Momwe mungasinthire ma valve mu injini

Pamene injini ikugwira ntchito, mbali zonse zimasintha kukula kwake kwa geometric chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kwa kutentha, zomwe sizidziwika nthawi zonse. Vutoli limakhudzanso kuyendetsa kwa mavavu a makina ogawa gasi mu injini zokhala ndi sitiroko zinayi. Apa ndikofunikira kutsegula ndi kutseka njira zolowera ndi zotuluka molondola komanso munthawi yake, pochita kumapeto kwa tsinde la valve, zomwe zimakhala zovuta pakukulitsa, zonse zomwe zimayambira zokha komanso mutu wonse wa block.

Okonza amakakamizika kusiya mipata yotentha m'malo olumikizirana mafupa kapena kuyika mayunitsi awo olipira.

Udindo wa ma valve ndi nthawi ya valve mu injini

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri za injini ikafika pakutulutsa mphamvu zake zambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ovomerezeka ndikudzaza ma silinda ndi kusakaniza kwatsopano. Imalowa mu voliyumu yogwira ntchito kudzera mu dongosolo la valve, amamasulanso mpweya wotulutsa mpweya.

Pamene injini ikuyenda mothamanga kwambiri, ndipo imatha kuganiziridwa ndi kulingalira kwina kulikonse komanso kutsika pang'ono, unyinji wa mpweya wodutsa mu masilinda akuyamba kuwonetsa katundu wawo wa aerodynamic, inert ndi ena okhudzana ndi kuyaka komanso kukulitsa matenthedwe. .

Kulondola ndi kutheka kwa mafuta otulutsa mphamvu ndi kusinthika kwake kukhala mphamvu zamakina zimadalira nthawi yake yosakanikirana ndi malo ogwirira ntchito, ndikutsatiridwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwake kochepa.

Nthawi zotsegula ndi kutseka kwa ma valve zimatsimikiziridwa ndi gawo la kayendedwe ka pistoni. Chifukwa chake lingaliro la kugawa gasi kwapang'onopang'ono.

Pa nthawi iliyonse, ndipo kwa galimoto izi zikutanthauza ngodya ya kasinthasintha crankshaft ndi sitiroko yeniyeni ya injini mkati mkombero, mkhalidwe wa valavu anatsimikiza ndithu. Zingangodalira kuthamanga ndi katundu mkati mwa malire okhazikika omwe amakhazikitsidwa ndi dongosolo lokonzekera gawo (gawo olamulira). Amakhala ndi injini zamakono komanso zapamwamba kwambiri.

Zizindikiro ndi zotsatira za chilolezo cholakwika

Momwemo, kulondola kwa ma valve kumatsimikizira kuti zero backlash. Ndiye valavu idzatsatira momveka bwino trajectory yokhazikitsidwa ndi mbiri ya camshaft cam. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ovuta komanso osankhidwa mosamala ndi opanga ma mota.

Koma kuti muzindikire izi ndizotheka pokhapokha mukugwiritsa ntchito ma hydraulic gap compensators, kutengera kapangidwe kake, komwe amatchedwanso ma hydraulic pushers ndi othandizira ma hydraulic.

Nthawi zina, kusiyana kudzakhala kochepa, koma kokwanira, kutengera kutentha. Madivelopa a injini yoyaka mkati, moyesera ndi kuwerengera, amazindikira momwe ziyenera kukhalira poyamba, kuti muzochitika zilizonse kusintha kwa chilolezo sikungakhudze magwiridwe antchito agalimoto, kuwononga kapena kutsitsa ogula.

Chilolezo chachikulu

Poyang'ana koyamba, kuwonjezeka kwa valve kumawoneka kotetezeka. Palibe kusintha kwa kutentha komwe kungawachepetse mpaka ziro, zomwe zimakhala ndi mavuto.

Koma kukula kwa nkhokwe zotere sikudutsa popanda kufufuza:

• injini akuyamba kupanga khalidwe kugogoda, amene kugwirizana ndi mathamangitsidwe mathamangitsidwe mbali pamaso kukumana;
• kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kumapangitsa kuti pakhale chitsulo chowonjezereka komanso kung'ambika kwazitsulo, fumbi ndi tchipisi zomwe zimatuluka zimasiyana mu injini, kuwononga ziwalo zonse zomwe zimapangidwa ndi crankcase wamba;
• nthawi ya valve imayamba kuchepa chifukwa cha nthawi yofunikira kuti musankhe mipata, zomwe zimabweretsa kusagwira bwino ntchito pa liwiro lalikulu.

Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, injini yogogoda kwambiri yokhala ndi mipata yayikulu imatha kukoka bwino pamakwerero otsika, kupeza, monga akunena, "tractor traction". Koma simungathe kuchita izi mwadala, injiniyo imathetsedwa mwachangu ndi zinthu zochokera pamalo omwe amakumana ndi zovuta zambiri.

Mpata wawung'ono

Kuchepetsa kusiyana kuli ndi zotsatira zachangu komanso zosasinthika. Pamene ikuwotha, chilolezo chosakwanira chidzakhala zero, ndipo kusokoneza kumawonekera pamagulu a makamera ndi ma valve. Zotsatira zake, mbale za valve sizidzagwirizananso mwamphamvu m'mabokosi awo.

Kuzizira kwa ma discs a valve kudzasokonezeka, gawo la kutentha komwe amawerengedwa kuti atayire muzitsulo zamutu panthawi yotseka. Ngakhale kuti ma valve amapangidwa kuchokera ku zitsulo zosagwira kutentha, amawotcha mofulumira ndikuwotcha pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha ndi mpweya umene ulipo. The motor adzataya kukanikiza ndi kulephera.

Kusintha kwa valve

Injini zina zimakonda kuwonjezera kutulutsa kwa ma valve panthawi yogwira ntchito bwino chifukwa cha kuwonongeka. Izi ndizochitika zotetezeka, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kuti musazindikire kugogoda kumene kwayamba.

Zoyipa kwambiri, ndipo mwatsoka umu ndi momwe ma mota ambiri amachitira pamene mipata imachepa pakapita nthawi. Chifukwa chake, kuti muchotse zero mipata ndi kuwotcha kwa mbale, ndikofunikira kuchita zosintha molingana ndi malamulo a fakitale.

Timagwiritsa ntchito probe

Njira yosavuta ndiyo kuchotsa chivundikiro cha valve, kusuntha kamera kutali ndi valavu yomwe ikuyang'aniridwa ndikuyesera kuyika choyezera chopanda phokoso kuchokera pakiti kupita kumalo.

Kawirikawiri, makulidwe a ma probes amakhala ndi phula la 0,05 mm, lomwe ndi lokwanira kuti muyese molondola molondola. Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa ma probes, omwe amadutsabe mumpata, amatengedwa ngati kukula kwa kusiyana.

Ndi njanji ndi chizindikiro

Pa ma motors ena, nthawi zambiri omwe ali ndi zida za rocker (levers, rockers) mumakina oyendetsa, ndizotheka kuyika chipangizo ngati njanji, pomwe soketi zimaperekedwa kuti zikhazikitse chizindikiro cholondola choyimba.

Mwa kubweretsa mwendo wake ku lever moyang'anizana ndi tsinde, mutha kugwedeza rocker kuchokera pacam pamanja kapena ndi mphanda wapadera, ndikuwerenga zowerengera pamlingo wa chizindikiro ndikulondola pafupifupi 0,01 mm. Kulondola koteroko sikufunikira nthawi zonse, koma kumakhala kosavuta kuwongolera.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati HBO ikuwononga ndalama

Kuphatikizika kwa propane-butane kumakhala ndi ma octane apamwamba kwambiri kuposa mafuta amtundu wamba. Chifukwa chake, imawotcha pang'onopang'ono, kutenthetsa ma valve otulutsa mpweya panthawi yotulutsa mpweya. Mipata imayamba kuchepa kwambiri kuposa momwe opanga ma mota amaganizira, potengera kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta.

Pofuna kupewa kutenthedwa msanga kwa zinganga ndi zitsulo, mipata panthawi yosintha imayikidwa. Mtengo weniweni umatengera injini, nthawi zambiri zowonjezera ndi 0,15-0,2 mm.

Zambiri ndizotheka, koma ndiye muyenera kupirira phokoso, kuchepa kwa mphamvu ndikuwonjezera kuvala pamakina ogawa gasi mukamagwira ntchito ndi katundu wochepa. Njira yabwino ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito ma injini okhala ndi ma hydraulic compensators a gasi.

Chitsanzo cha kusintha mavavu pa Vaz 2107

Vaz-2107 ali ndi injini tingachipeze powerenga ndi valavu galimoto kudzera rockers kuchokera camshaft limodzi. Mipata imawonjezeka pakapita nthawi, kapangidwe kake sikokwanira, kotero kusintha kumafunika pafupifupi makilomita 20 aliwonse.

Mutha kuchita izi nokha, luso limapangidwa mwachangu. Pazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chivundikiro chokhacho cha valve chimafunika, musayese kuchiyikanso kapena ndi chosindikizira, chivundikirocho ndi chofooka, zomangira ndizosadalirika, galimotoyo idzadzaza ndi dothi kuchokera ku mafuta othamanga.

Kwa ntchito, ndizofunikira kwambiri kugula njanji ndi chizindikiro. Zopindulitsa zimadziwika kwa iwo omwe amagwira ntchito ndi injini mwaukadaulo ndipo amatha kuzindikira kusiyana pakati pa chowongolera cholondola ndi chojambulira wamba.

Chophweka njira kusintha mavavu Vaz 2107 mu mphindi zisanu

Dongosolo la ntchito pa masilindala ndi makamera a camshaft amalembedwa panjanji yokha, ndipo amapezekanso mu buku lililonse la VAZ kapena buku lokonzekera.

1. Silinda yachinayi imayikidwa pakatikati pakufa kwa stroke, pambuyo pake mavavu 6 ndi 8 amasinthidwa. Kusiyanaku kumayesedwa ndi chizindikiro, pambuyo pake mtedza wa loko umamasulidwa ndipo chiwongola dzanja chowerengedwa chimayambitsidwa ndi bolt yosintha.
2. Komanso, ntchito mobwerezabwereza mavavu onse, kutembenuza crankshaft sequentially ndi madigiri 180, kapena adzakhala 90 pamodzi camshaft. Manambala a kamera ndi ma angles ozungulira amawonetsedwa pachoyikapo.
3. Ngati choyezera chomveka chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, chimalowetsedwa mumpata, kukanikizidwa ndi bawuti yosinthira ndi loko nati. Iwo amakwaniritsa kukakamizidwa kotero kuti anakokedwa kuchokera kusiyana ndi khama pang'ono, izo zikugwirizana ndi muyezo kusiyana 0,15 mm.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo yakuti chivundikirocho chimachotsedwa, zidzakhala zothandiza kuyang'ana kugwedezeka kwa unyolo ndi chikhalidwe cha tensioner, nsapato yake ndi chiwongolero. Ngati mukufuna kukonza chinachake kapena kumangitsa unyolo, ndiye sinthani ma valve mukamaliza njira zonse ndi unyolo.