Mini International Space Station yozungulira Mwezi
Mini International Space Station yozungulira Mwezi
Kumapeto kwa Januware 2016, bungwe lofalitsa nkhani ku Russia la RIA Novosti linafalitsa nkhani zosayembekezereka. Anatinso mabungwe aku US, Russia ndi Europe akukambirana za mgwirizano wawo wamtsogolo akamaliza pulogalamu ya International Space Station (ISS), yomwe ikuyembekezeka kuchitika chakumapeto kwa 2028.
Zinapezeka kuti mgwirizano woyambirira unafikiridwa mwamsanga kuti pambuyo pa siteshoni yaikulu ku Earth orbit, polojekiti yotsatira yolumikizana idzakhala siteshoni, yaying'ono kwambiri, koma ikusuntha maulendo chikwi - kuzungulira Mwezi.
Zotsatira za ARM ndi Constellation
Zowonadi, malingaliro osiyanasiyana oyambira mwezi - onse pamwamba, otsika, ndi okwera kwambiri - abuka m'zaka zaposachedwa pafupifupi kamodzi pazaka ziwiri zilizonse. Zinali zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera kwa ang'onoang'ono, kulola gulu la anthu awiri kapena atatu kukhala kwa miyezi ingapo, zomwe zimafuna kunyamula zonse zofunika pa moyo kuchokera ku Dziko Lapansi, kupita kumadera akuluakulu, pafupifupi mizinda yokwanira yokhala ndi anthu. zikwi zambiri. okhalamo. Anali ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana - kusowa ndalama.
Zaka khumi zapitazo, kwa kamphindi kakang'ono, ndondomeko ya ku America yobwerera ku Mwezi, wotchedwa Constellation, inkawoneka ngati ili ndi mwayi, koma nawonso adagwidwa ndi kusowa kwa chuma ndi kusafuna ndale. Mu 2013, NASA idakonza pulojekiti yotchedwa ARM (Asteroid Redirect Mission), yomwe pambuyo pake idadzatchedwa ARU (Asteroid Retrieval and, Utilization), yomwe ndi pulogalamu yofunitsitsa kubweretsa ku dziko lathu ndikuwunika mwala kuchokera pamwamba pa imodzi mwa ma asteroids. Ntchitoyi inali yoti ikhale ya masitepe ambiri.
Pachiyambi choyamba, chinayenera kutumizidwa ku imodzi mwa mapulaneti a gulu la NEO (Near-Earth Objects), i.e. pafupi ndi Earth, chombo cha ARRM (Asteroid Retrieval Robotic Mission) chokhala ndi makina apamwamba a ion propulsion system chidayenera kunyamuka pa Dziko Lapansi mu Disembala 2021 ndikukatera pamwamba pa chinthu chomwe sichinadziwike pasanathe zaka ziwiri. Mothandizidwa ndi anangula apadera, adayenera kulumikiza mwala wokhala ndi m'mimba mwake pafupifupi 4 m (kulemera kwake kudzakhala matani 20), ndiyeno kukulunga mu chivundikiro cholimba. Idzanyamuka kupita ku Dziko Lapansi koma osati kutera Padziko Lapansi pazifukwa ziwiri zofunika. Choyamba, palibe sitima yaikulu yotere yomwe imatha kunyamula chinthu cholemera chotero, ndipo chachiwiri, sindinafune kukumana ndi mlengalenga wa dziko lapansi.
Munthawi imeneyi, pulojekiti idapangidwa kuti ibweretse nsomba kumalo ena otsika kwambiri (DRO, Distant Retrograde Orbit) mu 2025. Ndilokhazikika kwambiri, lomwe silingalole kuti ligwe mofulumira ku mwezi. Katunduyo adzayesedwa m'njira ziwiri - ndi ma probe okha komanso ndi anthu omwe abweretsedwa ndi zombo za Orion, otsala okha a pulogalamu ya Constellation. Ndipo AGC, yomwe idathetsedwa mu Epulo 2017, ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pamzere wa mwezi? Zigawo ziwiri zazikulu - chinthu chimodzi, ndiko kuti, injini ya ion, ndi imodzi yosaoneka, GCI orbit.
Kodi orbit, maroketi otani?
Opanga zisankho adakumana ndi funso lofunikira: Kodi siteshoniyo iyenera kutsatira njira yanji, yotchedwa DSG (Deep Space Gateway). Ngati anthu angapite pamwamba pa Mwezi m'tsogolomu, zikanakhala zoonekeratu kuti asankhe kanjira kakang'ono, pafupifupi makilomita zana, koma ngati siteshoniyo inalinso yoyimitsa panjira yopita kudziko lapansi-Moon. dongosolo la mfundo kapena ma asteroids, amayenera kuyikidwa mumzere wozungulira kwambiri, womwe ungapereke phindu lalikulu lamphamvu.
Chotsatira chake, njira yachiwiri inasankhidwa, yomwe inathandizidwa ndi zolinga zambiri zomwe zingatheke motere. Komabe, iyi sinali kalozera wakale wa DRO, koma NRHO (Near Rectilinear Halo Orbit) - njira yotseguka, yokhazikika yodutsa pafupi ndi malo osiyanasiyana amphamvu yokoka ya Dziko Lapansi ndi Mwezi. Nkhani ina yofunika kwambiri ikadakhala kusankha galimoto yotsegulira, pakadapanda chifukwa kunalibe panthawiyo. Munthawi imeneyi, kubetcha pa SLS (Space Launch System), roketi yapamwamba yomwe idapangidwa motsogozedwa ndi NASA kuti ifufuze zakuzama kwa dzuŵa, zinali zoonekeratu, popeza tsiku loyimitsidwa la mtundu wake wosavuta linali lapafupi - ndiye. idakhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa 2018.
Zachidziwikire, panali maroketi ena awiri omwe adasungidwa - Falcon Heavy ochokera ku SpaceX ndi New Glenn-3S ochokera ku Blue Origin, koma anali ndi zopinga ziwiri - kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kuti panthawiyo analiponso pamapepala (panopa Falcon). Zolemera pambuyo pochita bwino, kukhazikitsidwa kwa roketi ya New Glenn kukukonzekera 2021). Ngakhale miyala ikuluikulu yotereyi, yomwe imatha kubweretsa matani 65 amalipilo kumalo otsika a Earth orbit, imatha kubweretsa matani 10 okha kudera la Mwezi. kukhala modular kapangidwe. Mu Baibulo lapachiyambi, izo ankaganiza kuti ma modules asanu - galimoto ndi magetsi, awiri zogona, chipata ndi mayendedwe, amene pambuyo potsitsa adzakhala ngati labotale.
Popeza anthu ena a ISS adawonetsanso chidwi chachikulu ku DRG, i.e. Japan ndi Canada, zidawonekeratu kuti chowongoleracho chidzaperekedwa ndi Canada, yomwe imapanga maloboti amlengalenga, ndipo Japan idapereka malo otsekeka. Kuphatikiza apo, Russia idati pambuyo pa kutumizidwa kwa ndege zapamlengalenga za Federation, zina zitha kutumizidwa ku siteshoni yatsopano. Lingaliro la wokwera pang'ono wopanda munthu, wokhoza kupulumutsa kuchokera pamwamba pa Silver Globe kuchokera pa makumi angapo mpaka makumi angapo a ma kilogalamu a zitsanzo, adalonjezedwa pamodzi ndi ESA, CSA ndi JAXA. Mapulani a nthawi yayitali anali kuwonjezera malo ena, akuluakulu kumapeto kwa zaka za XNUMX, ndipo patapita nthawi pang'ono, siteji yoyendetsa galimoto yomwe ingathe kutsogolera zovutazo panjira yopita ku zolinga zina.
