Zida - Perspective 2040

Kodi zaka za zana la XNUMX zidzakhala bwanji m'magulu ankhondo akulu kwambiri padziko lapansi? N'zovuta kulosera zomwe zidzachitike mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana, koma ndithudi ndi bwino kuyang'ana pa matekinoloje omwe adzalowe kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi, makamaka m'gulu lankhondo la US, lomwe limakhazikitsa njira yoyendetsera ntchito. mpikisano wa mphamvu.

Zida za m'tsogolo ndi nkhani yochititsa chidwi. Komabe, tikamalankhula za mitundu yatsopano ya zida, nthawi zambiri timakhala m'malingaliro abwino omwe alibe chochita ndi luso lamakono laukadaulo. Ndichifukwa chake Kukambitsirana kwathu mu lipotili kudzangokhala zaka makumi awiri zikubwerazi - ndiko kuti, mapulojekiti omwe malo ofufuza zankhondo akugwira ntchito ndipo zomwe zingabweretse mayankho omwe pofika chaka cha 2040 adzakhala muyezo m'magulu akuluakulu ankhondo.

Pamwamba pa F-35

Pafupifupi ma projekiti angapo ankhondo amakono kwambiri padziko lapansi - waku America - zitha kunenedwa kuti 99% yaiwo ipanga mphamvu ndi kufunikira kwake kotala lotsatira la zana.

Ndithu, iwo ndi awo B-21 Raider - Wophulitsa bomba waku America wowoneka pang'ono wopangidwa ndi Northrop Grumman ngati gawo la pulogalamuyi (LRS-B). Malinga ndi malingaliro, B-21 iyenera kunyamula zida wamba ndi zida za nyukiliya. Kukonzekera koyambirira kwa nkhondo kumakonzedweratu pakati pa zaka za 20. Kuwonjezera apo, lingaliro la kutembenuza Raider kuchokera ku galimoto yokhala ndi anthu kupita ku galimoto yosankhidwa mwachisawawa ikuganiziridwanso. Ndege yatsopanoyi iyenera kulowa m'malo mwa mabomba akale a ndege zaku US. B-52 i B-1BKupuma pantchito komwe kukukonzekera 40s Kutchulidwa kwa B-21 kuyenera kuwonetsa kuti ikhala bomba loyamba lazaka za zana la XNUMX.

ngakhale Mtengo wa F-35C (1), ndiye kuti, mtundu wa US Navy wa T-6 unafika pokonzekera kugwira ntchito chaka chino, US Navy ikuganiza kale za ntchito yatsopano. Adzakhala wankhondo waku US Navy XNUMX+ wosankhidwa F / A-XXzomwe, komabe, sizidzamangidwa mpaka 2035. Munthawi ino, kusinthidwa kwa omenyera zombo kumawoneka kofunikira. Akatswiri ambiri akuwonetsa kuti ma glider, omwe akhala akugwira ntchito kuyambira cha m'ma 2035. F / A-18E / F Super Hornet tsopano iwo adzakhala mumkhalidwe woipa. Kungoti malire awo ovomerezeka ndi maola 6. Avereji ya zaka za gulu la omenyanawa akuti ndi zaka 25. Mapangidwe "akale" salinso oyenera onyamulira ndege zatsopano.

Miyezi ingapo yapitayo, Lockheed Martin adavomereza kuti nthambi yake yodabwitsa kwambiri komanso yotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi Ntchito za Skunk (ofesi ya mapulogalamu apamwamba aukadaulo) - kugwira ntchito pa wolowa m'malo mwachipembedzo SR-71 Blackbird. Pakadali pano, makinawa amatchedwa mainjiniya SR-72. Ngakhale kuti ntchito yonseyi ndi yosadziwika bwino, tikudziwa zambiri - wowonetsa ukadaulo (woyerekeza pafupifupi $ 1 biliyoni pakumanga) adawonedwa mumlengalenga ku Palmdale ku California. Malinga ndi nkhawa, galimoto yatsopanoyo idzatha kuyenda popanda mavuto pa liwiro la 7500 km / h. Mosiyana ndi SR-71, idzakhala yosayendetsedwa, yomwe iyenera kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo cha ndege ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuchita ntchito zowopsa. Chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa teknoloji yotsatirayi, idzakhala yosaoneka ndi ma radar. Komabe, ndi zochepa zomwe zimadziwika za kuyendetsa, ngakhale kuti pali zambiri zatsopano zomwe zikuchitika.

Ntchito yokonza ndegeyi inayamba pafupifupi zaka zinayi zapitazo. Ntchitoyi ikuchitika mogwirizana ndi akatswiri ochokera ku Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). kuyembekezera tsiku lolowa m'malo mwa Blackbird muutumiki ndi cha m'ma 2030., komabe, ndege zoyamba za makina omalizidwa ziyenera kuchitika mu 2021-2022.

Izi sizinthu zonse zachinsinsi za Lockheed Martin. Nkhawayo ikugwiranso ntchito pa olowa m'malo U-2, F-117 visa. i B-2. Adalengeza mapulani ake mu Epulo pamsonkhano wa Aerotech ku Texas, ndipo mu Seputembala, akuwonetsa filimu yokumbukira zaka 75 za Skunk Works, adawonetsa zithunzi zoyimira malingaliro atsopano omenyera nkhondo. ndege. Panali makanema owonetsa zowonera za m'badwo wachisanu ndi chimodzi wa omenyera apamwamba amlengalenga, i.e. wokhoza kulowa m'malo F-22 Raptor - mapangidwe okhala ndi silhouette yosalala kwambiri kwinaku akusunga mawonekedwe a airframe.

Kunja kwa kontinenti ya America, kafukufuku akuchitikanso pa omenyera a m'badwo wachisanu ndi chimodzi. ku Russia - ngakhale kuti ntchito yomanga msilikali wa m'badwo wachisanu siinamalizidwe kumeneko (Su-57). Bungwe la Sukhoi Design Bureau linakonza njira zoyamba zopangira makina atsopano chaka chatha. Zikuyembekezeka kuti mapulogalamu onsewa azigwira ntchito limodzi, potengera kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zina zatsopano mu ndege zotsika, mpaka pamlingo wa "5+".

Twin rotor ndi mapiko osinthika

M'mwezi wa Epulo, makampani achitetezo The Boeing Company ndi Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation adawonetsa lingaliro la kumenyedwa kwa helikopita pa YouTube. SB-1 Wotsutsa (2). Amaperekedwa kwa asitikali ngati banja la ma helikopita azinthu zambiri zam'tsogolo, mu mtundu wankhanza ngati olowa m'malo. AH-64 Apache. Mapangidwe amtundu wa zoyendera za SB-1 Defiant, akufunsidwa ngati wolowa m'malo mwa banja UH-60 Black Hawk, idayambitsidwa pakati pa 2014. Mofanana ndi mtundu wapachiyambi, watsopanoyo ndi helikopita yokhala ndi ma rotor awiri akuluakulu (coaxial twin rotor system ndi anti-rotating rigid propellers) ndi pusher propeller.

Boeing-Sikorsky amapereka mpikisano - mtundu wachangu wopangidwa Mtengo wa V-280 (3) kuchokera ku Bell Helicopter, yomwe idapereka US Army galimoto mu kasinthidwe kosiyana kwambiri - ngati ndege ya m'badwo wachitatu yopindana mapiko. Mtundu wathunthu wamtunduwu udawululidwa posachedwa ku Amarillo Assembly Center ku Texas. Valor ya V-280 iyenera kukhala ndi makina atatu apawiri owongolera zamagetsi, mchira wagulugufe, mapiko osasunthika ndi zida zotsatsira.

3. Kuwona mphamvu ya V-280

Kulemera kwakukulu konyamuka kumakhala pafupifupi 13 kg ndipo liwiro lalikulu ndi pafupifupi 680 km/h. Makinawa azitha kukwera mpaka asitikali khumi ndi amodzi, ndipo ogwira ntchitowo azikhala ndi oyendetsa ndege awiri ndi akatswiri awiri. Utali wozungulira wa zochita ndi oposa 520 Km. Mtundu wamtundu wa tiltrotor, wotchulidwa ngati Zamgululi, ndi zida m'zipinda zamkati ndi pa gulaye yakunja (mivi), komanso ma drones ang'onoang'ono. Mu makina atsopano, ma rotor okha ndi omwe adzazungulira, ndipo ma motors adzakhalabe pamalo osakanikirana, omwe amasiyanitsa mapangidwe ndi odziwika bwino. V-22 Ospreya, ndege yoyandama yamitundu yambiri yochokera ku Bell ndi Boeing. Malinga ndi akatswiri, izi zimathandizira kapangidwe ka makinawo ndipo ziyenera kuonjezera kudalirika kwake poyerekeza ndi zomwe zidalipo kale.

Zombo zomwe sizinakhalepo

Zotsogola USS Zumwalt wakhala akusambira kuyambira 2015 (4). Ichi ndi chiwonongeko chachikulu cha US Navy - kutalika kwake ndi mamita 180, ndi kulemera kwake (pamtunda) ndi 15 zikwi. mawu. Ngakhale kukula kwake, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kapadera kamtundu wamtundu wamtunduwu, pa radar sichiwoneka chachikulu kuposa bwato la nsomba.

4. USS Zumwalt mu nkhani za doko

Sitimayi imadziwikanso m'njira zina zambiri. Kuti agwiritse ntchito zida zapa board, ma microgrid solution () adagwiritsidwa ntchito, kutengera njira yanzeru yogawa mphamvu kuchokera kumagwero osiyanasiyana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira kuti zigwiritse ntchito njira zoyendera, zida ndi zida za sitimayo sizimachokera ku jenereta, koma kuchokera kuzinthu zonse. makina opangira mphepo, majenereta a gasi, etc. Sitimayo imayendetsedwa ndi makina awiri a Rolls-Royce Marine Trent-30. Ilinso ndi injini ya dizilo yadzidzidzi ya 78 MW.

Kalasi DDG-1000 Zumwalt Izi ndi zombo zopangidwira kuti zizigwira ntchito pafupi ndi gombe. Mwinamwake, m'tsogolomu, njira zamakono zotumizira mphamvu zopanda zingwe zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwapatsa mphamvu. Mpaka pano, kufotokozera kwa polojekitiyi kumatsindika kokha kusiyanasiyana kwa magwero a mphamvu ndi kutsindika pa magwero "oyera".

Zumwalt imatsegula gulu latsopano la zombo zapamadzi komanso njira yatsopano yopangira zombo zapamadzi. Startpoint, gulu lopangidwa ndi British Royal Navy ndi Ministry of Defense ya komweko, yapanga ntchitoyi m'zaka zaposachedwa. Dreadnought T2050 (5). Sizodabwitsa kuti nyumbayi ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi American Zumwalt. Monga Zumwalt, inali ndi zida malo otsikira. Zoperekedwanso kunyumbazomwe zimakhala ndi ma helikoputala akuluakulu okhala ndi anthu. Kumbuyo kwake kudzakhala kokwerera magalimoto apansi pamadzi opanda anthu. T2050 iyeneranso kukhala ndi zida.

5. Dreadnought T2050 - chithunzithunzi

Gulu latsopano la sitima zapamadzi

Mu Seputembala, Asitikali ankhondo aku US adapereka mgwirizano kwa General Dynamics Electric Boat kuti apange ndikupanga sitima yapamadzi yanyukiliya ya m'badwo wotsatira yomwe imatha kunyamula. zida zoponya. Ndi momwe zimayambira Pulogalamu ya Columbia, zomwe ziyenera kutsogolera ntchito yomanga olowa m'malo (omwe pakali pano khumi ndi awiri) ku Ohio-class ballistic missile sitima zapamadzi zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito panopa. Mkati mwake, makamaka, ntchito yopangira mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha zigawo, matekinoloje ndi ma prototypes a luso loyandama latsopano lidzayamba. Anthu aku America akugogomezera kuti Great Britain ikuchita nawo ntchitoyi.

"y," akutero Mlembi wa Navy Richard W. Spencer. Malinga ndi woyang'anira pulogalamu ya Columbia Rear Admiral David Goggins, gawo lopanga ndi kutumiza likhoza kuyamba kuyambira 2021.

Pulogalamu yonseyi idzawononga pafupifupi $ 100 biliyoni. Dongosolo lalikulu lotere lazachuma likuwonetsa kufunikira kwa sitima zapamadzi zoponya mizinga munjira yaku US yoletsa.

Pulogalamuyi imakhudza osati zombo zokhazokha, komanso zida zawo za nyukiliya. Iliyonse mwa mayunitsiwa ilandila, mwa zina, chowombera chatsopano ndi mizinga khumi ndi isanu ndi umodzi ya Trident II D5 (6). Columbia yoyamba (SSBN 826) iyenera kulowa mu 2031.

6. Trident II D5 poyerekeza ndi zida zam'madzi zam'madzi zaku US zam'mbuyo

Ma drones apansi pamadzi akukula kwambiri

Kumapeto kwa September 2017 ku Newport, Rhode Island, yoyamba mu US Navy inakhazikitsidwa gulu la makamera apansi pamadzi opanda munthu (UUV), yomwe idapatsidwa dzina Chithunzi cha UVRON 1. Pakadali pano, mu gawo ili la "msika" wankhondo, aku America ali ndi zida pafupifupi 130 zamitundu yosiyanasiyana (7).

7. Ndege yankhondo yaku America yofufuza migodi yapansi pamadzi

Mwina ndi chifukwa cha chitukuko cha magulu ankhondo aku America omwe aku China akukonzekera kupanga chosunthika. malo okhala pansi pamadzi. Cholinga cha boma chidzakhala kufufuza mchere, koma zikhoza kukhala zotheka kuzisintha kuti zikhale zankhondo. Ayenera kugwira ntchito ku South China Sea, m'dera lomwe silinganenedwe ndi China kokha, komanso ndi Philippines ndi Vietnam. Panyanjapo pali kuya kwa 3 metres. m. Kale m'maphompho oterowo palibe ngakhale chinthu chimodzi chokhazikika chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse.

Owonera ambiri amawona kuti wayilesiyo ikhoza kukhala maziko azinthu zina - zomwe zimatchedwa. Underwater Great Wall of China. Izi zikutanthauza maukonde a masensa akuyandama ndi apansi pamadzi opangidwa kuti azindikire sitima zapamadzi za adani. Mabungwe achinsinsi adziwa za mapulaniwa kwakanthawi, koma aku China atulutsa zambiri za iwo posachedwa. Adzagwiritsidwa ntchito pokwaniritsa ntchitoyi. Pachionetsero cha asilikali chaka chatha, boma la China linavumbulutsa gulu la magalimoto opanda anthu - ma drones am'madziizi zikanakhala mbali ya chitetezo pansi pa madzi. Amatha kuyenda pamwamba pa madzi ndi pansi pa madziwo. Ankathanso kunyamula zida zokhoza kugunda sitima zapamadzi, komanso katundu wina wolipidwa.

Ola ku mbali ina ya dziko

2040 sikuwoneka ngati nthawi yosatheka chida cha hypersonic (8), yomwe pakali pano ikuyesedwa kwambiri, chifukwa cha kutentha kwamphamvu kwa mpikisano wa zida. Izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku United States, komanso ku China ndi Russia. Zida za zida za Hypersonic zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kugunda zinthu kapena anthu kulikonse padziko lapansi, malo omwe amadziwika kwakanthawi, osapitilira ola limodzi.

8. Zida za Hypersonic - zowonera

Mu terminology yaukadaulo, mayankho amtunduwu amatchedwa HGV kalasi machitidwe (). Chidziwitso chokhudza ntchito pa iwo ndi chodabwitsa, koma sitidziwa pang'ono za iwo, ndipo timaganiza pang'ono, ngakhale, mwinamwake, m'malo ena timauzidwa zolakwika mwadala pamutuwu ndi mautumiki oyenerera a mphamvu zazikulu - pambuyo pake, kokha. amatha kukumana ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito kangapo mofulumira kuposa momwe phokoso limalola.

Ponena za gulu ili la zida, nthawi zambiri amatanthauza kuyendetsa mizinga yowuluka, i.e. kukwera. Amayenda mothamanga kuwirikiza kambirimbiri kuposa zida zoponya zam'mbuyomu ndipo sawoneka ndi radar. Zikanakhala kuti zidagwiritsidwa ntchito, zida zambiri za nyukiliya zomwe zilipo padziko lapansi zikanakhala zopanda ntchito, chifukwa mizinga yamtundu wotereyi ikanawononga zida zoponyera zida m'gawo loyamba lankhondo. Kutsata ma glider ndi radar ndikosatheka chifukwa amawuluka motsika kwambiri kuposa mivi yachikhalidwe yachikhalidwe kenako kugunda chandamale molondola mamita angapo.

China idayesa kachisanu ndi chiwiri mu Epulo Hypersonic missile DF-ZF (omwe kale ankadziwika kuti WU-14). Amakhulupirira kuti amathamanga kwambiri zaka 10 miliyoni zapitazo, kulola kuti agonjetse zida zankhondo zaku US. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, ndege yoyesera ya mzinga wake wa hypersonic inachitika. 3M22 Zirconium zochitidwa ndi Russia. Malinga ndi malipoti odziwika bwino a ku America, mivi ya ku Russia inali yokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu 2018, ndi Chinese mu 2020. Komanso, kupindula kwa kukonzekera nkhondo ndi nkhondo yoyamba ya ku Russia yamtunduwu, yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa ndi British analytical center Jane's Information Group. ikukonzekera zaka 2020-2025.

Ndikoyenera kukumbukira zimenezo ku Russia (komanso koyambirira kwa USSR) matekinoloje okhudzana ndi kuyambitsa ndikuwongolera mivi ya hypersonic adapangidwa kalekale.. Mu 1990, mayesero anachitidwa ndi Ju-70 / 102E dongosolo. Yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kale pamayesero otsatirawa. Yu-71. Malinga ndi malingaliro, roketi iyi iyenera kufika 11 zikwi. km / h Zircon yotchulidwa pamwambapa ndi ntchito ina, yomwe imatchedwanso Kumadzulo BraMos II.

Ku United States, lingaliro lopanga zida zotere lidawuka chifukwa cha kukonzanso kwa mfundo zanyukiliya () mu 2001. Kwa nthawi yayitali, ntchito yakhala ikuchitika pamalingaliro ogwiritsira ntchito zida zatsopano zoponyera zothamanga kwambiri potengera mapulogalamu monga, mwachitsanzo, Prompt Global Strike (PGS). Komabe, pakadali pano, aku America ayang'ana kwambiri ndege za hypersonic ndi zida zoponyera zida zankhondo wamba, mwachitsanzo, kulimbana ndi zigawenga kapena North Korea.

Pokhapokha atamva kuti Russia ndi China zikugwira ntchito makamaka pa zida za nyukiliya za hypersonic, US ikusintha njira yake ndikufulumizitsa ntchito kuti m'malo mwa mivi yaposachedwa ya intercontinental ballistic ndi mivi ya hypersonic. 

Poyankha uthenga wochokera ku United States, mkulu wa chitetezo cha ndege ku Russia, General Alexander Leonov, adanena kuti Russia ikugwira ntchito mwakhama popanga dongosolo lotha kuyimitsa zida zamtunduwu.

Wachiwiri kwa Prime Minister waku Russia a Dmitry Rogozin posachedwapa adanenanso kuti dziko la Russia likuganiza mozama zokhala patsogolo pa mpikisanowu.

Ma lasers amphamvu kwambiri

Zizindikiro zonse zakumwamba, pansi ndi panyanja zikuwonetsa kuti Amereka pakali pano ali patsogolo popanga zida za laser. Mu 2016, Asitikali aku US adalengeza mayeso akulu Laser yamphamvu kwambiri ya HELMTT (High Energy Laser Mobile Test Truck) yovotera 10kW (potsiriza idzakhala 50kW) yopangidwa ndi Fires Center of Excellence Combat Lab ku Fort Still, Oklahoma. Cholinga chawo ndi kuyesa kuthekera kotengera zida za gululi kuti lizigwira ntchito ndi gulu lankhondo pakati pa zaka za m'ma 20s.

Uwu ndi mtundu wina wa America, woyikidwa ndikuyesedwa kwa zaka zingapo pazombo. Mu 2013, luso la zida za laser zidawonetsedwa m'madzi aku San Diego. Makina a zida za laser - LAWS (9) idayikidwa pa wowononga USS Dewey. LaWS imagunda zolinga zapamlengalenga zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi makina a radar.

Mu 2015, chithunzi cha galimoto yowonongedwa ndi mfuti ya laser chinafalitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo chidziwitso chokhudza mayesero opambana a dongosolo la laser. Advanced High Energy Asset Test (ATHENA), Lockheed Martin. Patangopita miyezi ingapo, chomera ku Bothell, Washington, chinayamba kupanga ma module a laser ndi mphamvu ya 60 kW kuti akhazikitse magalimoto ankhondo aku US.

Malinga ndi zomwe zafalitsidwa, zidzatheka kuphatikiza ma module awiri kuti apeze mphamvu yamtengo wapatali mpaka 120 kW. Yankho limagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa fiber laser ndipo kuwala kochokera ku ma module ambiri kumaphatikizidwa kukhala mtengo umodzi pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu. Mtengo wamphamvu womwe udapangidwawo unawononga injini yagalimoto pamalo oyeserera mumasekondi pang'ono, kuchokera patali, pamayesero omwe tawatchulawa.

Ma laser amatengedwa ngati njira yabwino yopangira zida zankhondo. Rockets, zipolopolo ndi mabomba amawuluka pa liwiro lalikulu, koma laser ray imathamanga ndipo mwachikumbumtima iyenera kuwononga chilichonse chomwe chikufika. Mu 2018, General Dynamics idayamba kusonkhanitsa ma laser 18-kilowatt pamagalimoto ankhondo a Stryker. Komanso, m'manja mwa Navy kuyambira 2014. dongosolo zida za laser pa USS Ponce ndipo akufuna kuyika zida zotere pamabwato a AC-130. Unduna wa Zachitetezo ku US ukuganiza zopangira zida zonyamula ndege ndi laser. Zingalowe m'malo osachepera zida zina zoponya. Kuyika kwawo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kudzakhala kotheka pa zonyamulira ndege za m'badwo wotsatira monga USS Gerald Ford, popeza zombozi zimatha kupanga magetsi a mphamvu zokwanira ndi voteji pafupi ndi 14. volts. Ma laser adzagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza komanso kukhumudwitsa.

Pambuyo poyesa bwino zida za laser pazombo ndi magalimoto omenyera nkhondo, aku America akufuna kupita patsogolo ndikuyamba kuwayesa pa ndege. Mfuti ya laser yam'mwamba idzamangidwa posachedwa. idzayikidwa pa chowuluka mfuti AC-130 (zoyendetsa zobwezeretsedwa S-130 Hercules), ya US Special Forces Aviation.

Ndege zamtunduwu nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira asitikali omwe ali pansi ndi mizinga yayikulu komanso ma howitzers. Asilikali, komabe, sakufuna chida ichi chamtsogolo chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zowononga, koma chifukwa sichimapanga phokoso, chomwe chingakhale chopindulitsa kwambiri muzochita zamtundu wa SWAT.

Cholinga cha US Air Force ndikukhala ndi mfuti za laser zokhala ndi mfuti za laser pambuyo pa 2030, zomwe ziyenera kuwonetsetsa ukulu wawo wamlengalenga. Ma lasers ndi njira yowongolera mitengo idzayesedwa pakuwuluka mosasamala kanthu za nsanja yomwe mukufuna pamalo okwera mpaka 20 metres. m ndi liwiro kuchokera 0,6 mpaka 2,5 miliyoni zaka.

Tikakamba za zida za laser, sitikutanthauza mtundu uliwonse wa chipangizo. Dongosolo lathunthu la zida zankhondo zaku US Air Force lili ndi magulu atatu a lasers:

1. mphamvu zochepa - "Kuwunikira" ndikutsata mipherezero ndi njira zowunikira khungu;
2. mphamvu yapakati - makamaka podziteteza polimbana ndi mivi yoyendetsedwa ndi infrared;
3. voteji yapamwamba - kulimbana ndi zolinga za mpweya ndi pansi.

Kumapeto kwa 2016, zidziwitso zidawoneka kuti kampani yachitetezo Northrop Grumman ithandiza US Air Force kupanga zida za laser zomwe zitha kukhala zida zaposachedwa. Omenyera F-35B, kuwukira ma helikoputala AN-1 Cobra kapena bomba lomwe latchulidwa kale la B-21 Raider. Kampaniyo ikukonzekera kupanga mfuti zing'onozing'ono za laser, zoyenera kuyika ngakhale pa ndege zankhondo. Zipangizozi zidzakhala zapamwamba kwambiri - zomwe sizingathe kuthetsa zolinga zakutali, komanso kuzitsatira pothawa, komanso nthawi yomweyo kusagwirizana ndi kusokonezedwa. Nkhawa ya zida ikufuna kuyambitsa mayeso oyamba a zida izi mu 2019.

Mu June 2017, asilikali a US adalengeza kuti kuyesa kugwetsa helikopita yamtundu wa Apache yokhala ndi ma lasers pamtunda wa 1,4 km kunapambana. Kuyeseraku kunachitika ndi kampani yaku America Raytheon. M'malingaliro ake, kwa nthawi yoyamba, makina a laser ochokera ku ndege adagunda chandamale kuchokera m'malo osiyanasiyana. Aka kanalinso koyamba kuti laser agwiritsidwe ntchito pa helikopita, ngakhale kuyesa kwa chida ichi ku United States kwakhala kukuchitika kwa nthawi yayitali. Mwezi watha, Asitikali aku US adatinso adawombera nawo drone.

Ndani winanso ali ndi laser?

Zachidziwikire, si United States yokha yomwe ikugwira ntchito pama lasers ankhondo. Mu Novembala 2013, bungwe lofalitsa nkhani ku Xinhua linanena kuti asitikali aku China adayesa chidacho. Anthu aku China samayima pazifukwa zankhondo pansi komanso mlengalenga. Kuyambira 2007, akhala akuyesa laser yomwe imatha kugunda chandamale padziko lonse lapansi. Kuwonongeka kumeneku kwangokhala kokha "kuchititsa khungu" zida za satellite zowunikira anthu, zomwe zimadziwika kuti spy satellites. Komabe, ngati mutha kupanga ma laser amphamvu, mutha kuwononga nawo zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Ndi ndalama zoyenera laser orbital Azitha kugwira ntchito mu 2023. Iyenera kukhala dongosolo lolemera pafupifupi matani 5, kuzindikira ndi kutsatira zinthu za mlengalenga pogwiritsa ntchito kamera yapadera. Anthu aku China akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe adakumana nazo kale kuyambira 2005, mwachitsanzo, poyesa dongosolo la laser lapansi ndi mphamvu ya 50-100 kW. Chipangizo choterocho chinayikidwa pamalo oyesera m'chigawo cha Xinjiang, kumene kuyesa kugunda satellite yomwe ili pafupi ndi 600 km kuchokera padziko lapansi ndi laser.

China idadabwa ndi kupanga m'manja laser chida. Maonekedwe ake mu 2016 pachiwonetsero cha apolisi aku China chinali chodabwitsa kwambiri. Kenako chinaperekedwa Zithunzi za PY132A, WJG-2002 Oraz Barbecue-905zomwe, malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa wopanga, zimagwira ntchito pa mfundo yofanana ndi laser ya Israeli anti-missile shield Iron Beam ("Iron Beam") kapena HELLADS Laser CannonDARPA yakhala ikugwira ntchito imeneyi kwa zaka zingapo tsopano. Komabe, mfuti zaku China ndi zida zazing'ono kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa laser. Malinga ndi wopanga, akuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asitikali motsutsana ndi ma drones ndi magalimoto osayendetsa ndege omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magulu ankhondo a adani kapena, zigawenga.

Dongosolo lomwe tatchulalo la Israeli Iron Beam lapangidwa kuti liwononge zida zomwe zimatchedwa. system dead zone dome lachitsulo, ndiko kuti, chitetezo cha mizinga cha Israyeli. Rafael ndi omwe amapereka zida zatsopano zodzitetezera. Iron Beam idzakhazikitsidwa ndi laser yamphamvu komanso ukadaulo wapamwamba wowongolera. Usana ndi usiku, ayenera kumenyana ndi zoponya, zipolopolo za mfuti, ma drones ndi malo omwe amawombera pansi. Tekinolojeyi idapangidwa ngati kupitiliza kwa mapulogalamu a laser amphamvu kwambiri aku America-Israel - TEL Oraz MTEL.

Iron Beam ndi mawonekedwe omwe ali ndi radar yake yomwe imazindikira, kutsata ndikuwongolera moto, pakati pa olamulira ndi ma lasers awiri amphamvu. Malinga ndi malingaliro, dongosolo lonselo lidzasokoneza zinthu mkati mwa utali wa makilomita 7 ndi mtengo wa laser, i.e. pansi pa Iron Dome kwa masekondi angapo. Laser iliyonse imayaka nthawi 150-200 isanadutse njira yozizira.

Zaka zingapo zapitazo, ntchito yolimbana ndi laser idayambiranso ku Russia. Mu Disembala 2014, pomwe Achimerika adalengeza zotsatira za mayeso a mizinga ya LaWS, yemwe anali Chief of the General Staff, General Yuri Baluyevsky, adalankhula za zida za laser zaku Russia. Mu 2015, mkulu wa asilikali a ku Russia, Major General Kirill Makarov, adavomereza kuti Russia ili kale ndi zida zowononga anthu omwe amawona komanso kuwononga zolinga zankhondo. M'chilimwe chatha, atolankhani am'deralo adanenanso kuti "gulu lankhondo la Russia lili ndi zida za laser."

Kuphatikiza pa mphamvu zazikulu, Fr. zida za laser maiko ena ayamba kuyankhula mu nkhokwe zawo. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino, nyuzipepala ya tsiku ndi tsiku yaku South Korea The Korea Herald inanena kuti chifukwa cha chiwopsezo cha drones yaku North Korea, South Korea ikukonzekera kupanga zida zake za laser pofika 2020.

The September DSEI International Exhibition ku London, nayenso, anapereka mwayi wosonyeza Dragonfire Laser Cannonzomwe zitha kukhala chitsanzo cha zida zankhondo zaku Europe. Gulu logwira ntchito lotsogozedwa ndi MBDA lidachita nawo ntchito yomangayi. Pulogalamuyi imadziwika kuti LDEW () zidakhazikitsidwanso ndi makampani atatu - Leonardo (adapereka turret yolunjika pamtengo wa laser), QinetiQ (yoyang'anira laser yokha) ndi BAE Systems, komanso Arke, Marshall ndi GKN. Ntchito yokonza mapulani ikuyembekezeka kumalizidwa kumapeto kwa chaka chino, kuyezetsa ma labotale kuyenera kuyamba koyambirira kwa 2018, ndipo kuyezetsa m'munda kukukonzekera 2019. Dongosolo loyamba la Dragonfire likuyembekezeka kukhazikitsidwa pa sitima yapamadzi yaku Britain mu 2020 - mwina Type 45 wowononga.

Cannon pa njanji, i.e.

Makina amphamvu kwambiri, makamaka mfuti za laser ndi electromagnetic, pano akuyesedwa pamalo oyesera ankhondo zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Mphindi yolowa mu ntchito yachibadwa ya gulu ili la zida zingakhale pafupi kwambiri, koma kwenikweni ... zikuchitika kale. Kuchokera pakugwiritsa ntchito electromagnetic chida pali zabwino zothandiza mu zida zankhondo. Zipolopolo zamphamvu zankhondo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, mwachitsanzo, poteteza mizinga. Iyi ndi njira yotsika mtengo kuposa maroketi. Ngati, ndiye osati zida zankhondo zotsutsana ndi ndege zokha, koma mitundu yambiri ya zida zankhondo zodziwika kwa ife zidzakhala zopanda ntchito.

Ubwino wofunikira kwambiri wamfuti za electromagnetic ndikuthekera kochita kuthamanga kwambiri ndi kuwombera kwa projectile. Choncho, kukula kwakukulu kumatheka Kinetic mphamvu, zomwe zimatsogolera kulumpha mu mphamvu zowononga. Palibe chiwopsezo cha kuphulika kwa zida zonyamulidwa, ndipo izi, kuwonjezera apo, ndizochepa kwambiri kukula ndi kulemera kwake, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndi malo onyamula katundu omwe alipo, mutha kutenga zambiri. Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa projectile kumachepetsa chiwopsezo chogunda chandamale cha mdani, ndipo kulunjika kumakhala kosavuta. Kuthamanga kumachitika pamtunda wonse wa mbiya, osati gawo loyamba, kumene kuphulika kwa mfuti kumachitika. Mwa kusintha, mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya panopa, mukhoza kusintha liwiro loyamba la projectile.

Inde, munthu sangalephere kutchula zofooka za zida za electromagnetic. Koposa zonse - kufunikira kwakukulu kwa mphamvu. Palinso nkhani yotsimikizira kuchuluka kwa moto kapena kuziziritsa kwadongosolo lonse, komanso kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwa mpweya komwe kumachitika pa liwiro lalikulu chotere powuluka mumlengalenga wa dziko lapansi. Okonza amayeneranso kulimbana ndi kuvala kwapamwamba komanso kofulumira pazigawo zazikuluzikulu chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu, katundu, ndi mafunde.

Akatswiri a usilikali akugwira ntchito yokonza mtundu (10), momwe mfuti ili pakati pa njanji ziwiri zomwenso ndi otsogolera ake. Kutseka dera lamakono - njanji, nangula, njanji yachiwiri - imapanga mphamvu ya maginito yomwe imapereka liwiro kwa nangula ndi projectile yolumikizidwa nayo. Lingaliro lachiwiri la chida chotere ndi dongosolo lokhazikika la ma coaxial coil. Munda wamagetsi opangidwa mwa iwo umagwira ntchito pa coil ndi projectile.

10. Mfuti yamagetsi

Zida zankhondo zanzeru

Ndipo nchiyani chikuyembekezera msilikali wamba wamtsogolo?

Lipoti lapadera likhoza kulembedwa la ntchito zomwe zimakhudza iye. Apa ife kutchula za. ma roketi anzeru zomwe sizifuna kulunjika ndikupita komwe tikufuna. Ayesedwa ndi bungwe lankhondo la US DARPA (11). Ntchitoyi imatchedwa kumeta ndipo makamaka ndi chinsinsi kotero pang'ono amadziwika za zambiri zaukadaulo. Mafotokozedwe ochepa a Teledyne, omwe akugwira ntchito yothetsera vutoli, akuwonetsa kuti mivi imagwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolera zowunikira. Ukadaulo umalola kuyankha kwanthawi yeniyeni ku nyengo, mphepo ndi kayendedwe ka chandamale. Njira yabwino yamtundu watsopano wa zida ndi 2 km.

11. DARPA Intelligent Rocket

Tracking Point ikuchitanso kupanga zida zanzeru. Iye mfuti ya smart sniper anapangidwa m’njira yoti msilikali asafunikire kuphunzitsidwa mwapadera. Kampaniyo imatsimikizira kuti aliyense akhoza kuwombera molondola - mumangofunika kupeza chandamale. Kompyuta ya m’kati mwake imasonkhanitsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, imapenda chithunzi cha bwalo lankhondo, imalemba mmene mlengalenga mulili, monga kutentha ndi kupanikizika kwa mlengalenga, ngakhalenso poganizira mmene dziko limapendekera.

Pomaliza, amapereka malangizo atsatanetsatane amomwe angagwiritsire mfutiyo komanso nthawi yeniyeni yokokera mfutiyo. Wowombera akhoza kuyang'ana zonse poyang'ana pa viewfinder. Chida chanzeru chili ndi maikolofoni, kampasi, Wi-Fi, malo olowera, cholumikizira cha laser chopangidwa ndi USB. Mfuti zimathanso kuyankhulana wina ndi mzake - kusinthanitsa deta ndi zithunzi. Izi zitha kutumizidwanso ku foni yam'manja, piritsi kapena laputopu.

Tracking Point idaperekanso pulogalamu yotchedwa Shotview yomwe imakulitsa luso la chida ndi zabwino zomwe zimagwirizana nazo. M'malo mwake, chithunzi chochokera pazowoneka chimaperekedwa mumtundu wa HD kupita m'diso la wowomberayo. Kumbali imodzi, imakupatsani mwayi wolunjika popanda kupindika pakuwombera, ndipo kumbali ina, imakulolani kuwombera m'njira yoti wowomberayo asalowetse mutu wake kumalo oopsa.

Ndi chidwi chathu chonse chaumisiri ndi kuthekera kwa zida zankhondo zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa, titha kuyembekeza kuti zidzapangidwa mkati mwa nthawi yokonzedwa ndi opanga ndipo ... sizidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pomenya nkhondo.