Kodi ndiyenera kutenthetsa galimoto yanga m'chilimwe?
Imodzi mwamitu yosangalatsa kwambiri kwa madalaivala ndi mkangano wokhudza ngati mukufuna kutenthetsa injini ya "iron bwenzi" yanu. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti njirayi ndi yofunika m'nyengo yozizira. Ponena za nyengo yofunda ya chaka, madalaivala sangathe kupeza mgwirizano ngati kutentha kuli kopindulitsa kapena ayi.
Magalimoto amakono amayenda pamitundu inayi yamafuta: petulo, dizilo, gasi ndi magetsi, komanso kuphatikiza kwawo. Panthawi imeneyi pakukula kwamakampani opanga magalimoto, magalimoto ambiri amakhala ndi injini yoyaka moto yamafuta kapena dizilo.
Kutengera ndi mtundu wamafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya, mitundu iwiri ya injini zoyatsira mkati zimasiyanitsidwa:
- carburetor (kulowetsedwa m'chipinda choyaka moto ndi kusiyana kwapakati kapena pamene kompresa ikuyenda);
- jakisoni (magetsi amabaya osakaniza pogwiritsa ntchito ma nozzles apadera).
Ma injini a Carburetor ndi mtundu wakale wama injini oyatsira mkati, magalimoto ambiri (ngati si onse) oyendetsedwa ndi petulo tsopano ali ndi jekeseni.
Ponena za dizilo ICE, ali ndi mapangidwe ogwirizana ndipo amasiyana kokha pamaso pa turbocharger. Mitundu ya TDI ili ndi ntchitoyi, pomwe HDI ndi SDI ndi zida zamtundu wa mumlengalenga. Mulimonsemo, injini za dizilo zilibe dongosolo lapadera loyatsira mafuta. Microexplosions, yomwe imatsimikizira kuti kuyaka kuyambika, kumachitika chifukwa cha kuponderezedwa kwamafuta apadera a dizilo.
Magalimoto amagetsi amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi kuyendetsa magalimoto. Alibe magawo osuntha (pistoni, carburetors), kotero dongosolo siliyenera kutenthedwa.
Ma injini a Carburetor amagwira ntchito mozungulira 4 kapena 2. Komanso, ma ICE omwe ali ndi mikwingwirima iwiri amayikidwa makamaka pamakina, scythes, njinga zamoto, ndi zina zambiri - zida zomwe zilibe katundu wolemetsa ngati magalimoto.
Machenjerero a kuzungulira kumodzi kogwirira ntchito kwagalimoto wamba yonyamula anthu
- Cholowa. Gawo latsopano la osakaniza limalowa mu silinda kudzera mu valavu yolowera (mafuta amasakanikirana ndi gawo lofunikira ndi mpweya mu carburetor diffuser).
- Kuponderezana. Ma valve olowa ndi otulutsa amatsekedwa, pisitoni yachipinda choyaka moto imakanikiza kusakaniza.
- Kuwonjezera. Kusakaniza kokanikizidwa kumayatsidwa ndi spark plug. Mipweya yomwe imapezeka pochita izi imasunthira pisitoni m'mwamba, ndipo imatembenuza crankshaft. Izinso zimapangitsa kuti mawilo azizungulira.
- Kumasula. Silinda imachotsedwa pazinthu zoyaka moto kudzera mu valve yotsegula yotulutsa mpweya.
Monga tikuonera pa chithunzi chosavuta cha ntchito ya injini kuyaka mkati, ntchito zake zimatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kolondola kwa carburetor ndi chipinda choyaka moto. Ma midadada awiriwa, nawonso, amakhala ndi tizigawo tating'onoting'ono komanso tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatha kugundana nthawi zonse.
M'malo mwake, mafuta osakaniza amawapaka bwino. Komanso, mafuta apadera amatsanuliridwa mu dongosolo, omwe amateteza mbali ku abrasion. Koma pa siteji ya kuyatsa injini kuyaka mkati, zosakaniza zonse ali mu chikhalidwe ozizira ndipo sangathe kudzaza madera onse zofunika ndi liwiro la mphezi.
Kutenthetsa injini yoyaka mkati imagwira ntchito zotsatirazi:
- kutentha kwa mafuta kumakwera ndipo, chifukwa chake, madzi ake;
- mpweya ducts wa carburetor kutentha;
- Injini yoyatsira mkati imafika kutentha (90 ° C).
Mafuta osungunuka amafika mosavuta pangodya iliyonse ya injini ndikutumiza, amathira mbali ndikuchepetsa kukangana. ICE yotentha imayenda mosavuta komanso mofanana.
M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kumatsika pansi pa 0 ° C, kutenthetsa injini yoyaka mkati mwa carburetor ndikofunikira. The mphamvu chisanu, thicker mafuta ndi kuipa kufalikira kudzera dongosolo. Chifukwa chake, poyambitsa injini yoyaka mkati, imayamba ntchito yake pafupifupi youma.
Ponena za nyengo yofunda, mafuta mu dongosolo ndi otentha kwambiri kuposa m'nyengo yozizira. Kodi ndiyenera kutenthetsa injini ndiye? Yankho lake ndi inde kuposa ayi. Kutentha kozungulira sikungathebe kutenthetsa mafuta kuti azitha kufalikira momasuka mu dongosolo lonse.
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa kutentha kwa nyengo yachisanu ndi chilimwe kumakhala kokha panthawi ya ndondomekoyi. Madalaivala odziwa bwino amalangiza kuyatsa injini yoyatsira mkati osagwira ntchito kwa mphindi 10-15 ulendowo usanachitike (malingana ndi kutentha kozungulira). M'chilimwe, mphindi 1-1,5 zidzakhala zokwanira.
Injini yoyatsira jekeseni yamkati imapita patsogolo kwambiri kuposa carburetor, chifukwa mafuta omwe amakhalamo ndi ochepa. Komanso, zipangizozi ndi zamphamvu kwambiri (pafupifupi ndi 7-10%).
Opanga magalimoto mu malangizo a magalimoto okhala ndi jekeseni akuwonetsa kuti magalimotowa safunikira kutenthetsa nthawi yachilimwe ndi yozizira. Chifukwa chachikulu ndikuti kutentha kozungulira sikumakhudza ntchito yake.
Komabe, madalaivala odziwa bwino amalangizabe kutenthetsa kwa masekondi 30 m'chilimwe, komanso pafupifupi mphindi imodzi kapena ziwiri m'nyengo yozizira.
Mafuta a dizilo ali ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu, ndipo kutentha kozungulira, kuyambitsa injini yoyaka mkati kumakhala kovuta, osanenapo za kuwonongeka kwa magawo a dongosolo. Kutenthetsa galimoto yotere kumakhala ndi zotsatirazi:
- kumawonjezera moto;
- amachepetsa mafuta paraffinization;
- kutenthetsa mafuta osakaniza;
- imawonjezera atomization ya nozzle.
Izi zimakhala choncho makamaka m'nyengo yozizira. Koma madalaivala odziwa bwino amalangiza ngakhale m'chilimwe kuti azitsegula / kuzimitsa mapulagi oyaka nthawi, zomwe zimatenthetsa chipinda choyaka. Izi sikuti bwino ntchito ya injini kuyaka mkati, komanso kuteteza mbali zake kuti abrasion. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamamodeli a ICE omwe amatchedwa TDI (turbocharged).
Pofuna kusunga mafuta, madalaivala ambiri amaika LPG pamagalimoto awo. Kuphatikiza pa ma nuances ena onse okhudzana ndi ntchito yawo, pali kukayikira ngati kuli kofunikira kutenthetsa injini yoyaka mkati musanayendetse.
Monga muyezo, kuyambika kosagwira ntchito kumachitika pamafuta amafuta. Koma mfundo zotsatirazi zimalolanso kutentha kwa gasi:
- kutentha kwa mpweya pamwamba +5 ° С;
- utumiki wathunthu wa injini kuyaka mkati;
- mafuta osinthana kuti agwiritse ntchito (mwachitsanzo, gwiritsani ntchito gasi kamodzi, ndipo 1-4 yotsatira mugwiritse ntchito mafuta).
Chinthu chimodzi ndi chosatsutsika - m'chilimwe ndikofunikira kutenthetsa injini yoyaka mkati yomwe ikuyenda pa gasi.
Mwachidule za zomwe tafotokozazi, tinganene kuti m'chilimwe ndikofunikira kutentha injini zamafuta a carbureted, gasi ndi turbocharged dizilo. Injector ndi magetsi amatha kugwira ntchito bwino m'nyengo yotentha komanso popanda kutentha.
