Cholinga cha injini phiri mu galimoto ndi mfundo yake ntchito

Kuphatikizika kovuta kwa katundu kumagwira ntchito pagawo lamagetsi lagalimoto iliyonse:

• Zochita kuchokera kumayendedwe a torque kupita ku mawilo oyendetsa;
• Mphamvu zopingasa panthawi yoyambira, ma braking molimba komanso kugwira ntchito kwa clutch;
• Katundu woyima mukamayendetsa mabampu;
• Kugwedezeka kwa vibration, mphamvu ndi ma frequency omwe amasintha molingana ndi kusintha kwa liwiro la crankshaft;
• Kulemera kwake kwa injini yosonkhanitsidwa ndi bokosi la gear.

Gawo lalikulu la katunduyo limatengedwa ndi chimango (thupi) la galimoto.

Kugwedezeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ma frequency omveka kumalowa mnyumbamo, kusokoneza chitonthozo cha dalaivala ndi okwera. Kugwedezeka kwafupipafupi kumamveka ndi khungu ndi thupi, zomwe sizimawonjezera kuyenda.

Eni magalimoto amalimbana ndi kusinthasintha kwa ma frequency amawu pokhazikitsa zowonjezera zotsekera phokoso.

Zokwera zamainjini zokhazo zomwe zitha kufewetsa ndi kupondereza kugwedezeka kwapang'onopang'ono.

Ntchito zazikulu za kukwera kwa injini

Zothandizira (mapilo) ndi mfundo zomwe injini ndi bokosi la gear zimayikidwa pa chimango, subframe kapena thupi lagalimoto.

Zothandizira zamagetsi zimapangidwira kuti zizigwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali ndi kudalirika kwakukulu komanso kuvala kochepa.

Mwamadongosolo, zothandizira zambiri zimakhala ndi chitsulo chopangidwa kale chokhala ndi zinthu zotanuka zomwe zimayikidwa mkati zomwe zimayamwa ma vibrate ndi kutsitsa kugwedezeka. Mphamvu zodutsa ndi zotalika zomwe zimagwira pagawo la mphamvu zimazindikiridwa ndi mapangidwe a pilo.

Ntchito zazikulu za kukwera kwa injini:

• Kuchepetsa kapena kuzimitsa kwathunthu kugwedezeka ndi katundu wina pamagetsi omwe amapezeka pamene galimoto ikuyenda;
• Kuchepetsa bwino kugwedezeka ndi mawu opangidwa ndi injini yothamanga ndikulowa mkati mwagalimoto;
• Chotsani kusuntha kwa gawo lamagetsi ndipo, potero, muchepetse kuvala kwa magawo oyendetsa (cardan drive) ndi mota yokha.

Chiwerengero ndi malo okwera injini

Makokedwe opangidwa ndi mota, molingana ndi malamulo a kinematics, amakonda kutembenuza mota kumbali ina ndi kuzungulira kwa crankshaft ndi flywheel. Chifukwa chake, mbali imodzi ya injini, zothandizira zake zimagwiranso ntchito kupsinjika, komano, pamavuto. Zochita za zothandizira pamene makina akuyenda kumbuyo sizisintha.

• M'magalimoto okhala ndi nthawi yayitali yamagetsi, zothandizira zinayi zotsika (mapilo) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mabokosi a injini amamangiriridwa kutsogolo kwa zothandizira, ndipo bokosi la gear limakhala kumbuyo. Zothandizira zinayi zonse zamagalimoto a chimango ndizofanana.

Pa zitsanzo ndi thupi monocoque injini ndi gearbox wokwera pa gawo laling'ono, kotero masamu gearbox akhoza kusiyana ndi mounts injini.

• M'magalimoto ambiri oyendetsa kutsogolo, injini yokhala ndi gearbox imayikidwa pazithandizo zitatu, zomwe ziŵiri zapansi zimakhala pa subframe ndipo lachitatu, lapamwamba limayimitsidwa.

Mtsamiro wapamwamba ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi wapansi.

M'mapangidwe onse, pakati pa subframe ndi ziwalo zam'mbali za thupi, zinthu za rabara zotanuka zimayikidwa zomwe zimayamwa kugwedezeka.

Mutha kuyang'ana momwe zilili ndikuzindikira zothandizira zamagetsi pokwezera galimotoyo pamalo okwera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito dzenje lowonera. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika dismantle injini chitetezo.

Thandizo lapamwamba limapezeka kuti liwonedwe kuchokera pansi pa hood. Nthawi zambiri, kuti muyang'ane chithandizo chapamwamba, muyenera kuchotsa pulasitiki casing ya injini ndi zina mwa zigawo zake komanso misonkhano, monga mpweya kapena jenereta.

Mtundu wamagetsi othandizira

Pachitsanzo chilichonse, opanga ma automaker amasankha zokwera za powertrain zokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri. Zitsanzo zonse zimayesedwa pazitsulo komanso panthawi ya mayesero enieni a m'nyanja. Zomwe zinachitikira zopanga zazikulu zimalola kwa zaka zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mapilo a mapangidwe omwewo pamakina opangidwa pamapulatifomu wamba.

Mapilo onse (zothandizira) zamagalimoto amakono zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri ndi mapangidwe:

1. Rubber-zitsulo. Iwo ali okonzeka ndi pafupifupi onse misa ndi bajeti magalimoto.
2. Hayidiroliki. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto apamwamba komanso apamwamba kwambiri. M'malo mwake, amagawidwa kukhala:

• kungokhala chete, ndikuchita mosalekeza;
• yogwira, kapena yoyendetsedwa, yokhala ndi zinthu zosinthika.

Momwe kukwera kwa injini kumapangidwira ndikugwira ntchito

Zothandizira zonse (mapilo), mosasamala kanthu za mapangidwe ake, amapangidwa kuti azikonza bwino mphamvu yamagetsi okhudzana ndi chimango (thupi) la galimoto, kuyamwa kapena kuchepetsa katundu wosiyanasiyana ndi kugwedezeka kuzinthu zovomerezeka.

Thandizo la mphira-zitsulo ndizosavuta kupanga. Pakati pa zitsulo ziwirizi pali zotanuka ziwiri zopangidwa ndi mphira (rabara yopangira). Bawuti (stud) imadutsa pamzere wa chithandizo, kumangiriza injini ku subframe ndikupanga mphamvu yayikulu yothandizira.

Muzitsulo zazitsulo za rabara, pakhoza kukhala zinthu zingapo za mphira za elasticity, zolekanitsidwa ndi ochapira zitsulo-spacers. Nthawi zina, kuwonjezera pazitsulo zotanuka, kasupe amaikidwa mu chithandizo, chomwe chimachepetsa kugwedezeka kwapamwamba.

M'magalimoto othamanga pamasewera, pomwe zofunikira za chitonthozo ndi kutsekereza mawu zimatsitsidwa, zoyikapo pilo za polyurethane zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimakhala zolimba komanso zosavala.

Pafupifupi zida zonse zachitsulo za rabara zimatha kutha, gawo lililonse lowonongeka litha kusinthidwa.

Kugawidwa kwakukulu kwa zothandizira zowonongeka ndi zomangira zotanuka zimafotokozedwa ndi chipangizo chawo chosavuta, kusunga komanso mtengo wotsika.

Ma hydraulic bearings amachepetsa pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya katundu ndi kugwedezeka mu dongosolo la injini.

Pistoni yodzaza masika imayikidwa mu cylindrical body ya hydraulic support yodzazidwa ndi madzi ogwira ntchito. Ndodo ya pisitoni imakhazikika pamagetsi amagetsi, silinda yogwira ntchito yothandizira imayikidwa pa subframe ya thupi.Pistoni ikasuntha, madzi ogwirira ntchito amayenda kuchokera ku silinda imodzi kupita ku ina kudzera mu ma valve ndi mabowo mu pistoni. Kuuma kwa akasupe ndi kuwerengetsa mamasukidwe akayendedwe a madzimadzi ogwira ntchito kulola kuti chithandizo chichepetse bwino mphamvu zopondereza komanso zolimba.

Mu hydromount yogwira (yolamulidwa) imayikidwa diaphragm yomwe imasintha kuchuluka kwa madzi m'munsi mwa silinda ndipo, motero, nthawi ndi liwiro la kutuluka kwake, komwe kumadalira mphamvu za hydromount.

Zothandizira zogwira ma hydraulic zimasiyana momwe zimayendetsedwa:

• Zimango. Ndi chosinthira pagawo, dalaivala amawongolera pamanja malo a diaphragms pazothandizira, kutengera momwe magalimoto amayendera komanso katundu pagawo lamagetsi.
• Zamagetsi. Kuchuluka kwa madzi ogwirira ntchito ndi kayendedwe ka diaphragms m'mabowo ogwira ntchito, i.e. kukhazikika kwa ma hydraulic bearings kumayendetsedwa ndi purosesa ya onboard, kulandira chizindikiro kuchokera ku sensa yothamanga.

Ma hydro bearings ndi ovuta kupanga. Kudalirika kwawo ndi kukhazikika kwawo kumadalira kusasinthika kwa katundu wamadzimadzi ogwira ntchito, ubwino wa ziwalo, ma valve, zisindikizo ndi mphete.

Kukula kwa matekinoloje amakono kwapangitsa kuti pakhale mtundu watsopano wa ma hydraulic bearings - okhala ndi mphamvu zowongolera.

The madzimadzi ntchito mu dynamic hydromounts ndi kubalalitsidwa kwa microparticles wa maginito zitsulo. Kukhuthala kwa maginito amadzimadzi ogwirira ntchito kumasintha mothandizidwa ndi gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi lopangidwa ndi ma windings apadera. Purosesa ya pa board, yomwe imayang'anira momwe galimoto imayendera, imawongolera kukhuthala kwa maginito amadzimadzi, kusintha mawonekedwe amphamvu a injini ya hydraulic mounts kuchokera pazipita mpaka ziro.

Ma hydraulic mounts controlled hydraulic mounts ndizovuta komanso zodula kupanga. Iwo ali ndi magalimoto umafunika, chitonthozo ndi kudalirika amene wogula amafuna mkulu.

Ma automakers onse amakono amayesetsa kutsimikizira kudalirika kwa galimoto panthawi ya chitsimikizo ndi kukonzanso kotheka kokha pa malo ovomerezeka. Chikhumbo chofuna kulungamitsa kukwera kwamitengo mwa kukonza zinthu kwapangitsa kuti injini za rabara-zitsulo zichotsedwe ndi ma hydraulic amitundu yonse, omwe asinthidwa kale ndi ma hydrodynamic.

Mwiniwake wa galimoto yatsopano, yemwe amayembekeza kukwera nthawi yonse ya chitsimikizo popanda mavuto ndi kukonzanso, amangokakamizika kuyendetsa galimotoyo mosamala komanso mosamala.

madalaivala onse amene akufuna kuyendetsa galimoto serviceable osavomerezeka kutsatira mawu ngati "Kuchokera pa malo achitatu - phula mu accordion", "More liwiro - mabowo ochepa".