McFREMM - Achimerika adzakhazikitsa pulogalamu ya FFG (X).

Kuwona kwa FFG(X) kutengera kapangidwe ka frigate yaku Italy FREMM. Kusiyanaku kumawoneka bwino ndipo makamaka kumakhudzana ndi mawonekedwe amitu yapamwamba yapamwamba, pomwe tinyanga zitatu za station AN / SPY-6 (V) 3 zimayikidwa, mlongoti watsopano, wofanana ndi kapangidwe kodziwika kuchokera ku Arleigh Burke. zida zowononga, rocket ndi zida zankhondo, zidayikidwa.

Pa Epulo 30, Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo ku United States inamaliza mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wosankha bizinesi ya mafakitale yomwe idzapanga ndi kumanga mbadwo watsopano wa frigates ya missile, yotchedwa FFG (X), ya US Navy. Pulogalamuyi, mpaka pano yaphimbidwa ndi kupangidwa kochuluka kwa zida zowononga zida za Arleigh Burke, ikuchitika mwanjira yosagwirizana ndi America. Chisankho chokhacho ndi chodabwitsa, popeza maziko a mapangidwe a tsogolo la FFG (X) adzakhala Baibulo la Italy la European multi-purpose frigate FREMM.

Chigamulo cha FFG (X), chomwe chikuyembekezeka mu theka loyamba la chaka chino, ndi zotsatira za pulogalamu yowonetsera - pazochitika zamakono. Mphatso ya ntchito yomanga pa frigate ya m'badwo watsopano idalengezedwa ndi Unduna wa Zachitetezo pa Novembara 7, 2017, ndipo pa February 16, 2018, mapangano adasainidwa ndi ofunsira asanu. Aliyense wa iwo analandira pazipita $ 21,4 miliyoni kukonzekera zolembedwa zofunika mpaka kasitomala kupanga kusankha komaliza nsanja. Chifukwa cha zosowa zogwirira ntchito, komanso ndalama, aku America adasiya chitukuko cha kukhazikitsa kwatsopano. Ophunzira adayenera kuyika malingaliro awo pazomanga zomwe zidalipo kale.

Mapangidwe ena a Old Continent pampikisano wa nsanja ya FFG (X) anali frigate waku Spain Álvaro de Bazán, woperekedwa ndi General Dynamics Bath Iron Works. Pachifukwa ichi, zida zofanana zinagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zinali zotsatira za dongosolo lankhondo loperekedwa ndi kasitomala.

Mndandanda wa omwe akupikisana nawo uli ndi magulu awa:

• • Austal USA (mtsogoleri, shipyard), General Dynamics (combat systems integrator, design agent), nsanja - pulojekiti yosinthidwa ya ngalawa yamitundu yambiri yamtundu wa LCS Independence;
  • Fincantieri Marinette Marine (mtsogoleri, bwalo la zombo), Gibbs & Cox (wopanga mapangidwe), Lockheed Martin (cobat systems integrator), nsanja - FREMM-mtundu wa frigate wosinthidwa ndi zofunikira za America;
  • General Dynamics Bath Iron Works (mtsogoleri, bwalo la zombo), Raytheon (wophatikiza makina olimbana nawo), Navantia (wopereka pulojekiti), nsanja - Álvaro de Bazán-kalasi ya frigate yosinthidwa ndi zofunikira zaku America;
  • Huntington Ingalls Industries (mtsogoleri, bwalo la zombo), nsanja - yosinthidwa sitima yayikulu yolondera Legend;
  • Lockheed Martin (mtsogoleri), Gibbs & Cox (wopanga mapulani), Marinette Marine (bwalo la ngalawa), nsanja - yosinthidwa Freedom-class LCS multi-purpose ship.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, mu 2018, mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito German thyssenkrupp Marine Systems ngati nsanja ya projekiti ya MEKO A200, komanso British BAE Systems Type 26 (yomwe pakadali pano idalandira maoda ku UK, Canada ndi Australia) ndi Iver Huitfield Odense. Maritime Technology mothandizidwa ndi boma la Denmark idaganiziridwa.

Mpikisano mu pulogalamu ya FFG(X) idapanga zinthu zosangalatsa. Othandizira pulogalamu ya LCS (Lockheed Martin ndi Fincantieri Marinette Marine) omwe amamanga Ufulu ndi mtundu wake wotumizira kunja kwa Multi-Mission Surface Combatant ya Saudi Arabia (yomwe tsopano imadziwika kuti Saud class) idayima mbali zotchinga. Ndizotheka kuti izi - osati zopindulitsa kwa kasitomala - ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zidapangitsa kuti gulu la Lockheed Martin lichotsedwe pampikisano, womwe udalengezedwa pa Meyi 28, 2019. Mwachidziwitso, chifukwa cha sitepe iyi chinali kufufuza zofunikira za Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo, zomwe zingathe kukumana ndi zombo zazikulu za zombo za Ufulu. Ngakhale izi, Lockheed Martin sanataye udindo wake monga sub-supplier mu pulogalamu ya FFG (X), monga adasankhidwa ndi US Navy monga wogulitsa zigawo kapena machitidwe omwe ayenera kuperekedwa ndi mayunitsi atsopano.

Pamapeto pake, ndi chigamulo cha Unduna wa Zachitetezo pa Epulo 30, 2020, kupambana kudaperekedwa kwa Fincantieri Marinette Marine. Malo ochitira zombo ku Marinette, Wisconsin, othandizira a Manitowoc Marine Group, adagulidwa kuchokera pamenepo ndi wopanga zombo zaku Italy Fincantieri mu 2009. Idasaina mgwirizano woyambira $795,1 miliyoni mu Epulo kuti apange ndi kumanga frigate yachitsanzo, FFG(X). Kuphatikiza apo, imaphatikizapo zosankha zamagulu ena asanu ndi anayi, kugwiritsa ntchito komwe kudzakulitsa mtengo wa mgwirizano mpaka $ 5,5 biliyoni. Ntchito zonse, kuphatikiza zosankha, ziyenera kumalizidwa pofika Meyi 2035. Kupanga sitima yoyamba kuyenera kuyamba mu Epulo 2022, ndipo ntchito yake ikukonzekera Epulo 2026.

Ngakhale m'modzi wa iwo adzapindula pomwe makampani akunja adzaloledwa kutenga nawo gawo, chigamulo cha Dipatimenti Yoteteza Chitetezo chidakhala chosayembekezereka. M'mbiri ya US Navy, pali zochitika zochepa zogwiritsira ntchito zombo zomwe zinapangidwa m'mayiko ena, koma ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti ichi ndi chitsanzo china cha mgwirizano wapanyanja wa US-Italy posachedwa. Mu 1991-1995, pamafakitale a Litton Avondale Industries ku New Orleans ndi Intermarine USA ku Savannah, owononga migodi 12 a Osprey adamangidwa molingana ndi projekiti ya mayunitsi aku Italy amtundu wa Lerici, wopangidwa ndi malo ochitira zombo zapamadzi ku Sarzana pafupi ndi La Spezia. . Iwo anatumikira mpaka 2007, ndiye theka la iwo anatayidwa, ndipo anagulitsidwa awiriawiri ku Greece, Egypt ndi Republic of China.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti palibe mabungwe omwe adataya omwe adasankha kukadandaula ku US Government Accountability Office (GAO). Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali kuthekera kwakukulu kuti ndondomeko yomanga yachitsanzo idzakwaniritsidwe. Malinga ndi zomwe anthu ogwirizana ndi Mlembi wa Navy (SECNAV) Richard W. Spencer, adachotsedwa pa November 24, 2019, chitsanzo cha unit chiyenera kutchedwa USS Agility ndi kukhala ndi tactical number FFG 80. Komabe, tiyenera kuyembekezera. kuti mudziwe zambiri pankhaniyi.

Ma frigates atsopano a US Navy

Lamulo la mtundu watsopano wa zombo zoperekeza kuchokera ku US Navy ndi zotsatira za kusanthula komwe kunasonyeza kuti kuyesera ndi zombo zambiri zosinthika zosinthika LCS (Littoral Combat Ships) sizinali zopambana makamaka. Pamapeto pake, malinga ndi chigamulo cha Unduna wa Zachitetezo, ntchito yomanga idzamalizidwa pamagulu 32 (16 mwa mitundu yonse iwiri), pomwe 28 okha ndi omwe akugwira ntchito. , Independence, Fort Worth ndi Coronado , "otsika" ku gawo la mayunitsi omwe akugwira nawo kafukufuku ndi chitukuko) ndikuwapereka kwa ogwirizana nawo, mwachitsanzo, kupyolera mu ndondomeko ya zolemba zowonjezera chitetezo (EDA).

Chifukwa cha izi chinali zomwe zapezedwa, zomwe zinanena momveka bwino kuti LCS silingathe kudziyimira pawokha mishoni zomenyera nkhondo pakakhala mkangano waukulu (woyembekezereka, mwachitsanzo, ku Far East), komanso kuchuluka kwamphamvu. a Arleigh-Burke-class owononga adafunikirabe kuwonjezeredwa. Monga gawo la pulogalamu ya FFG (X), gulu lankhondo la US Navy likukonzekera kupeza ma frigate 20 amtundu watsopano. Zoyamba ziwirizi zidzagulidwa kudzera mu bajeti ya FY2020-2021, ndipo kuyambira 2022, ndondomeko yopezera ndalama iyenera kuloleza kumanga mayunitsi angapo pachaka. Malinga ndi pulani yoyambirira, yomwe idapangidwa pamwambo wosindikiza bajeti ya 2019, koyambirira akuyenera kuperekedwa (mosinthana) kumadera akum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa United States. Kuphatikiza apo, osachepera awiri aiwo ayenera kuchitikira ku Japan.

Ntchito yayikulu ya FFG (X) ndikuchita ntchito zodziyimira pawokha m'madzi am'nyanja ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komanso zochita m'magulu amitundu ndi ogwirizana. Pachifukwa ichi, ntchito zawo zikuphatikizapo: kuteteza convoys, kulimbana ndi mipherezero pamwamba ndi pansi pa madzi, ndipo potsiriza, kuthetsa ziwopsezo asymmetric.

Frigates ayenera kutsekereza kusiyana pakati pa ma LCS ang'onoang'ono ndi ochepa komanso owononga. Iwo adzatenga malo awo mu dongosolo zombo pambuyo mayunitsi otsiriza a kalasi iyi - Oliver Hazard Perry kalasi, amene anamaliza ntchito yawo mu US Navy mu 2015. Tiyenera kugogomezera kuti ndondomeko ya ndondomekoyi ikuphatikizapo dongosolo la mayunitsi 20, koma chaka chino lagawidwa mu magawo awiri a 10. Mwinamwake izi zikutanthauza kuti m'zaka zikubwerazi Unduna wa Zachitetezo udzalengeza zachidziwitso chachiwiri chosankha wogulitsa wina. frigates otsala a pulojekiti yatsopano kapena kontrakitala wina wa zombo zopita kumalo oyambira a Fincantieri/Gibbs & Cox.

FREMM zambiri zaku America

Chisankho cha Epulo chinabweretsa funso lofunikira - kodi ma frigates a FFG (X) adzawoneka bwanji? Chifukwa cha ndondomeko yotseguka ya akuluakulu a ku America, kufalitsa mwadongosolo malipoti okhudza ndondomeko zamakono zamagulu ankhondo, zambiri zadziwika kale kwa anthu. Pankhani ya magawo omwe afotokozedwa, chikalata chofunikira ndi lipoti la US Congress la Meyi 4, 2020.

Ma frigates a FFG(X) adzakhazikitsidwa ndi mayankho omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mtundu waku Italy wa kalasi ya FREMM. Adzakhala ndi kutalika kwa 151,18 m, m'lifupi mwake mamita 20 ndi kujambula kwa 7,31 mamita. Izi zikutanthauza kuti adzakhala aakulu kuposa ma protoplasts, omwe amatalika mamita 7400 ndi kuchotsa matani 4100 144,6. Zithunzi zimasonyezanso kusakhalapo kwa babu wophimba mlongoti wa sonar. Mwina chifukwa makina akuluakulu a sonar adzakokedwa. Zomangamanga za zowonjezera zidzakhalanso zosiyana, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana, makamaka malo akuluakulu a radar.

Dongosolo loyendetsa mayunitsi lidzakonzedwa ndi makina oyatsira mkati a CODLAG (ophatikiza dizilo-magetsi ndi gasi), zomwe zidzalola kuthamanga kwambiri kuposa ma mfundo 26 pamene turbine ya gasi ndi ma motors onse amagetsi amayatsidwa. Pankhani yogwiritsira ntchito njira yachuma pamagetsi amagetsi, iyenera kukhala yoposa mfundo za 16. Ubwino wa njira ya CODLAG ndi phokoso lochepa lomwe limapangidwa poyendetsa magalimoto amagetsi, zomwe zidzakhala zofunikira pofufuza ndi kumenyana ndi sitima zapamadzi. . Maulendo apanyanja pa liwiro lazachuma la 16 knots adatsimikiziridwa pa 6000 nautical miles popanda kuwonjezera mafuta panyanja.