Lockheed R-3 Orion Gawo 1

Kuthawa kwa prototype YP-3V-1 kunachitika pa Novembara 25, 1959 pabwalo la ndege la chomera cha Lockheed ku Burbank, California.

Pakati pa Meyi 2020, VP-40 Fighting Marlins idakhala gulu lomaliza lankhondo la US Navy loyang'anira gulu lankhondo la P-3C Orions. VP-40 idamalizanso kukonza Boeing P-8A Poseidon. P-3Cs akadali muutumiki ndi magulu awiri achitetezo, gulu lophunzitsira, ndi magulu awiri oyesera a US Navy. Ma P-3C omaliza akuyenera kusiya ntchito mu 2023. Zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake, ndege ya EP-3E ARIES II yowunikiranso zamagetsi yochokera ku P-3C idzathetsanso ntchito yawo. Choncho chimatha ntchito bwino kwambiri P-3 Orion, amene anatengedwa ndi US Navy mu 1962.

Mu Ogasiti 1957, US Naval Operations Command (US Navy) idapereka zomwe zimatchedwa. mafotokozedwe amtundu wa ndege, No. 146. Mafotokozedwe No. 146 anali ndege zatsopano zolondera zam'madzi zam'madzi zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawiyo Lockheed P2V-5 Neptune ndege zolondera ndi Martin P5M-2S Marlin zowulukira mabwato. Mapangidwe atsopanowa amayenera kupereka ndalama zambiri zolipirira, malo ochulukirapo achitetezo cha anti-submarine Defense (ASD), komanso malo ochulukirapo owongolera zida zapaboti, kuchuluka kwakukulu, malo ochitirapo kanthu komanso nthawi yayitali yowuluka poyerekeza ndi P2V- . 5 . Otsatsawo anali Lockheed, Consolidated ndi Martin, onse atatu omwe ali ndi luso lopanga ndege zoyendera panyanja. Kumayambiriro, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kosakwanira, pempho la French Breguet Br.1150 Atlantique (lomwe linaperekedwanso kwa mamembala a European NATO monga wolowa m'malo mwa ndege ya Neptune) linachotsedwa. Zinali zoonekeratu kuti gulu lankhondo la US Navy likuyang'ana mapangidwe okulirapo, makamaka a injini zinayi.

R-3A wa gulu la VP-47 amawotcha miyala ya 127-mm "Zuni" kuchokera kwa oyambitsa apansi okhala ndi mipiringidzo yambiri.

Lockheed ndiye adakonza mapangidwe omwe anali kusinthidwa kwa ndege ya injini zinayi, yokhala ndi mipando 85 ya L-188A Electra. Mothandizidwa ndi injini zotsimikiziridwa za Allison T56-A-10W turboprop (mphamvu yochuluka 3356 kW, 4500 hp), Elektra inkadziwika ndi kuthamanga kwapamwamba pamtunda wautali mbali imodzi, ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri othawirako maulendo otsika komanso otsika kumbali inayo. . dzanja lina. Zonsezi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta pang'ono, kupereka zosiyanasiyana zokwanira. Ndegeyo inali ndi zida za injini zooneka ngati mapiko zokhala ndi tinjira tating'ono ta utsi. Kapangidwe kameneka kanapangitsa kuti injini ya injiniyo itope kutulutsa mphamvu zowonjezera zisanu ndi ziwiri pa zana. Ma injini amayendetsa Hamilton Standard 54H60-77 propellers zitsulo ndi awiri a 4,1 m.

Tsoka ilo, Electra sanapeze kupambana kwamalonda komwe kumayembekezeredwa chifukwa cha vuto lamphamvu la mapiko. Panali ngozi zitatu za L-1959A mu 1960-188. Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti chodabwitsa cha "oscillatory flutter" cha mapiko chinali chifukwa cha ngozi ziwiri. Mapangidwe okwera a ma motors akunja anali ofooka kwambiri kuti achepetse kugwedezeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha torque yawo yayikulu. Ma oscillation omwe amatumizidwa kunsonga za mapiko adapangitsa kuti achuluke oscillation pa oscillation yoyima. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti chimangidwecho chiwonongeke komanso kupatukana. Lockheed nthawi yomweyo adapanga kusintha koyenera pamapangidwe a mapiko ndi ma injini. Zosinthazi zachitikanso m'makope onse omwe adatulutsidwa kale. Zochitazi, komabe, zidalephera kupulumutsa kutchuka kwa Elektra, ndipo ndalama zoyendetsera zosintha ndi milandu zidasindikiza tsogolo la ndegeyo. Mu 1961, atamanga mayunitsi 170, Lockheed anasiya kupanga L-188A.

Yopangidwa ndi Lockheed pa pulogalamu ya US Navy, Model 185 idasunga mapiko, injini, ndi mchira wa L-188A. Fuselage idafupikitsidwa ndi 2,13 m (mu gawo la pre-mapiko), zomwe zidachepetsa kwambiri kulemera kwa ndegeyo. Pansi kutsogolo kwa fuselage pali bomba la bomba, lotsekedwa ndi khomo lawiri, ndipo pansi pa fuselage pali mabowo anayi otulutsa ma acoustic buoys. Ndegeyo imayenera kukhala ndi zida khumi zolumikizira zida zakunja - zitatu pansi pa nsonga iliyonse ndi ziwiri pansi pa fuselage ya phiko lililonse. Mapanelo asanu ndi limodzi onyezimira a cockpit adasinthidwa ndi ena akuluakulu asanu, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ogwira nawo ntchito aziwoneka bwino komanso kuchokera kumalo oyendetsa ndege a Electra. Mawindo onse a chipinda chokwera adachotsedwa ndipo mazenera owonera anayi adayikidwa - awiri mbali zonse za kutsogolo kwa fuselage ndi awiri mbali zonse za kumbuyo.

Khomo lotuluka mwadzidzidzi lopita ku mapiko (ndi mazenera) kumbali zonse za fuselage limasungidwa, khomo lakumanzere limasunthidwa kumphepete mwaphiko. Khomo lakumanzere lakumanzere linachotsedwa, ndikusiya khomo lakumanzere lokha ngati khomo lakutsogolo la ndegeyo. Mphuno ya mphuno ya Electra yasinthidwa ndi yatsopano, yokulirapo komanso yoloza kwambiri. Magnetic anomaly detector (DMA) imayikidwa kumapeto kwa gawo la mchira. Chojambulira ndi phiri ndi 3,6 mamita kutalika, kotero kutalika kwa Orion ndi 1,5 mamita yaitali kuposa Electra. Pa Epulo 24, 1958, Lockheed Model 185 idasankhidwa ndi Asitikali aku US kuti apemphe ndege yatsopano yolondera.

Chitsanzo choyamba cha tsogolo "Orion" inamangidwa pamaziko a wachitatu kupanga unit "Electra". Inali ndi fuselage yoyambirira yomwe sinafupikitsidwe, koma inali ndi zoseketsa za bomba ndi VUR. Icho chinali chitsanzo chopangidwira kuyesa kwa aerodynamic. Chitsanzocho, chomwe chinalandira nambala yolembera anthu N1883, chinawuluka koyamba pa Ogasiti 19, 1958. Pa Okutobala 7, 1958, Gulu Lankhondo Lankhondo linapatsa Lockheed mgwirizano kuti amange chithunzi choyamba chogwira ntchito, chomwe chidatcha YP3V-1. Inamangidwa pamaziko a N1883, yomwe idalandira zinthu zonse, machitidwe ndi zida zoperekedwa ndi polojekitiyi. Ndegeyo idawulukanso pa Novembara 25, 1959 ku Burbank Lockheed, California. Panthawiyi YP3V-1 inali ndi nambala ya siriyo ya US Navy ya BuNo 148276. Gulu lankhondo la Navy linasankha movomerezeka mapangidwe atsopano monga P3V-1.

M'katikati mwa zaka za m'ma 1960, asilikali a ku America adaganiza zoyamba kumanga magawo asanu ndi awiri oyambirira (BuNo 148883 - 148889). Mu Novembala, ndegeyo idatchedwa "Orion" mogwirizana ndi mwambo wa Lockheed wotchula ndege zomwe zimagwirizana ndi nthano ndi zakuthambo. Kuwuluka koyamba koyambirira kopanga (BuNo 148883) kunachitika pa Epulo 15, 1961 pabwalo la ndege ku Burbank. Kenako panayamba nthawi ya mayeso osiyanasiyana a YaP3V-1 prototype ndi makhazikitsidwe asanu ndi awiri a P3V-1 asanayambe kupanga. Mu June 1961, Naval Aviation Test Center (NATC) inayamba gawo loyamba la Navy Preliminary Examination (NPE-1) ku NAS Patuxent River, Maryland. Ndi prototype ya YP1V-3 yokha yomwe idatenga nawo gawo mu gawo la NPE-1.

Gawo lachiwiri la kuyezetsa (NPE-2) linaphatikizapo kuyesa magawo opanga omwe akugwira ntchito. Asitikali apamadzi adamaliza mu Okutobala 1961, ndikuwongolera wopanga kuti asinthe pang'ono. Gawo la NPE-3 lidatha mu Marichi 1962, ndikutsegulira njira yoyeserera komaliza ndikuwunika komaliza (Board of Inspection, BIS). Panthawiyi, ma P3V-1 asanu adayesedwa pa Mtsinje wa Patuxent (BuNo 148884-148888) ndipo imodzi (BuNo 148889) idayesedwa ku Naval Weapons Evaluation Center (NWEF) ku Albux-Evaluquerque, New Mexico. Pomalizira pake, pa June 16, 1962, P3V-1 Orions inalengezedwa kuti ikugwira ntchito mokwanira ndi asilikali a US Navy.

Mtengo wa 3A

Pa Seputembara 18, 1962, Pentagon idakhazikitsa njira yatsopano yolembera ndege zankhondo. Matchulidwe a P3V-1 adasinthidwa kukhala P-3A. Chomera cha Lockheed ku Burbank chinamanga 157 P-3As. Mtsinje wa US Navy ndi amene analandira chitsanzo ichi cha Orion, chomwe sichinatumizidwe kunja panthawi yopanga.

R-3A inali ndi gulu la anthu a 13, kuphatikizapo: woyendetsa ndege (KPP), woyendetsa ndege (PP2P), woyendetsa ndege wachitatu (PP3P), wotsogolera njira (TAKKO), woyendetsa ndege (TAKNAV), woyendetsa wailesi (RO), sitima yamakina. (FE1), makina achiwiri (FE2), otchedwa. wogwiritsa ntchito machitidwe osakhala acoustic, i.e. Radar ndi MAD (SS-3), awiri acoustic system operators (SS-1 ndi SS-2), katswiri pa bolodi (BT) ndi wowombera mfuti (ORD). Katswiri wa IFT anali ndi udindo woyang'anira ntchitoyo ndikukonza zomwe zikuchitika panopa ndi zida zapaboard (electronics), ndipo wowombera mfuti anali ndi udindo, mwa zina, pokonzekera ndi kugwetsa ma acoustic buoys. Panali maudindo asanu akuluakulu - oyendetsa ndege atatu ndi ma NFO awiri, i.e. Apolisi a Navy (TACCO ndi TACNAV) ndi maofesala asanu ndi atatu omwe sanatumizidwe.

Malo okwera ndege okhala ndi mipando itatu ankakhala ndi woyendetsa ndegeyo, woyendetsa nawo limodzi, amene anakhala kudzanja lake lamanja, ndiponso woyendetsa ndege. Mpando wa makaniko unali wozungulira ndipo ukhoza kutsetsereka pa njanji zoyalidwa pansi. Chifukwa cha izi, amatha kuchoka pampando wake (kumbuyo kwa cockpit, kuchokera kumbali ya nyenyezi) kuti akhale pakati, nthawi yomweyo kumbuyo kwa mipando ya oyendetsa ndege. Woyendetsa ndegeyo anali Woyang'anira Ndege (PPC). Kumbuyo kwa cockpit kumbali ya starboard kunali malo a makaniko wachiwiri, ndiyeno chimbudzi. Kuseri kwa kachipindako, kumbali ya doko, kunali ofesi ya woyendetsa wailesiyo. Malo awo anali mbali zonse za chombocho pamtunda wa mawindo owonera. Choncho ankathanso kuchita zinthu ngati oonerera. Pakatikati mwa chombocho, kumanzere, pali gawo lankhondo la Tactical Coordinator (TAKKO). Panali malo omenyera nkhondo asanu omwe anali pafupi ndi mzake, kotero kuti ogwira ntchitowo anakhala chammbali moyang'anizana ndi njira yothawirako, moyang'anizana ndi doko. Bwalo la TACCO lidayima pakati. Kumanja kwake kunali woyendetsa radar ya ndege ndi dongosolo la MAD (SS-3) ndi woyendetsa panyanja. Kumanzere kwa TACCO kunali masiteshoni awiri otchedwa acoustic sensor station (SS-1 ndi SS-2).

Ogwira ntchito omwe adakhala nawo adagwira ntchito ndikuwongolera machitidwe a echolocation. Maluso a woyendetsa ndegeyo (CPC) ndi TACCO anali olumikizana. TAKKO anali ndi udindo pa maphunziro onse ndi machitidwe a ntchitoyi, ndipo ndi iye amene adafunsa woyendetsa ndegeyo momwe angachitire mumlengalenga. Pochita, zisankho zambiri zanzeru zidapangidwa ndi TACCO pambuyo pokambirana ndi CPT. Komabe, pamene nkhani ya chitetezo cha ndege kapena ndege inali pangozi, udindo wa woyendetsa ndegeyo unakhala waukulu kwambiri ndipo anapanga chisankho, mwachitsanzo, kuthetsa ntchitoyo. Pa mbali ya nyenyezi, moyang'anizana ndi masiteshoni a woyendetsa, panali makabati okhala ndi zipangizo zamagetsi. Kuseri kwa chipinda cha TACCO, kumbali ya starboard, pali ma acoustic buoys. Kumbuyo kwawo, pakati pa pansi, pali mabowo atatu, otsika pachifuwa, kukula kwa A buoy ndi imodzi, kukula B buoy, mu mawonekedwe a chubu chotuluka pansi. .

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