Mafuta a injini za dizilo

Mafuta a injini za dizilo amasiyana ndi madzi ofanana a mayunitsi a petulo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa ntchito yawo, komanso momwe mafuta amagwirira ntchito. ndicho, dizilo mkati kuyaka injini ntchito pa kutentha otsika, amagwiritsa Taphunzira mafuta-mpweya osakaniza, ndi njira zosakaniza mapangidwe ndi kuyaka kumachitika mofulumira. Choncho, mafuta a dizilo ayenera kukhala ndi makhalidwe ndi katundu, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.

Momwe mungasankhire mafuta a injini ya dizilo

Musanapitirire ku mawonekedwe a mafuta, ndi bwino kuganizira mwachidule zomwe zimakakamizika kugwira ntchito. Choyamba, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mafuta a dizilo ICE sawotcha kwathunthu, kusiya kuchuluka kwa mwaye chifukwa cha kuyaka. Ndipo ngati mafuta a dizilo ndi abwino kwambiri ndipo ali ndi sulfure yambiri, ndiye kuti zinthu zoyaka moto zimakhala ndi zotsatira zowononga kwambiri pa mafuta.

Popeza kuthamanga kwa injini ya dizilo ndikokwera kwambiri, mipweya ya crankcase imapangidwanso mochulukirapo, ndipo mpweya wabwino sumatha nthawi zonse. Ichi ndi chifukwa chachindunji kuti injini ya dizilo mafuta amakalamba mofulumira kwambiri, amataya zoteteza ndi detergent katundu, komanso oxidize.

Pali magawo angapo omwe woyendetsa galimoto ayenera kuganizira posankha lubricant. N'zotheka kusiyanitsa atatu zazikulu makhalidwe a injini mafuta:

• khalidwe - zofunikira zalembedwa m'magulu a API / ACEA / ILSAC;
• mamasukidwe akayendedwe - ofanana ndi muyezo SAE;
• maziko a mafuta ndi mchere, kupanga kapena semisynthetic.

Chidziwitso choyenera chikuwonetsedwa pamapaketi amafuta. Komabe, panthawi imodzimodziyo, mwiniwake wa galimoto ayenera kudziwa zofunikira zomwe automaker imapanga kuti asankhe madzi okhala ndi magawo oyenera.

Makhalidwe a injini ya dizilo mafuta

ndiye tidzayang'anitsitsa pazigawo zomwe zalembedwa kuti wokonda galimoto azitsogoleredwa ndi iwo pogula ndikusankha mafuta omwe ali oyenera kwambiri pa injini yoyaka mkati mwa galimoto.

Mafuta abwino

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, zimayikidwa ndi API, ACEA ndi ILSAC. Ponena za muyezo woyamba, zizindikiro "C" ndi "S" - zizindikiro zimene injini kuyaka mkati lubricant anafuna. Choncho, kalata "C" zikutanthauza kuti lakonzedwa injini dizilo. Ndipo ngati "S" - ndiye mafuta. Palinso mtundu waponseponse wamafuta, wowonetsedwa ndi certification monga S / C. Mwachibadwa, m'nkhani ya nkhaniyi, tidzakhala ndi chidwi ndi mafuta amtundu woyamba.

Kuphatikiza pa kuwonetsa mtundu wa injini yoyaka mkati, palinso tsatanetsatane wa cholembacho. Kwa injini za dizilo zikuwoneka motere:

• zilembo CC zimasonyeza osati "dizilo" cholinga cha mafuta, komanso kuti injini ayenera kukhala mumlengalenga, kapena ndi mphamvu zolimbitsa;
• CD kapena CE ndi mafuta owonjezera a dizilo opangidwa kale ndi pambuyo pa 1983, motsatana;
• CF-4 - yopangidwira 4-stroke injini yotulutsidwa pambuyo pa 1990;
• CG-4 - mafuta m'badwo watsopano, kwa mayunitsi chopangidwa pambuyo 1994;
• CD-11 kapena CF-2 - yopangidwira ma injini a dizilo a 2-stroke.

Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kuzindikira mafuta "dizilo" molingana ndi mafotokozedwe a ACEA:

• B1-96 - yopangidwira mayunitsi opanda turbocharging;
• B2-96 ndi B3-96 - yopangidwira mayunitsi agalimoto kapena opanda turbocharging;
• E1-96, E2-96 ndi E3-96 ndi zamagalimoto okhala ndi ma injini apamwamba kwambiri.

Kukhuthala kwamafuta

Kumasuka kwa kupopera mafuta kudzera m'makina ndi zinthu zadongosolo mwachindunji kumadalira mtengo wa viscosity. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhuthala kwamafuta kumakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa momwe amaperekera kwa otikita omwe akugwira ntchito mu injini yoyaka moto, kugwiritsa ntchito batire, komanso kukana kwamakina kwa crankshaft poyambira poyambira m'malo ozizira. Choncho, kwa injini dizilo mafuta ndi kukhuthala index 5W (mpaka -25 ° C), 10W (mpaka -20 ° C), nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito 15W (mpaka -15 ° C). Chifukwa chake, chiwerengero chocheperako chisanachitike chilembo W, mafutawo amakhala ochepa.

Mafuta opulumutsa mphamvu amakhala ndi kukhuthala kochepa. Amapanga filimu yaing'ono yotetezera pamtunda wachitsulo, koma nthawi yomweyo amapulumutsa mphamvu ndi mafuta kuti apange. Komabe, mafuta awa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kokha ndi ma ICE enieni (ayenera kukhala ndi njira zochepetsera mafuta).

Posankha mafuta amodzi kapena ena, nthawi zonse muyenera kuganizira mawonekedwe achigawo omwe makinawo amagwira ntchito. kutanthauza, kutentha kochepa m'nyengo yozizira komanso kutentha kwambiri m'chilimwe. Ngati kusiyana kumeneku kuli kwakukulu, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kugula mafuta awiri padera - nthawi yachisanu ndi chilimwe, ndikusintha nyengo. Ngati kusiyana kwa kutentha kuli kochepa, ndiye kuti mungagwiritse ntchito "nyengo yonse".

Kwa injini za dizilo, nyengo yanyengo yonse si yotchuka ngati ya injini zamafuta. Chifukwa cha izi ndikuti m'madera ambiri m'dziko lathu kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu.

Ngati injini kuyaka mkati ali ndi mavuto ndi yamphamvu-pistoni gulu, psinjika, komanso samayamba bwino "ozizira", ndi bwino kugula dizilo injini mafuta ndi kukhuthala otsika.

Maziko a injini mafuta dizilo

Komanso ndi mwambo kugawa mafuta mu mitundu malinga ndi maziko awo. Mitundu itatu yamafuta imadziwika masiku ano, yotsika mtengo kwambiri ndi mafuta amchere. Koma sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, kupatula mwina ma ICE akale, popeza opangidwa kapena opangidwa ndi theka amakhala ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika.

Komabe, zinthu zazikuluzikulu ndikungotsatira zomwe zalengezedwa ndi wopanga mafuta ndi zomwe zimafunikira ndi automaker, komanso mafuta chiyambi. Chinthu chachiwiri ndi chofunika kwambiri kuposa choyamba, chifukwa ogulitsa magalimoto ambiri panopa amagulitsa zabodza zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe zalengezedwa.

Kodi mafuta abwino kwambiri opangira turbodiesel ndi ati

Kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka injini ya dizilo ya turbocharged ndi yosiyana ndi momwe zimakhalira nthawi zonse. Choyamba, izi zimasonyezedwa mu liwiro lalikulu la makina opangira makina opangira magetsi (kuposa 100 ndipo ngakhale 200 zikwi zosintha pa mphindi), chifukwa chomwe kutentha kwa injini yoyaka mkati kumawonjezeka kwambiri (kutha kupitirira + 270 ° C) , ndi kuchuluka kwake. Chifukwa chake, mafuta a injini ya dizilo yokhala ndi turbine ayenera kukhala ndi zoteteza komanso zogwira ntchito kwambiri.

Malingaliro osankha mtundu umodzi kapena wina wamafuta a injini ya dizilo ya turbocharged amakhalabe ofanana ndi wamba. Chinthu chachikulu mu nkhani iyi ndi kutsatira malangizo a wopanga. Pali lingaliro lina kuti turbocharged injini dizilo mafuta ayenera kupanga opangidwa. Komabe, zenizeni sizili choncho.

Zoonadi, "synthetics" ingakhale yankho labwino, koma ndizotheka kudzaza "semi-synthetics" komanso "madzi amchere", koma njira yotsirizayo singakhale yabwino kwambiri. Ngakhale mtengo wake ndi wochepa, chifukwa cha momwe ntchito ikugwiritsidwira ntchito, idzafunika kusinthidwa nthawi zambiri, zomwe zidzawononge zinyalala zowonjezera, ndipo zidzakhala zoipa kwambiri kuteteza injini yoyaka mkati.

Tiyeni titchule zambiri za mafuta a turbodiesel omwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi opanga otchuka. Chifukwa chake, pamainjini a dizilo a turbocharged opangidwa pambuyo pa 2004 ndikukhala ndi zosefera, malinga ndi muyezo wa ACEA, akuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito:

DELO mafuta a injini ya dizilo

• Mitsubishi ndi Mazda amalimbikitsa mafuta a B1;
• Toyota (Lexus), Honda (Acura), Fiat, Citroen, Peugeot - B2 mafuta;
• Renault-Nissan - B3 ndi B4 mafuta.

Ena opanga ma automaker amalimbikitsa zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Kampani ya Ford ya injini za dizilo ya Turbo yomwe idapangidwa mu 2004 ndipo kenako ndi fyuluta ya tinthu imalimbikitsa mafuta amtundu wa M2C913C.
• Volkswagen (komanso Skoda ndi Mpando, amene ali mbali ya nkhawa) ngakhale amasankha mtundu wa VW 507 00 Castrol injini mafuta kwa turbodiesel injini za nkhawa zake, amene anapangidwa pamaso 2004 ndi fyuluta particulate.
• Mu magalimoto opangidwa ndi General Motors Corporation (Opel, Chevrolet ndi ena), turbocharged injini dizilo pambuyo 2004 ndi tinthu fyuluta tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito Dexos 2 mafuta.
• Kwa ma BMW a turbodiesel opangidwa 2004 isanakwane ndipo ali ndi fyuluta ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mafuta ofunikira ndi BMW Longlife-04.

Payokha, m'pofunika kutchula injini TDI anaika pa Audi. Ali ndi zilolezo zotsatirazi:

• injini mpaka 2000 kumasulidwa - index VW505.01;
• magalimoto 2000-2003 - 506.01;
• mayunitsi pambuyo pa 2004 ali ndi index yamafuta ya 507.00.

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti injini ya dizilo ya turbocharged iyenera kudzazidwa ndi mafuta apamwamba kwambiri omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe wopanga amapanga. Izi ndichifukwa cha momwe magwiridwe antchito amagwirira ntchito pamwambapa. Kuphatikiza apo, kumbukirani kuti galimoto ya turbocharged imafunika kuyenda nthawi ndi nthawi yokhala ndi katundu wabwino, kotero kuti turbine ndi mafuta omwe ali mmenemo "osasunthika". Choncho, musaiwale kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta "olondola" okha, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito makina molondola.

Mafuta amtundu wa injini zoyatsira mkati za dizilo

Opanga magalimoto odziwika padziko lonse lapansi amalimbikitsa mwachindunji kuti ogula agwiritse ntchito mafuta amtundu wina (nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi iwo). Mwachitsanzo:

Mafuta otchuka ZIC XQ 5000

• Hyundai/Kia imalimbikitsa mafuta a ZIC (XQ LS).
• Ford ya ICE Zetec imapereka mafuta a M2C 913.
• Mu ICE Opel mpaka 2000, ACEA idalola mafuta a A3 / B3. Ma motors pambuyo pa 2000 amatha kuyenda pamafuta ovomerezeka GM-LL-B-025.
• BMW imalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ovomerezeka a Castrol kapena mafuta kuchokera ku mtundu wawo wa BMW Longlife. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa injini zoyatsira mkati, zomwe zimakhala ndi makina osinthira nthawi.
• Mercedes-Benz nkhawa injini dizilo pambuyo 2004, okonzeka ndi tinthu fyuluta, amapereka mafuta pansi mtundu wake ndi index 229.31 ndi 229.51. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zololera zamafuta a injini ya dizilo ndi index yochokera 504.00 mpaka 507. M'magalimoto a dizilo, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta olembedwa CF-00.

kupitilira apo timapereka chidziwitso chothandiza ndikuwunika kwamafuta otchuka a injini za dizilo. Polemba chiwerengerocho, maganizo a akatswiri omwe akuchita kafukufuku woyenerera adaganiziridwa. i.e. kwa mafuta zizindikiro zotsatirazi ndi zofunika:

• kukhalapo kwa zowonjezera zapadera;
• kuchepetsedwa kwa phosphorous, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuyanjana kwamadzi ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya;
• chitetezo chabwino ku njira dzimbiri;
• low hygroscopicity (mafuta satenga chinyezi kuchokera mumlengalenga).

Posankha mtundu wina, onetsetsani kuti mumaganizira zofunikira za automaker ya galimoto yanu.

Pangani	mafotokozedwe	Kusasamala	API/KUTI	mtengo
ZIC XQ 5000 10W-40	Chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri komanso zodziwika bwino zamafuta a dizilo. Zapangidwa ku South Korea. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma ICE okhala ndi turbine. Yapangidwira Mercedes-Benz, MAN, Volvo, Scania, Renault, MACK	Zamgululi 10W-40	API CI-4; ACEA E6/E4. Ali ndi zovomerezeka zotsatirazi: MB 228.5/228.51, MAN M 3477/3277 Kuchepetsa Phulusa, MTU Mtundu 3, VOLVO VDS-3, SCANIA LDF-2, Cummins 20076/77/72/71, Renault VI RXD, Mack EO-M+	$22 pa chitini cha malita 6.
LIQUI MOLY 5W-30 TopTech-4600	Mafuta otchuka komanso otsika mtengo ochokera kwa wopanga odziwika ku Germany.	Zamgululi 5W-30	ACEA C3; API SN/CF; MB-Freigabe 229.51; BMW Longlife 04; VW 502.00/505.00; Ford WSS-M2C 917 A; Dexos 2.	$110 pa chitini cha malita 20.
ADDINOL Dizilo Longlife MD 1548 (SAE 15W-40)	Ndiwa m'gulu lamafuta opangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito ndi ma ICE odzaza kwambiri (Mafuta Oyimba Olemera). Choncho, angagwiritsidwe ntchito osati magalimoto okwera, komanso magalimoto.	Zamgululi 15W-40	CI-4, CF-4, CG-4, CH-4, CI-4 PLUS, SL; A3/B3, E3, E5, E7. Zovomerezeka: MB 228.3, MB 229.1, Volvo VDS-3, Renault RLD-2, Global DHD-1, MACK EO-N, Allison C-4, VW 501 01, VW 505 00, ZF TE-ML 07C, Caterpillar ECF - 2, Caterpillar ECF-1-a, Deutz DQC III-10, MAN 3275-1	$125 pa chitini cha malita 20.
Mobil Delvac MX 15W-40	Mafuta aku Belgian awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto ndi magalimoto ku Europe. Zimasiyana mumtundu wapamwamba.	Zamgululi 15W-40	API CI-4/CH-4/SL/SJ; ACEA E7; MB Chivomerezo 228.3; Volvo VDS-3; MUNTHU M3275-1; Renault Trucks RLD-2 ndi ena	$37 pa chitini cha malita 4.
CHEVRON Delo 400 MGX 15W-40	Mafuta aku America amagalimoto a dizilo ndi magalimoto (Komatsu, Man, Chrysler, Volvo, Mitsubishi). Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini zoyatsira zamkati za turbocharged.	Zamgululi 15W-40	API: CI-4, CH-4, CG-4, CF-4; ACEA: E4, E7. Zovomerezeka za opanga: MB 228.51, Deutz DQC III-05, Renault RLD-2, Renault VI RXD, Volvo VDS-3, MACK EO-M Plus, Volvo VDS-2.	$15 pa chitini cha malita 3,8.
Castrol Magnatec Professional 5w30	Mafuta otchuka kwambiri. Komabe, ili ndi mawonekedwe otsika a kinetic.	Zamgululi 5W-30	ACEA A5/B5; API CF/SN; ILSAC GF4; Kukumana ndi Ford WSS-M2C913-C/WSS-M2C913-D.	$44 pa chitini cha malita 4.

Mtengo wapakati umawonetsedwa ngati mitengo yachilimwe cha 2017 ku Moscow ndi dera

Mtengo wa mafuta a dizilo umatengera zinthu zinayi - mtundu wa maziko ake (synthetic, semi-synthetic, mineral), voliyumu ya chidebe momwe madzi amagulitsidwa, mawonekedwe malinga ndi miyezo ya SAE / API / ACEA ndi ena, komanso mtundu wa wopanga. Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mugule mafuta kuchokera pamtengo wapakati.

Kusiyana pakati pa dizilo ndi mafuta a injini ya mafuta

Zimayambitsa kuwononga mafuta

Monga mukudziwira, injini zoyatsira dizilo zamkati zimatengera mfundo yoyatsira, osati kuchokera ku spark (monga mafuta). Ma motors oterowo amakoka mpweya, womwe umapanikizidwa mkati mwamlingo wina. Kusakaniza kumayaka mu injini za dizilo mofulumira kwambiri kuposa injini ya petulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuonetsetsa kuti mafuta akugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mapangidwe amtundu wambiri pamagulu.

Poganizira izi, komanso chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwakukulu mkati mwa chipindacho, mafuta amataya msanga katundu wake woyambirira, oxidizes ndipo amakhala osagwira ntchito. Izi ndi zoona makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta a dizilo otsika kwambiri, omwe ndi ochuluka kwambiri m'dziko lathu. Zogwirizana ndi izi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mafuta a dizilo kuchokera ku ma analogue a injini zamafuta - imakhala ndi antioxidant yamphamvu komanso yopatsa mafuta.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa ukalamba wamafuta ndikwambiri kwa injini zoyaka moto za dizilo mkati, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amafunikira chisamaliro chosamala.

Zotsatira

Mafuta a injini zoyatsira mkati za dizilo amakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito komanso magwiridwe antchito kuposa mayunitsi amafuta. Posankha, muyenera kuyang'anira kutsatiridwa kwa magawo amafuta Zofunikira za wopanga. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito pama injini wamba a dizilo komanso mayunitsi a turbocharged.

Chenjerani ndi zabodza. Gulani m'masitolo odalirika.

yesaninso kuthira mafuta pamalo opangira mafuta omwe atsimikiziridwa. Ngati mafuta a dizilo ali ndi sulfure wambiri, ndiye kuti mafutawo amalephera kale kwambiri. ndicho chotchedwa nambala yoyambira (TBN). Tsoka ilo, kumayiko a pambuyo pa Soviet pali vuto pamene mafuta otsika amagulitsidwa pamagalasi. Choncho, yesani kudzaza mafuta ndi TBN = 9 ... 12, kawirikawiri mtengo uwu umasonyezedwa pafupi ndi muyezo wa ACEA.