Ndikoyenera kuyendera galimoto yamagalimoto, kukonza galimoto kungayambitse kuwonongeka.

Muyenera kuyang'ana misa yomwe imachokera ku minus ya kutumiza kwa injini kupita ku injini. Pofuna kupewa, ma terminals amatsukidwa ndikuthiridwa ndi mafuta apadera.

Chifukwa chake ndikusokonekera kwa zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri. Osakonzedwa - ayenera kusinthidwa.

Koyala koyatsira kolakwika

Ngati koyilo yoyatsira sikugwira ntchito, injini imayimilira pafupipafupi. Pali kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta, kutsika kwa mphamvu zamagalimoto, kusayamba bwino kwa injini.

Mphamvu yamagetsi imayamba "kugwedezeka", makamaka mvula, liwiro silili lofanana. Kusokonekera kumasonyezedwa ndi chizindikiro pa dashboard.

Kuti muwonetsetse kuti coil ndi yolakwika, muyenera:

1. Ikakhala "katatu", chotsani kutembenukira kumodzi. Pamene chokonzedweratu chichotsedwa, zosinthazo zidzayamba "kuyandama" mwamphamvu kwambiri, kuchotsedwa kwa wolakwika sikungasinthe chilichonse.
2. Ngati gawolo silikugwira ntchito, kandulo idzakhala yonyowa, yokhala ndi zokutira zakuda, kukana kumakhala kosiyana.

Chenjerani! Magalimoto a VAZ okhala ndi injini ya 8-valve ali ndi gawo loyatsira, lomwe ntchito yake ndi yofanana ndi ya ma coils.

Vacuum brake booster

Mphamvu yamagetsi imasiya kugwira ntchito pamene mabuleki akanikizidwa; vuto lili mu vacuum booster. Chipangizocho chimalumikizidwa ndi payipi kumitundu yambiri yolowera.

Diaphragm yomwe ili ndi vuto silingapangitse malo opanda mpweya panthawi yoyenera mukamakanikizira brake pedal. Mpweya umalowa muzosakaniza zogwirira ntchito, zomwe zatha. Injini siyitha kuyenda mosakaniza izi, motero imayima.

Pofuna kukonza vutoli, ndikwanira kusintha ma gaskets ndi nembanemba, nthawi zina payipi.

Kuwonongeka kwa duct corrugation

Pamakina omwe ali ndi injini ya jakisoni, corrugation ya njira yopumira ya mpweya (yomwe nthawi zambiri imasweka) ikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha vutoli. Mpweya umalowa mu DMRV, uthenga wolakwika umatumizidwa ku unit control, kusakaniza kumasintha, injini imasiya kugwira ntchito.

Injini ya "troit" ndi idling. Kuti athetse kuwonongeka, ndikwanira kusintha corrugation.

Kafukufuku wa Lambda

Sensa imafunika kuti ifufuze momwe mpweya uliri mu mpweya wotulutsa mpweya ndikuyang'ana ubwino wa kusakaniza. Kulephera kwa chipangizocho ndi chifukwa cha injini yosauka, kuyimitsa ntchito ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu. Zimawonjezeranso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Mutha kutsimikizira kuti vutoli likugwirizana ndi chipangizocho poyendetsa diagnostics.

Cholakwika cha lambda probe

Zomvera

Pali masensa ambiri omwe amaikidwa m'magalimoto. Galimoto imodzi ikasweka, imayamba kulephera, injini imatha "kupota".

Nthawi zambiri injini imasiya kugwira ntchito chifukwa cha sensor ya nthawi ya valve. Ngati gawolo silikuyenda bwino, galimotoyo siyiyamba. Chifukwa cha zovuta mu chipangizocho, gawo lamagetsi lidzagwira ntchito mosagwirizana, kuyimitsa nthawi ndi nthawi.

Sensa ikhoza kutenthedwa.

Firmware yosaphunzira

Eni magalimoto nthawi zambiri amawonetsa galimotoyo. Njirayi imakuthandizani kuti mutsegule kuthekera kwa injini, kusintha mphamvu.

Kuti apulumutse ndalama, oyendetsa galimoto amachepetsa mtengo wa firmware. Zotsatira zake, galimotoyo imayenda mofulumira ndipo imayima pamene ikuchedwa. Chigawo chowongolera chimasokoneza zowerengera ndikupereka kusakaniza kogwira ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Zoyenera kukonzanso ku zoikamo za fakitale. Mukawunikira, muyenera kusankha mbuye wabwino wodziwa zambiri; makonda olakwika amatha kuwononga kwambiri.

Pomaliza

Izi ndizovuta zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa injini kuyimitsa ndikuyendetsa ndikuyambiranso. Pofuna kupewa zinthu zosayembekezereka pamsewu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyang'anira momwe galimotoyo ilili, kupaka mafuta ndi mafuta okwanira. Ngati makinawo ayamba kuyimilira, ndipo sikunali kotheka kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa izi pachokha, ndi bwino kukaonana ndi malo ogwira ntchito ndikuchita kafukufuku wa makompyuta a mfundo zonse.