New spaceport, roketi yatsopano

Kukhazikitsa mtundu wamagalimoto a 201 Chang Zheng-7 omwe adakhazikitsidwa pakukhazikitsa LC340 ya Wenchang Satellite Launch Center pachilumba cha Hainan.

Pa June 25, 2016 nthawi ya 12:00:07,413:20 UTC (00:201 nthawi yaku China), galimoto yotsegulira ya Chang Zheng-7 version 340 inanyamuka pa Launch Complex LCXNUMX pa Wenchang Satellite Launch Center ku Hainan Island.

Kwa aku China, uku kunali kutsegulira kopambana - sikunangoyambitsa cosmodrome yatsopano komanso roketi yatsopano, yokonda zachilengedwe, komanso kuyesa matekinoloje angapo, njira ndi zida zopezera zosowa za pulogalamu ya mlengalenga, kuphatikizapo chitsanzo cha cockpit wa ndege yamtsogolo, yomwe idaperekedwa bwino ku Earth ndi yankho ku American Orion kapena RF.

Malo omwe alipo

Pakalipano, PRC ili ndi malo atatu oyendetsa mlengalenga, omwe amaika patsogolo pa dziko lapansi ponena za chiwerengero, chiwerengero chomwecho ku Russia, ndi chinanso ku United States. Zinthu zinali zoipitsitsa pang'ono poganizira kuchuluka kwa oyambitsa omwe akugwira ntchito, koma zikuwoneka kuti chiwerengero chawo chikugwirizana ndi zosowa zamakono. Malo oyamba amlengalenga aku China anali JSLC, i.e. Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (ngakhale kuti dzinali silinadziwike kwa zaka zingapo popeza linali malo oyeserera amisala achinsinsi omwe akugwira ntchito kuyambira 1958) ali m'chigawo cha Gansu m'chipululu cha Gobi, pafupifupi 1600 km. ku Beijing. danga lake kuwonekera koyamba kugulu kunachitika mu 1970, pamene People's Republic of China anakhala dziko lachisanu (pambuyo USSR, USA, France ndi Japan) kuti adziwe luso zovuta mlengalenga. CZ-1 (Chang Zheng, chi. Long March), FB-1 (Feng Bao, chi. Mkuntho) mivi anapezerapo ku malo, ndipo tsopano zosiyanasiyana CZ-2 zitsanzo, kuphatikizapo CZ-2F ndi Shenzhou ndi CZ munthu mlengalenga - zinayi . Kuchokera pamenepo, ma satelayiti adayambitsidwa mumayendedwe otsika okhala ndi ma 4-41 °.

Kukhazikitsidwa koyamba kwa roketi ya XSLC kuchokera ku Xichang Space Center ku Sichuan kunachitika mu 1984. Cosmodrome imayang'ana kwambiri pakuyambitsa ma roketi kuti apite kumayendedwe a geostationary, motero makamaka amalumikizana ndi matelefoni ndi zanyengo, komanso ma satellite asayansi ndi ma probe a mwezi. . Mitundu yonse ya CZ-3 idagwiritsidwa ntchito pano, komanso CZ-2C ndi CZ-2E.

Malo omaliza aku China omwe analipo anali TSLC, kapena Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center. Ili m'chigawo cha Shanxi, idayamba ntchito zake zakuthambo mu 1988. The spaceport ili ndi azimuth yaying'ono yotsegulira, yomwe imalola kuti ilowe mumayendedwe ozungulira okha. Chifukwa chake, pafupifupi ma satelayiti owonera padziko lapansi omwe amanyamulidwa ndi maroketi a CZ-4 akuyambitsa kuchokera pano, ndipo chaka chatha adayambitsa galimoto yatsopano ya CZ-6. Komabe, chomalizachi chikutanthauza mbadwo watsopano wa zida zoponya.

Zoponya zamakono

Pakadali pano, China yagwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi mitundu khumi ndi iwiri ya roketi zamafuta amadzimadzi, zamitundu ikuluikulu inayi (CZ-1… CZ-4), kukhazikitsa ma satelayiti munjira. Ndimasiya dala mapangidwe otengera magawo olimba (Kaituozhe, Kuaizhou kapena CZ-11), chifukwa awa ndi maroketi omwe angonyamuka kamodzi kapena kawiri ndipo tsogolo lawo silidziwika bwino, iyi ndi nthambi yomwe ikufa ya sayansi ya rocket yaku China. .

Mosasamala za kukula ndi kunyamulira, kuchuluka kwa magawo ndi injini zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, roketi zonse zamafuta amadzimadzi, kapena magawo awo oyamba, zimachokera kumitundu iwiri ya zida zankhondo za DF-3 (Dongfeng-3, CSS-2) kapena DF. -5 (Dongfeng-5, US-4). Amadziwika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza zodzisangalatsa za hypergol ngati mafuta. Usymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (yomwe imadziwika bwino ndi chidule cha Chingerezi UDMH) monga mafuta ndi dinitrogen tetroxide (omwe kale anali nitrogen tetroxide, N2O4) monga oxidizer samayendetsedwa ndi ma Protoni aku Russia okha, American Titans kapena Deltas, koma banja lonse la Chang Zheng. Tiyenera kutsindika kuti zigawo zonsezi ndi zoopsa kwambiri osati kwa anthu okha, komanso chilengedwe.

The otchulidwa CZ roketi kuphimba kufunika kwa payload 1009200 502200 25005000 makilogalamu otsika Earth kanjira, kudzera 6,5 8 makilogalamu kuti Sun-synchronous orbit, mpaka 3 2 2,3 makilogalamu kusamutsa ku kanjira geostationary. Zaka zambiri zapitazo zinali zoonekeratu kuti kunalibe chonyamulira cholemera cha ma satelayiti akuluakulu a geostationary kapena chombo cha m’mlengalenga. Pakadali pano, sizachilendo kuti unyinji wawo upitirire 20t, ndipo pali mwayi woti achuluke mpaka XNUMXt, ndipo kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa satelayiti kumayikidwa munjira ya geostationary ndi mtundu wa CZ-XNUMXB/GXNUMXt sikudutsa. XNUMXt. Malo okwerera, omwe adzakhala ndi kulemera pafupifupi matani XNUMX.