Kodi camshaft ikhoza kugogoda ndi choti muchite

Vuto likhoza kubwera mu injini zokhala ndi mtunda wautali kapena mwa omwe kukonza kwawo sikunayang'anitsidwe, amadzaza mafuta onyenga komanso otsika mtengo, osasintha kawirikawiri, amasungidwa pamtundu ndi nthawi ya kusintha kwa fyuluta.

M'mbuyomu, panali ma motors omwe amavala mofulumira camshaft chifukwa cha zolakwika za mapangidwe ndi zamakono, izi sizichitika, injini zonse zimakhala zofanana.

Mfundo ya ntchito ya camshaft mu injini

Ndizotheka kuonetsetsa kutembenuka kothandiza kwambiri kwa mphamvu yamafuta amafuta kukhala mphamvu zamakina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posuntha galimoto pokhapokha ngati mikhalidwe yoyenera kuyaka m'masilinda imawonedwa mosamalitsa.

Injini yokhala ndi sitiroko inayi iyenera kunyamula voliyumu yogwira ntchito munthawi yake ndi kuchuluka komwe kumafunikira (ndi mtundu) wamafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya, kuyipondereza, kuyatsa moto munthawi yake ndikulola mphamvu yotentha kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pakukulitsa voliyumu. Kuthamanga kwakukulu pa pistoni.

Udindo waukulu mu izi umasewera ndi nthawi ya valve. Ndipotu, awa ndi ngodya zozungulira za crankshaft zomwe ma valve amatsegula ndi kutseka. Pali awiri a iwo - cholowera ndi chotulukira. Ngati pali ma valve ochulukirapo, ndiye kuti izi zimangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma valve olowetsa ndi kutulutsa mpweya kuti asokoneze kutuluka kwa mpweya pang'ono.

Kupatulapo ma injini apadera komanso othamanga, ma valve amatsekedwa ndi akasupe amphamvu obwerera. Koma amatsegula mothandizidwa ndi makamera a eccentric a mawonekedwe ovuta (mbiri) omwe ali pamiyendo yozungulira mozungulira ndi crankshaft. Apa "synchronously" amatanthauza kulumikizana momveka bwino komanso kosadziwika bwino kwa ma frequency ozungulira, osati kudziwika kwawo.

Shaft iyi, ndipo pakhoza kukhala imodzi kapena zingapo, imatchedwa camshaft kapena camshaft. Tanthauzo la dzinali ndikugawira kutuluka kwa kusakaniza ndi kutulutsa mpweya kudzera muzitsulo potsegula ndi kutseka ma valve.

Ma angles omwe makamera otuluka amawongoleredwa ndi zida zoyendetsa kapena sprocket zimatsimikizira nthawi ya valve. Mitsinje imayendetsedwa ndi magiya, unyolo kapena lamba wa mano kuchokera ku crankshaft.

Kutsika kulikonse kapena kusintha kwina kwa ma frequency ratio sikuphatikizidwa. Kawirikawiri, camshaft imapanga kusintha kumodzi kuwiri kulikonse kwa crankshaft. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuzungulirako kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kugawa kwa gasi, ndipo mkati mwazozungulira pali zozungulira zinayi, zozungulira ziwiri pakusintha.

Ntchito zazikulu za camshafts:

• onetsetsani kulondola ndi nthawi yotsegulira ndi kumasula (kutseka ndi kasupe) kwa valve iliyonse;
• ikani magawo onse a kayendedwe ka valve, kuthamanga, kuthamanga ndi kusintha kwachangu kwa tsinde lililonse panthawi yotsegula-kutseka, yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri;
• perekani kukweza kwa valve komwe mukufuna, ndiko kuti, kukana kuyenda kwa kudzaza ma silinda;
• kugwirizanitsa kudya ndi kutopa wina ndi mzake pa liwiro lonselo, nthawi zambiri machitidwe osintha magawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi - olamulira gawo (gawo shifters).

Pakati pa camshaft cam ndi tsinde la valve pakhoza kukhala mbali zapakatikati: pushers, rocker arms, zida zosinthira.

Nthawi zonse amatha kukhazikitsa kusiyana kwa kutentha, pamanja panthawi yokonza kapena basi, pogwiritsa ntchito ma compensators a hydraulic.

Zifukwa zogogoda

Nthawi zambiri, ngati kugogoda kumbali ya njira yogawa gasi (nthawi), kusintha kwa ma valve kumawonekera, komanso kuoneka kwa msana m'manja mwa okankhira ndi rocker. Mwachitsanzo, kugogoda kwa chopondera pampando wake wozungulira wamutu atavala.

Koma patapita nthawi, kugogoda kumayamba kusindikizidwa ndi camshaft. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuvala kwake kotsetsereka pamabedi (ma bere omveka) kapena kusintha kwamphamvu pamawonekedwe a makamera, pomwe ntchito yachete siyingathekenso ndi mipata iliyonse yotentha.

Chifukwa cha kuvala kwa ma bearings, shaft imatha kupeza ufulu wosafunikira pama radial komanso mbali ya axial. Kugogoda kudzawonekerabe. Ndi khutu, kugogoda kwa camshaft kuyenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi kugogoda kwa ma valve, pushers ndi mbali za crank mechanism.

Kugogoda kwa ma valve kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, monga kwa okankhira, kumasiyanasiyana pafupipafupi, ndipo pa crankshaft ndi pistons, kugogoda kumakhala pansi pamutu. Mukhozanso kusiyanitsa ndi kasinthasintha kasinthasintha, yomwe ndi theka la camshaft, koma ndizovuta kwambiri.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati kugogoda kuchokera ku camshaft

Amatha, komanso mosagwirizana, ma camshaft ndi mabedi awo. M'mbuyomu, panali umisiri wokonzanso womwe unkaphatikizapo kulowetsamo ma liner kapena nyumba zokhala ndi zokopa komanso kugaya magazini a shaft. Tsoka ilo, tsopano opanga ma motors saganiziranso za kukonza.

ntchito ya injini yoyaka mkati yokhala ndi camshaft yotayirira

Komabe, sikofunikira nthawi zonse kugula mutu wa block wokhala ndi mabedi. Pali njira zamakono zokonzera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, ndikutsatiridwa ndi poyambira kukula kwake kwa camshaft yatsopano. Mitsuko yokha, yokhala ndi kuvala mwamphamvu, iyenera kusinthidwa.

Koma ngati tikulankhula za magawo apadera omwe sangathe kugulidwa chifukwa cha mtengo kapena kusoŵa, ndiye kuti kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi camshafts pakhosi ndi makamera n'kotheka, kutsatiridwa ndi kukonza kukula ndi kugaya.

Pakuwonongeka kwapang'ono kwa makosi, kupukuta kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma nkhaniyi sikugwira ntchito pamutuwu, ma shafts oterewa samagogoda. Kugogoda kudzakhala chizindikiro cha kuvala kwambiri, pamene sikungathekenso kuchita popanda kusintha zigawo zazikulu.