Kufotokozera antifreeze G11, G12 ndi G13
Zamadzimadzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuziziritsa injini yagalimoto zimatchedwa antifreezes. Onsewa ali ndi malo otsika kwambiri oziziritsa kuzizira ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu makina ozizirira a galimoto. Ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ndizofanana pakupangidwira, koma pali ma nuances ena muukadaulo wazopanga, mayiko osiyanasiyana apanga zodziwikiratu zoziziritsa kukhosi. Ma antifreeze otchuka kwambiri a Volkswagen G11, G12 ndi G13 auto nkhawa. Tidzasanthula mwatsatanetsatane mawonekedwe ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwamadziwa komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito moyenera pofuna kuteteza galimotoyo momwe tingathere ku kuwonongeka kosayembekezereka.
Mitundu ya antifreeze gulu G
Ma antifreeze onse amakhala ndi pafupifupi 90% ethylene glycol kapena propylene glycol. Amawonjezeranso za 7% zowonjezera ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi anti-foam ndi anti-cavitation properties. Zowonjezera zili ndi zigawo zosiyana za mankhwala. Ena amapangidwa kuchokera ku mchere wa inorganic acid, monga silicates, nitrites, phosphates. Zina, malinga ndi kapangidwe kawo, zimakhala ndi organic ndi carboxylic acid. Komanso, m'dziko lamakono, zowonjezera zosakaniza za mchere wa organic ndi inorganic acid zawonekera. Kuti mudziwe kusiyana pakati pawo, adagawidwa m'magulu anayi: chikhalidwe, carboxylate, hybrid, lobrid.
Kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwa antifreeze yoyamba ya G11 kuchokera ku Volkswagen mu 1984, ukadaulo wapita patsogolo, chifukwa cha izi, mtundu wa antifreeze wa G12 udawonekera ndipo mu 2012, chifukwa chomenyera chilengedwe, antifreeze ya G13 idatulutsidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe.
Antifreeze yoyamba ya G11, monga Tosol, ndi ya antifreeze yachikhalidwe. Amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga zowonjezera: silicates, phosphates, borates, nitrites, nitrates, amines, zomwe zimapanga chitetezo chotetezera ndikupewa dzimbiri. Firimu yoteteza yomwe imapanga imawonongeka pakapita nthawi, imasanduka chivundikiro cholimba chomwe chimatseka njira zamadzimadzi ndikupangitsa kuwonongeka kwa radiator kapena mpope. Alumali moyo wa zakumwa izi si yaitali, iwo kutumikira zosaposa ziwiri, zaka zitatu. Chotetezera chomwe amapanga chimasokoneza kutentha kwa kutentha, zomwe zimabweretsa kuphwanya kwa kutentha, choncho, mu 1996, mtundu wa G12 unawonekera ndi zowonjezera kuchokera ku organic ndi carboxylic acid.
Mfundo yoyendetsera dzimbiri mu G12 antifreezes imatengera momwe zimakhudzira malo owononga. Zowonjezera zochokera ku organic ndi carboxylic acid sizipanga filimu yoteteza pamwamba pa dongosolo, koma zimagwira ntchito mwachindunji pazomwe zachitika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti siziteteza dongosolo, koma zimangothandizira kuthana ndi vuto lomwe lapangidwa kale. . Moyo wautumiki wa antifreeze wotere umachokera zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu.
Mu G12 + antifreeze, opanga adaganiza zochotsa kusowa kwa chitetezo cha injini ndipo adaganiza zophatikizira zida zaukadaulo za silicate ndi carboxylate, ndikupanga osakaniza wosakanizidwa momwe, kuwonjezera pa ma acid a carboxylic, pafupifupi 5% ya zowonjezera zamkati. Mayiko osiyanasiyana amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana: nitrites, phosphates kapena silicates.
Mu 2008, kalasi ya antifreezes G12 ++ idawonekera, chifukwa cha njira yabwino, imaphatikiza zabwino zonse za organic ndi inorganic acid. Kutetezedwa kwa dzimbiri kwa dongosolo lozizira, makoma a injini, ndikokwera kwambiri.
Tekinoloje idapita patsogolo ndipo zoziziritsa kukhosi za ethylene glycol zidasinthidwa ndi zoziziritsa kukhosi za propylene glycol, pamaziko okonda zachilengedwe. Antifreeze G13, monga G12 ++, ndi ya mtundu wa lobrid, imakhala ndi mowa wa propylene glycol ndi zowonjezera mchere, chifukwa chake zimagwira ntchito yopangira mafuta ndi anti-corrosion, sizimangirira chifukwa cha kutentha kochepa komanso zimakhala zokwera kwambiri. kuwira, sizimakhudza mbali zopangidwa ndi mphira ndi ma polima.
Mitundu yonse ya antifreeze imapakidwa utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma ngakhale ndi mtundu womwewo, kuchokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana, kapangidwe kake kamakhala kosiyana kwambiri. Kudetsa kofala kwambiri kwa antifreeze zachikhalidwe ndi buluu kapena wobiriwira. Carboxylate ali ndi utoto wofiira, lalanje kapena pinki. Ma antifreezes a m'badwo watsopano, propylene glycol, amapakidwa utoto wofiirira kapena wachikasu.
Kusakaniza antifreezes, mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Kuti musankhe antifreeze yomwe ili yabwino popanga, muyenera kuganizira zomwe injini ndi radiator yagalimoto yanu zimapangidwira, popeza zowonjezera zomwe zili muzolembazo zimachita mosiyana ndi aluminiyamu, mkuwa kapena mkuwa, mungafunike kusintha madzimadzi posachedwapa, mosasamala kanthu za nthawi yoyenera. Werengani mosamala ndondomeko ya galimoto yanu ndikusankha antifreeze malinga ndi kalasi ya kulolerana yomwe yasonyezedwa pa chizindikirocho.
Powonjezera antifreeze, simuyenera kudalira mtundu wamadzimadzi, koma pa chizindikiro chake, kuti musasakanize mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe ali muzowonjezera.
Kumbukirani kuti ngati musakaniza zakumwa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, palibe choyipa chomwe chingachitike, koma mvula imatha, ndipo antifreeze sichingagwirizane ndi ntchito zake zazikulu, posachedwa m'malo mwathunthu mudzafunika, ndipo mwina osati antifreeze. yokha.
