Kwezani mphanda kuti muwone batire

Batire yagalimoto ndi chinthu chofunikira pazida zamagetsi zagalimoto. Kudziwa mkhalidwe wake weniweni ndikofunikira, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira. Kusokonekera kwa batire kobisika kungapangitse batire yanu kulephera panthawi yosayenera. Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe mungadziwire batri ndi pulagi yolipira.

Kodi foloko yonyamula katundu ndi chiyani, ndi ya chiyani?

Kuyesa batire yagalimoto mopanda ntchito sikungapereke chithunzi chonse cha momwe batire ilili, batire iyenera kupereka mphamvu yayikulu yokwanira, ndipo pamitundu ina ya zolakwika, kuyesa kopanda katundu kudzagwira ntchito bwino. Ogula akalumikizidwa, mphamvu ya batri yotereyi idzatsika pansi pa mtengo wovomerezeka.

Katundu wachitsanzo sikophweka. Ndikofunikira kukhala ndi chiwerengero chokwanira cha resistors cha kukana kofunikira kapena nyali za incandescent.

Kulipiritsa batire ndi nyali yamoto ya incandescent.

Kutsanzira "muzochitika zankhondo" kumakhalanso kovuta komanso kosathandiza. Mwachitsanzo, kuti muyatse choyambira ndikuyesa panopo nthawi yomweyo, mudzafunika wothandizira, ndipo chapano chingakhale chachikulu kwambiri. Ndipo ngati mukufuna kuyesa miyeso ingapo munjira iyi, pali chiopsezo chotulutsa batire pang'ono. Palinso vuto lokhazikitsa ammeter kuti athyole dera lamagetsi, ndipo ma clamp apano a DC ndi osowa komanso okwera mtengo kuposa wamba.

Multimeter yokhala ndi ma clamp a DC.

Chifukwa chake, chida chosavuta chodziwikiratu kwambiri mabatire ndi pulagi yolipira. Chipangizochi ndi katundu wowerengeka (kapena angapo), voltmeter ndi ma terminals olumikizira mabatire.

Chipangizo ndi ndondomeko ya ntchito

General dongosolo la mphanda katundu.

Nthawi zambiri, socket imakhala ndi zopinga ziwiri kapena zingapo za R1-R3, zomwe zimatha kulumikizidwa ndi batire yoyesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chosinthira choyenera S1-S3. Ngati palibe kiyi yotsekedwa, voteji yotseguka ya batire imayesedwa. Mphamvu zomwe zimatayidwa ndi zopinga panthawi yoyezera zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri, motero zimapangidwa ngati ma spiral a waya okhala ndi resistivity yayikulu. Pulagi imatha kukhala ndi chopinga chimodzi kapena ziwiri kapena zitatu, pamagawo osiyanasiyana amagetsi:

• 12 volts (kwa mabatire ambiri oyambira);
• 24 volts (ya mabatire oyendetsa);
• 2 volts poyesa zinthu.

Voltage iliyonse imapanga mulingo wosiyana wacharge pano. Pakhoza kukhalanso mapulagi okhala ndi milingo yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi pamagetsi (mwachitsanzo, chipangizo cha HB-01 chimatha kukhazikitsa ma amperes 100 kapena 200 pamagetsi a volts 12).

Pali nthano yoti kuyang'ana ndi pulagi ndikufanana ndi mawonekedwe afupipafupi omwe amawononga batri. M'malo mwake, ndalama zolipiritsa ndi mtundu uwu wa matenda nthawi zambiri zimachokera ku 100 mpaka 200 amperes, ndipo poyambira injini yoyaka mkati - mpaka 600 mpaka 800 amperes, chifukwa chake, malinga ndi nthawi yoyeserera kwambiri, palibenso mitundu yomwe imapita. kupitirira batire.

Kumapeto kwa pulagi (zoipa) nthawi zambiri ndi chojambula cha alligator, china - chabwino - ndikukhudzana ndi kukakamizidwa. Pakuyesa, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti cholumikizira chomwe chawonetsedwacho chikulumikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi batire kuti mupewe kukana kwambiri. Palinso mapulagi, pomwe pamtundu uliwonse woyezera (XX kapena pansi pa katundu) pali cholumikizira cholumikizira.

Malangizo ogwiritsidwa ntchito

Chida chilichonse chili ndi malangizo ake ogwiritsira ntchito. Zimatengera kapangidwe ka chipangizocho. Chikalatachi chiyenera kuwerengedwa mosamala musanagwiritse ntchito pulagi. Koma palinso mfundo zomwe zimafanana ndi zochitika zonse.

Kukonzekera kwa batri

Ndibwino kuti muyambe kulipira batire musanayambe kuyeza. Ngati izi ndizovuta, m'pofunika kuti mphamvu yosungirako mphamvu ikhale osachepera 50%; kotero miyeso idzakhala yolondola kwambiri. Mtengo wotere (kapena wapamwamba) umatheka mosavuta pakuyendetsa bwino popanda kulumikiza ogula amphamvu. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kupirira batire kwa maola angapo popanda kulipiritsa pokoka waya kuchokera kumalo amodzi kapena onse awiri (maola 24 akulimbikitsidwa, koma zochepa ndizotheka). Mutha kuyesa batire popanda kuichotsa mgalimoto.

Kuyang'ana batire popanda disassembly m'galimoto.

Kuyang'ana ndi pulagi yonyamula ndi pointer voltmeter

Muyeso woyamba umatengedwa popanda ntchito. Ma terminal opanda pake a pulagi ya alligator amalumikizidwa ku terminal yoyipa ya batri. The positive terminal imakanidwa mwamphamvu motsutsana ndi terminal yabwino ya batri. Voltmeter imawerenga ndikusunga (kapena kulembetsa) mtengo wamagetsi ocheperako. Kenako kulumikizana kwabwino kumatsegulidwa (kuchotsedwa pa terminal). Koyilo yolipira imayatsidwa (ngati pali zingapo, yofunikira imasankhidwa). Kulumikizana kwabwino kumakanikizidwanso mwamphamvu motsutsana ndi terminal yabwino (zotheka!). Pambuyo pa masekondi a 5, voteji yachiwiri imawerengedwa ndikusungidwa. Kuyeza kwautali sikuvomerezeka kuti tipewe kutenthedwa kwa choletsa katundu.

Gwirani ntchito ndi mafoloko osesedwa.

Mndandanda wazizindikiro

Mkhalidwe wa batri umatsimikiziridwa ndi tebulo. Kutengera zotsatira za kuyeza idling, mlingo wa malipiro amatsimikiziridwa. Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ili pansi pa katunduyo iyenera kufanana ndi mlingo uwu. Ngati ili m'munsi, ndiye kuti betri ndi yoipa.

Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza disassemble miyeso ndi matebulo batire ndi voteji 12 volts. Nthawi zambiri magome awiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito: poyezera mopanda ntchito ndi miyeso yonyamula katundu, ngakhale imatha kuphatikizidwa kukhala imodzi.

Mphamvu, V	12.6 ndi pamwambapa	12,3-12,6	12.1-12.3	11.8-12.1	11,8 kapena pansi
Mulingo woyang'anira,%	zana	75	makumi asanu	25	0

Gome ili limayang'ana mulingo wa batri. Tinene kuti voltmeter idawonetsa ma volts 12,4 osagwira ntchito. Izi zikufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa 75% (yowonetsedwa muchikasu).

Zotsatira za muyeso wachiwiri ziyenera kupezeka mu tebulo lachiwiri. Tiyerekeze voltmeter pansi katundu anasonyeza 9,8 volts. Izi zikugwirizana ndi mlingo womwewo wa 75%, ndipo tinganene kuti batri ndi yabwino. Ngati muyeso unapereka mtengo wotsika, mwachitsanzo, 8,7 volts, izi zikutanthauza kuti batire ilibe vuto ndipo silikhala ndi voteji pansi pa katundu.

Mphamvu, V	10.2 ndi pamwambapa	9,6 - 10,2	9,0-9,6	8,4-9,0	7,8 kapena pansi
Mulingo woyang'anira,%	zana	75	makumi asanu	25	0

Kenako, muyenera kuyeza voteji lotseguka dera kachiwiri. Ngati sichibwerera kumtengo wake woyambirira, izi zikuwonetsanso mavuto ndi batri.

Ngati banki iliyonse ya batri ikhoza kuimbidwa, selo lolephera likhoza kuwerengedwa. Koma m'mabatire amakono agalimoto apangidwe osasiyanitsidwa, izi sizokwanira, zomwe zingapatse. Tiyeneranso kumvetsetsa kuti kutsika kwamagetsi pansi pa katundu kumadalira mphamvu ya batri. Ngati miyeso ili "m'mphepete", mfundoyi iyeneranso kuganiziridwa.

Kusiyana pakugwiritsa ntchito pulagi ya digito

Pali zitsulo zokhala ndi microcontroller ndi chizindikiro cha digito (amatchedwa "digital" sockets). Mbali yake ya mphamvu imakonzedwa mofanana ndi chipangizo chodziwika bwino. Mphamvu yoyezera ikuwonetsedwa pa chizindikiro (chofanana ndi multimeter). Koma ntchito za microcontroller nthawi zambiri zimachepetsedwa osati kungosonyeza mu mawonekedwe a manambala. M'malo mwake, pulagi yotereyi imakulolani kuchita popanda matebulo - kufananiza kwa ma voltages pakupuma ndi pansi pa katundu kumachitika ndikukonzedwa zokha. Kutengera zotsatira za muyeso, wowongolera adzawonetsa zotsatira zowunikira pazenera. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito zina zautumiki zimaperekedwa ku gawo la digito: kusunga kuwerenga kukumbukira, etc. Pulagi yotereyi ndiyosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, koma mtengo wake ndi wokwera.

"Digital" charger pulagi.

Malangizo osankhidwa

Posankha chotulukira kuti muone batire, choyamba, tcherani khutu ku magetsi oyendetsa bwino. Ngati mukuyenera kugwira ntchito kuchokera ku batri yokhala ndi voteji ya 24 volts, chipangizo chokhala ndi 0..15 volts sichidzagwira ntchito, pokhapokha chifukwa chakuti mitundu ya voltmeter sikwanira.

Mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito iyenera kusankhidwa kutengera kuchuluka kwa mabatire oyesedwa:

• kwa mabatire otsika mphamvu, parameter iyi ikhoza kusankhidwa mkati mwa 12A;
• kwa mabatire agalimoto okhala ndi mphamvu yofikira 105 Ah, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pulagi yomwe idavotera panopa mpaka 100 A;
• Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira mabatire amphamvu (105+ Ah) zimalola mphamvu ya 200 A pamagetsi a 24 volts (mwina 12).

Muyeneranso kulabadira kapangidwe ka ojambula - ayenera kukhala osavuta momwe angathere poyesa mitundu ina ya mabatire.

Momwe mungabwezeretsere batri yakale yagalimoto

Zotsatira zake, mutha kusankha pakati pa "digito" ndi zizindikiro zamtundu wamba (pointer). Kuwerenga mawerengedwe a digito ndikosavuta, koma musapusitsidwe ndi kulondola kwapamwamba kwa zowonetsera zoterozo; mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, kulondola sikungapitirire kuphatikizira kapena kuchotsera manambala amodzi kuchokera pagawo lomaliza (kwenikweni, cholakwika choyezera chimakhala chapamwamba nthawi zonse). Ndipo mphamvu ndi njira ya kusintha kwa magetsi, makamaka ndi nthawi yochepa yoyezera, imawerengedwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zoyimba. Komanso ndi zotsika mtengo.

Choyesa batri chopanga tokha chotengera multimeter.

Muzovuta kwambiri, pulagi imatha kupangidwa paokha - ichi si chipangizo chovuta kwambiri. Sizingakhale zovuta kwa mbuye waluso lapakati kuwerengera ndi kupanga chipangizo "chake" (mwina, kuwonjezera pa ntchito zautumiki zomwe zimachitidwa ndi microcontroller, izi zidzafuna mlingo wapamwamba kapena thandizo la akatswiri).