Zida zankhondo zapamadzi za Nkhondo Yadziko II

U 67 ku South Atlantic. Oonerera amayang’ana m’chizimezime, chogawanika m’magawo anayi, nyengo ili yabwino m’nyengo yachilimwe ya 1941.

Kutha kuchita nkhondo zam'madzi - kumenyana ndi zombo zapamadzi za adani ndi zonyamula katundu - zimatengera kuthekera kwakukulu pakutha kuzindikira chandamale. Sichinali ntchito yophweka, makamaka m’madzi osatha, osatha a nyanja ya Atlantic, kwa owonerera a m’sitima yapamadzi yotsika pamaso pawo. Ajeremani kwa nthawi yayitali sanadziwe za chiyambi cha nkhondo yaukadaulo ndi Allies. Pamene akuluakulu a maboti a U-boat anakhulupirira mu 1942 kuti akuthamangitsidwa ndi mdani wosaoneka, asayansi a ku Germany anayamba kuyesetsa mwakhama kupanga zipangizo zamagetsi. Koma pofika nthawi yomwe ma U-boti ambiri omwe adangomangidwa kumene anali kufa pamaulendo awo oyamba, osadziwa njira yowunikira wailesi ya Allied, Enigma decryption, komanso kukhalapo kwa magulu omwe amawasaka, palibe chomwe chikanalepheretsa kugonja kwa mabwato aku Germany.

Zipangizo zowunikira maso.

Kumayambiriro kwa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lapansi, njira yayikulu yowonera ndi kuzindikira ndi oyendetsa sitima zapamadzi inali kuyang'ana mosalekeza m'chizimezime, kugawidwa m'magawo anayi, kuchitidwa mosasamala kanthu za nyengo, nthawi ya chaka ndi tsiku ndi owonera anayi pa conning. nsanja nsanja. Pa anthu awa, osankhidwa mwapadera ndi maso abwino kwambiri, onyamula ulonda wa maola anayi, kuthekera kwa kupambana sikudalira zochepa kuposa kutulutsidwa kwa sitima yapamadzi yokhala ndi moyo. Ma Binoculars Carl Zeiss 7x50 (1943x magnification) okhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri owoneka bwino adapangitsa kuti zizitha kuzindikira mthunzi kuchokera pamwamba pa mlongoti pachizimezime mwachangu momwe kungathekere. Komabe, m’mikhalidwe yamkuntho, mvula kapena chisanu, vuto lalikulu linali kutengeka kwa ma binoculars ku magalasi onyowa ndi splashes zamadzi, komanso kuwonongeka kwa makina. Pachifukwa ichi, kiosk iyenera nthawi zonse kukhala ndi zotsalira, zowuma, zokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwamsanga, zomwe ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa owonerera ngati zidzasinthidwa; popanda ma binoculars ogwirira ntchito, owonera anali "akhungu". Kuyambira masika a '8, U-Butwaff walandira ma binoculars atsopano, osinthidwa 60 × XNUMX, okhala ndi thupi la aluminiyamu (wobiriwira kapena mchenga), okhala ndi zophimba za mphira ndi zolowetsamo zoteteza chinyezi. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwawo, ma binoculars awa adadziwika kuti "mabinoculars oyendetsa sitima zapamadzi", ndipo chifukwa cha luso lawo lapamwamba, adakhala mpikisano wokhumbitsidwa kwambiri kwa akuluakulu a magulu osaka nyama zam'madzi.

periscopes

Mu 1920, Ajeremani adayambitsa kampani ya NEDINSCO (Nederlandsche Instrumenten Compagnie) ku Netherlands, yomwe inali gawo lobisika la kampani yaku Germany Carl Zeiss kuchokera ku Jena, wogulitsa kunja kwa zida zankhondo. Kuyambira m'ma 30s. NEDINSCO inapanga ma periscopes pa chomera cha Venlo (nsanja ya planetarium inamangidwiranso izi). Kuchokera ku U-1935, yomangidwa mu 1, mpaka 1945, sitima zapamadzi zonse zinali ndi ma periscopes a kampani: magulu ang'onoang'ono a m'mphepete mwa nyanja amtundu wa II ndi nkhondo imodzi, ndi zazikulu, zigawo za Atlantic za mitundu VII, IX ndi XXI - ndi ziwiri:

- gawo loyang'anira (kutsogolo) lomwe likugwira ntchito kuchokera ku likulu la Luftziel Seror (LSR) kapena Nacht Luftziel Seror (NLSR);

- nkhondo (kumbuyo), yoyendetsedwa kuchokera pa kiosk ya Angriff-Sehrohr (ASR).

Ma periscopes onse anali ndi njira ziwiri zokulitsa: x1,5 (kukula kwa chithunzi chowonedwa ndi diso "lamaliseche") ndi x6 (kuwirikiza kanayi kukula kwa chithunzi chowonedwa ndi diso "lamaliseche"). Pakuya kwa periscope diving, m'mphepete mwa pamwamba pa nsanja ya conning inali pafupi mamita 6 pansi pa madzi.