Cholinga ndi mfundo ya ntchito ya dongosolo utsi

Pogwiritsa ntchito injini yamagalimoto, zinthu zoyaka zimapangidwira zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri. Kwa kuziziritsa kwawo ndi kuchotsedwa kwa masilindala, komanso kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe, dongosolo la utsi limaperekedwa pamapangidwe agalimoto. Ntchito ina ya dongosololi ndi kuchepetsa phokoso la injini. Dongosolo lotulutsa mpweya limapangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo, chilichonse chimakhala ndi ntchito yake.

Utsi dongosolo

Ntchito yaikulu ya dongosolo la utsi ndikuchotsa bwino mpweya wotuluka muzitsulo za injini, kuchepetsa kawopsedwe kawo ndi phokoso. Kudziwa zomwe galimoto yotulutsa mpweya imapangidwira kungakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa momwe imagwirira ntchito komanso zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto. Mapangidwe a dongosolo lotayirira lokhazikika limatengera mtundu wamafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso momwe chilengedwe chimayendera. Exhaust system ikhoza kukhala ndi zigawo zotsatirazi:

• Utsi wochuluka - umagwira ntchito yochotsa mpweya ndi kuziziritsa (kuyeretsa) kwa masilindala a injini. Amapangidwa ndi zinthu zolimbana ndi kutentha chifukwa kutentha kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kumakhala pakati pa 700 ° C ndi 1000 ° C.
• Chitoliro chakutsogolo ndi chitoliro chowoneka bwino chokhala ndi ma flanges okwera ku manifold kapena turbocharger.
• Chosinthira chothandizira (chomwe chimayikidwa mu injini ya petulo ya Euro-2 ndi muyezo wapamwamba kwambiri wa chilengedwe) chimachotsa zinthu zovulaza kwambiri CH, NOx, CO ku mpweya wotayira, kuwasandutsa mpweya wamadzi, carbon dioxide ndi nitrogen.
• Chotsekera chamoto - choyikidwa mumayendedwe otulutsa magalimoto m'malo mwa chothandizira kapena chosefera (monga chosinthira bajeti). Amapangidwa kuti achepetse mphamvu ndi kutentha kwa mpweya wa gasi womwe umatuluka munjira zambiri. Mosiyana ndi chothandizira, sichichepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zapoizoni mu mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, koma kumachepetsa katundu pa mufflers.
• Lambda probe - yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa okosijeni mu mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Pakhoza kukhala sensor imodzi kapena ziwiri za okosijeni mu dongosolo. Pa injini zamakono (pamzere) zokhala ndi chothandizira, masensa a 2 amayikidwa.
• Fyuluta ya Particulate (gawo lovomerezeka la injini ya dizilo) - imachotsa mwaye pamipweya yotulutsa mpweya. Ikhoza kuphatikiza ntchito za chothandizira.
• Resonator (pre-silencer) ndi silencer yayikulu - kuchepetsa phokoso lotulutsa.
• Kupopera - kumagwirizanitsa mbali zosiyanasiyana za galimoto yotulutsa mpweya mu dongosolo limodzi.

Momwe makina opopera amagwirira ntchito

Mu mtundu wapamwamba wa injini za petulo, makina otulutsa agalimoto amagwira ntchito motere:

• Ma valve otulutsa injini amatseguka ndipo mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wokhala ndi zotsalira zamafuta osawotchedwa amachotsedwa m'masilinda.
• Mipweya yochokera ku silinda iliyonse imalowa m'malo otulutsa mpweya, pomwe imaphatikizidwa kukhala mtsinje umodzi.
• Kupyolera mu chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wochokera kumagetsi ambiri umadutsa mu kafukufuku woyamba wa lambda (sensa ya okosijeni), yomwe imalembetsa kuchuluka kwa okosijeni mu utsi. Malingana ndi deta iyi, gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi limayang'anira momwe mafuta amagwiritsira ntchito mafuta ndi mpweya wamafuta.
• Ndiye mpweya kulowa chothandizira, kumene amachita mankhwala ndi oxidizing zitsulo (platinamu, palladium) ndi kuchepetsa zitsulo (rhodium). Pankhaniyi, kutentha ntchito mpweya ayenera kukhala osachepera 300 ° C.
• Potulutsa chothandizira, mipweya imadutsa mu kafukufuku wachiwiri wa lambda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti athe kuwona momwe chosinthira chothandizira.
• Mipweya yowonongeka yoyeretsedwa imalowa mu resonator ndiyeno muffler, kumene kutuluka kwa mpweya kumasinthidwa (kuchepetsedwa, kukulitsidwa, kutumizidwa, kutengeka), zomwe zimachepetsa phokoso la phokoso.
• Mipweya yotulutsa mpweya yochokera ku chotchingira chachikulu chapopitsidwa kale kupita kumlengalenga.

Dongosolo la utsi wa injini ya dizilo lili ndi zinthu zina:

• Mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wotuluka m'masilinda umalowa m'malo osiyanasiyana. Kutentha kwa injini ya dizilo kumachokera ku 500 mpaka 700 ° C.
• Kenako amalowetsa turbocharger, yomwe imatulutsa mphamvu.
• Mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umadutsa mu sensa ya okosijeni ndikulowa mu fyuluta ya particulate, pomwe zigawo zovulaza zimachotsedwa.
• Potsirizira pake, utsiwo umadutsa muchotchinga cha galimotoyo n’kutulukira mumlengalenga.

Kukula kwa dongosolo lotayirira kumalumikizidwa mosagwirizana ndi kulimbitsa kwa miyezo ya chilengedwe yoyendetsera galimoto. Mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku gulu la Euro-3, kukhazikitsidwa kwa chothandizira ndi fyuluta ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta petulo ndi dizilo ndikofunikira, ndipo m'malo mwake ndi chomangira moto kumawonedwa ngati kuphwanya lamulo.