Chilumba si chikondi kwenikweni
Malipoti ochokera m’ma laboratories oyesa kufotokoza zimene zili mu ubongo wa munthu alidi odetsa nkhaŵa kwa ambiri. Kuyang'anitsitsa njira izi, mudzadekha pang'ono.
Mu 2013, asayansi aku Japan ochokera ku yunivesite ya Kyoto adachita bwino ndi 60% ".werengani maloto »polemba zizindikiro zina kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yogona. Asayansi adagwiritsa ntchito kujambula kwa maginito kuti ayang'anire maphunzirowo. Anamanga nkhokweyo poyika zinthu m'magulu owoneka bwino. Pazoyeserera zaposachedwa, ochita kafukufuku adatha kuzindikira zithunzi zomwe odzipereka adawona m'maloto awo.
Kutsegula kwa zigawo zaubongo panthawi ya MRI scan
Mu 2014, gulu la ofufuza ochokera ku Yale University, motsogoleredwa ndi Alan S. Cowen, ndendende. analenganso zithunzi za nkhope za anthu, kutengera zojambula zaubongo zomwe zidapangidwa kuchokera kwa omwe adayankha poyankha zithunzi zomwe zikuwonetsedwa. Ofufuzawo adajambula zomwe zimachitika muubongo wa omwe adatenga nawo gawo kenako adapanga laibulale yowerengera mayankho omwe amayesedwa kwa anthu.
M'chaka chomwecho, Millennium Magnetic Technologies (MMT) inakhala kampani yoyamba kupereka ntchitoyi "kujambula malingaliro ». Kugwiritsa ntchito zathu, zovomerezeka, zotchedwa. , MMT imazindikiritsa njira zachidziwitso zomwe zimagwirizana ndi ntchito ya ubongo wa wodwalayo ndi malingaliro ake. Ukadaulowu umagwiritsa ntchito kujambula kwa maginito (fMRI) ndi kusanthula kwamakanema a biometric kuzindikira nkhope, zinthu, komanso kuzindikira chowonadi ndi mabodza.
Mu 2016, katswiri wa sayansi ya ubongo Alexander Huth wa ku yunivesite ya California ku Berkeley ndi gulu lake adapanga "masemantic atlas" kuzindikira malingaliro aumunthu. Dongosololi linathandiza, mwa zina, kuzindikira madera muubongo omwe amafanana ndi mawu omwe ali ndi matanthauzo ofanana. Ofufuzawo adachita kafukufukuyu pogwiritsa ntchito fMRI, ndipo ophunzirawo adamvera zowulutsa zomwe zimafotokoza nkhani zosiyanasiyana panthawi yojambula. MRI yogwira ntchito idavumbulutsa kusintha kosawoneka bwino kwa kayendedwe ka magazi muubongo poyesa zochitika zamanjenje. Kuyeseraku kunawonetsa kuti pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a cerebral cortex adakhudzidwa ndi zilankhulo.
Chaka chotsatira, mu 2017, asayansi ku Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), motsogoleredwa ndi Marcel Just, adapanga njira yodziwira malingaliro ovutamwachitsanzo, "mboniyo anakuwa panthawi ya mlandu." Asayansiwa adagwiritsa ntchito makina ophunzirira makina ndi ukadaulo wojambula muubongo kuti awonetse momwe mbali zosiyanasiyana zaubongo zimakhudzidwira pomanga malingaliro ofanana.
Mu 2017, ofufuza a Yunivesite ya Purdue adagwiritsa ntchito kuwerenga malingaliro Nzeru zochita kupanga. Amayika gulu la maphunziro pamakina a fMRI, omwe amasanthula ubongo wawo ndikuwonera makanema a nyama, anthu, ndi zochitika zachilengedwe. Pulogalamu yamtunduwu inali ndi mwayi wopeza deta nthawi zonse. Izi zinathandiza kuphunzira kwake, ndipo chifukwa chake, adaphunzira kuzindikira malingaliro, machitidwe a ubongo wa zithunzi zenizeni. Ofufuzawo adatenga maola 11,5 a data ya fMRI.
Mu Januwale chaka chino, Scientific Reports inafalitsa zotsatira za kafukufuku wa Nima Mesgarani wa ku Columbia University ku New York, yemwe adakonzanso machitidwe a ubongo - nthawi ino osati maloto, mawu ndi zithunzi, koma anamva phokoso. Zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa zidatsukidwa ndikusinthidwa ndi ma algorithms anzeru ochita kupanga omwe amatsanzira kapangidwe ka ubongo waubongo.
Kugwirizana ndikungoyerekeza komanso ziwerengero
Malipoti omwe ali pamwambawo onena za kupita patsogolo kotsatizanatsatizana m’njira zoŵerenga maganizo amamveka ngati njira yachipambano. Komabe, chitukuko neuroformation njira kulimbana ndi zovuta zazikulu ndi zolephera zomwe zimatipangitsa kusiya kuganiza kuti atsala pang'ono kuzigonjetsa.
Choyamba, kupanga mapu a ubongo nthabwala njira yayitali komanso yokwera mtengo. "Owerenga maloto" a ku Japan omwe tawatchulawa ankafuna maulendo ofikira mazana awiri pa wophunzira aliyense. Kachiwiri, malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, malipoti opambana mu "kuwerenga maganizo" akukokomeza ndi kusocheretsa anthu, chifukwa nkhaniyi ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo sikuwoneka ngati ikuwonetsedwa muzofalitsa.
Russell Poldrack, wa Stanford neuroscientist komanso mlembi wa The New Mind Readers, tsopano ndi m'modzi mwa otsutsa kwambiri pakukula kwa chidwi cha media pakupanga ubongo. Amalemba momveka bwino kuti zochitika m'dera linalake la ubongo sizimatiuza zomwe munthu akukumana nazo.
Monga Poldrack akunenera, njira yabwino kwambiri yowonera ubongo wamunthu ukugwira ntchito, kapena fMRI, ndiyolungama njira yosalunjika poyesa ntchito ya ma neuron, momwe amayezera kuthamanga kwa magazi, osati ma neurons omwe. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ndipo zimafuna ntchito yambiri kuti zimasulire muzotsatira zomwe zingatanthauze chinachake kwa wowonera kunja. komanso palibe generic templates - Ubongo wamunthu aliyense ndi wosiyana pang'ono ndipo mawonekedwe osiyana ayenera kupangidwa kwa aliyense wa iwo. Kusanthula kwa ziwerengero kumakhalabe kovuta kwambiri, ndipo pakhala mkangano wochuluka m'dziko la akatswiri a fMRI ponena za momwe deta imagwiritsidwira ntchito, kutanthauzira, ndi kulakwitsa. N’chifukwa chake pamafunika mayesero ambiri.
Kafukufukuyu ndi wofuna kudziwa zomwe ntchito zamadera ena zimatanthauza. Mwachitsanzo, pali dera la ubongo lotchedwa "ventral striatum". Zimagwira ntchito pamene munthu walandira mphotho monga ndalama, chakudya, maswiti, kapena mankhwala. Ngati mphothoyo inali yokhayo yomwe idayambitsa gawoli, titha kukhala otsimikiza kuti ndi chilimbikitso chotani chomwe chidagwira ntchito komanso zotsatira zake. Komabe, zenizeni, monga momwe Poldrack akutikumbutsa, palibe gawo la ubongo lomwe lingakhale logwirizana mwapadera ndi mkhalidwe wina wamaganizo. Motero, potengera zochita za m’dera linalake, n’kosatheka kunena kuti munthu wina akukumana ndi mavuto. Munthu sanganene nkomwe kuti popeza “tikuwona kuwonjezeka kwa zochitika pachilumba cha ubongo (chilumba), ndiye kuti munthu wowonedwa ayenera kukhala ndi chikondi.
Malingana ndi wofufuzayo, kutanthauzira kolondola kwa maphunziro onse omwe akukambidwa ayenera kukhala mawu akuti: "tinachita X, ndipo ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa ntchito ya chilumbachi." Zachidziwikire, tili ndi kubwereza, zida zowerengera komanso kuphunzira pamakina zomwe tili nazo kuti tiyese ubale wa chinthu chimodzi ndi chimzake, koma koposa amatha kunena, mwachitsanzo, kuti akukumana ndi X.
"Molondola kwambiri, ndimatha kuzindikira chithunzi cha mphaka kapena nyumba m'malingaliro a munthu, koma malingaliro ovuta komanso osangalatsa sangathe kufotokozedwa," a Russell Poldrack sasiya chinyengo. "Komabe, kumbukirani kuti makampani, ngakhale kusintha kwa 1% pakuyankha kwamalonda kungatanthauze phindu lalikulu. Choncho, luso siliyenera kukhala langwiro kuti likhale lothandiza kuchokera kumalingaliro ena, ngakhale kuti sitidziwa momwe phindu lingakhalire lalikulu.
Inde, malingaliro omwe ali pamwambawa sagwira ntchito. zachikhalidwe ndi zamalamulo njira za neuroimaging. Dziko lamalingaliro aumunthu mwina ndilo gawo lakuya kwambiri la moyo waumwini lomwe tingalingalire. Pamenepa, ndi bwino kunena kuti zida zowerengera maganizo zidakali zangwiro.
Kujambula kwaubongo ku Yunivesite ya Purdue:
