Catalytic Converter - ntchito yake m'galimoto

Utsi wagalimoto uli ndi zinthu zambiri zapoizoni. Pofuna kupewa kumasulidwa kwawo mumlengalenga, chipangizo chapadera chotchedwa "catalytic converter" kapena "catalyst" chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Imayikidwa pamagalimoto okhala ndi petulo ndi injini zoyatsira mkati za dizilo. Kudziwa momwe chosinthira chothandizira chimagwirira ntchito kungakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa kufunikira kwa ntchito yake ndikuwunika zotsatira zomwe kuchotsedwa kwake kungayambitse.

Chothandizira chothandizira

The catalytic converter ndi gawo la exhaust system. Ili kuseri kwa injini utsi zobweleza. Catalytic converter imakhala ndi:

• Nyumba zachitsulo zokhala ndi mapaipi olowera ndi potuluka.
• Ceramic block (monolith). Ichi ndi chopangidwa ndi porous chomwe chili ndi maselo ambiri omwe amawonjezera malo olumikizirana ndi mpweya wotulutsa ndi malo ogwirira ntchito.
• Chophimba chothandizira ndi chophimba chapadera pamwamba pa maselo a chipika cha ceramic, chopangidwa ndi platinamu, palladium ndi rhodium. Mu zitsanzo zaposachedwa, golide nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka - chitsulo chamtengo wapatali chokhala ndi mtengo wotsika.
• posungira. Zimagwira ntchito ngati kutchinjiriza kwamafuta komanso kuteteza chosinthira chothandizira kuti chisawonongeke ndi makina.

Ntchito yayikulu ya chosinthira chothandizira ndikuchepetsa zigawo zazikulu zitatu zapoizoni za mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, chifukwa chake amatchedwa - njira zitatu. Izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimayenera kusamalidwa:

• Nitrogen oxides NOx, chigawo cha utsi chomwe chimayambitsa mvula ya asidi, ndi poizoni kwa anthu.
• Mpweya wa carbon monoxide CO ndi wakupha kwa anthu pamene uli ndi 0,1% yokha mumlengalenga.
• Ma hydrocarbon CH ndi gawo la utsi, mankhwala ena amatha kuyambitsa khansa.

Kodi chosinthira chothandizira chimagwira ntchito bwanji

Pochita, chosinthira chanjira zitatu chimagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo iyi:

• Mipweya yotulutsa injini imafika pamiyala ya ceramic, pomwe imalowa m'maselo ndikudzaza kwathunthu. Zitsulo zopangira, palladium ndi platinamu, zimayatsa ma oxidation momwe ma hydrocarbon CH osawotchedwa amasinthidwa kukhala nthunzi wamadzi ndipo mpweya wa monooxide CO umasinthidwa kukhala mpweya woipa.
• Kuchepetsa kwachitsulo chothandizira rhodium kumasintha NOx (nitric oxide) kukhala nayitrogeni wamba, wopanda vuto.
• Mipweya yoyeretsedwa imatulutsidwa mumlengalenga.

Ngati galimotoyo ili ndi injini ya dizilo, fyuluta ya particulate nthawi zonse imayikidwa pafupi ndi chosinthira chothandizira. Nthawi zina zinthu ziwirizi zimatha kuphatikizidwa kukhala chinthu chimodzi.

Kutentha kwa ntchito kwa chosinthira chothandizira kumakhudza kwambiri mphamvu ya kusalowerera ndale kwa zida zapoizoni. Kutembenuka kwenikweni kumayamba kokha pambuyo pofika 300 ° C. Zimaganiziridwa kuti kutentha koyenera malinga ndi magwiridwe antchito ndi moyo wautumiki ndi pakati pa 400 ndi 800 ° C. Kukalamba kofulumira kwa chothandizira kumawonedwa mu kutentha kwapakati pa 800 mpaka 1000 ° C. Kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pa kutentha pamwamba pa 1000 ° C kumakhudza kwambiri chosinthira chothandizira. Njira ina yopangira zitsulo zotentha kwambiri ndi matrix achitsulo chamalata. Platinamu ndi palladium ndizomwe zimathandizira pakumangaku.

Resource catalytic converter

Moyo wapakati wa chosinthira chothandizira ndi makilomita 100, koma ndikugwira ntchito moyenera, amatha kugwira ntchito mpaka makilomita 000. Zomwe zimayambitsa kuvala msanga ndi kulephera kwa injini ndi mtundu wamafuta (mafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya). Kutentha kwakukulu kumachitika pamaso pa kusakaniza kowonda, ndipo ngati kuli kolemera kwambiri, chipika cha porous chimakhala chodzaza ndi mafuta osapsa, kulepheretsa kuti mankhwala oyenera asachitike. Izi zikutanthauza kuti moyo wautumiki wa catalytic converter wachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Chifukwa china chofala cha kulephera kwa ceramic catalytic converter ndi kuwonongeka kwamakina (ming'alu) chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwamakina. Amayambitsa kuwonongedwa kofulumira kwa midadada.

Pakachitika vuto, magwiridwe antchito a catalytic converter amawonongeka, omwe amadziwika ndi kafukufuku wachiwiri wa lambda. Pachifukwa ichi, gawo loyang'anira zamagetsi likunena kuti silikuyenda bwino ndikuwonetsa cholakwika "CHECK ENGINE" pa dashboard. Ma rattles, kuchuluka kwa mafuta komanso kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu ndizizindikiro za kuwonongeka. Pankhaniyi, imasinthidwa ndi yatsopano. Zothandizira sizingayeretsedwe kapena kukonzedwanso. Popeza chipangizochi ndi okwera mtengo, oyendetsa galimoto ambiri amakonda kungochotsa.

Kodi chosinthira chothandizira chingachotsedwe?

Pambuyo pochotsa chothandizira, nthawi zambiri chimasinthidwa ndi chomangira moto. Zotsirizirazi zimabwezera kutuluka kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Ndibwino kuti muyike kuti muchotse phokoso losasangalatsa lomwe limapanga pamene chothandizira chikuchotsedwa. Komanso, ngati mukufuna kuchotsa, ndi bwino kuchotsa chipangizocho kwathunthu osagwiritsa ntchito malingaliro a okonda magalimoto ena kuti abowole pa chipangizocho. Njira yotereyi imangosintha zinthu kwakanthawi.

M'magalimoto omwe amatsatira miyezo ya chilengedwe ya Euro 3, kuwonjezera pa kuchotsa chosinthira chothandizira, gawo lowongolera zamagetsi liyenera kuwunikiranso. Iyenera kusinthidwa kukhala mtundu wopanda chosinthira chothandizira. Mukhozanso kukhazikitsa lambda kafukufuku chizindikiro emulator kuthetsa kufunika ECU fimuweya.

Njira yabwino kwambiri ngati chosinthira chothandizira chalephera ndikuchisintha ndi gawo loyambirira muutumiki wapadera. Chifukwa chake, kusokoneza kapangidwe ka galimotoyo sikudzaphatikizidwa, ndipo kalasi yachilengedwe imagwirizana ndi zomwe wopanga amapanga.