Lavochkin-La-7
Lavochkin La-7
La-5FN inali yankhondo yopambana ndipo idachita bwino kwambiri pomanga m'malo mwa matabwa. Kutsogolo, izi sizinali zokwanira, makamaka popeza Ajeremani sanakhale pansi, akuyambitsa omenyana nawo a Messerschmitt ndi Focke-Wulf. Zinali zofunikira kupeza njira yopititsira patsogolo ntchito ya La-5FN, osati kuyambitsa ndege yatsopano mu mndandanda. Sizinali ntchito yosavuta, koma Semyon Aleksandrovich Lavochkin kupirira izo.
M’nyengo yotentha ya 1943, S.A. Lavochkin adagwira ntchito molimbika pakuwongolera womenya yake ya La-5FN ndi injini ya ASh-82FN. Ankadziwa kuti kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito kungatheke m'njira zitatu: pakuwonjezera mphamvu yamagetsi amagetsi komanso kuchepetsa kulemera ndi kukoka kwa ndege. Njira yoyamba inatsekedwa mwamsanga chifukwa cha tsoka la injini ya M-71 (2200 hp). Chomwe chinatsala chinali kuchepetsa kulemera kwake komanso kuwongolera mozama kwa aerodynamic. Ntchitozi zidachitika mogwirizana ndi Central Institute of Aerohydrodynamics. Zotsatira zawo zidayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pantchito yankhondo yamakono, ma prototypes awiri omwe adayenera kumangidwa molingana ndi ntchito yomwe People's Commissariat of the Aviation Industry pa Okutobala 29, 1943.
Choyamba, casing ya aerodynamic ya injini idasindikizidwa. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa mpweya, kulowa pansi pa casing ya mphamvu unit, kutentha mkati, kuziziritsa masilindala otentha. Motero, kupanikizika kwa mpweya umenewu kumawonjezeka, ndipo kumakonda kutuluka kunja. Ngati ituluka pansi pa makatani, liwiro lake limakhala lokwera kwambiri, lomwe limapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto linalake, lomwe limachotsedwa pakukoka kwa ndege, ndikuchepetsa. Komabe, ngati chivindikirocho sichikhala ndi mpweya ndipo mpweya umatuluka mumipata yomwe ilipo, ndiye kuti sizomwe zimangokhalapo zokha, koma mpweya womwe umadutsa m'mipata umayambitsa chipwirikiti, zomwe zimawonjezera kukana kwa mpweya womwe ukuyenda kuzungulira mlanduwo. Kusintha kwakukulu kwachiwiri kwa womenya wokwezedwayo kunali kuti choziziritsa mafuta chinasunthidwa kumbuyo, kuchokera pansi pa chinsalu cha injini, pansi pa fuselage, kuseri kwa m'mphepete mwa phiko. Kusintha kumeneku kunathandizanso kuchepetsa kukoka, popeza ma radiator ozungulira sichinachitike kutsogolo kwa mapiko ndi fuselage, koma kumbuyo kwa phiko. Monga momwe zinakhalira m'kati mwa kafukufuku, mayankho onsewa adathandizira kuchepa kwa kukoka, zomwe zinachititsa kuti pakhale kuthamanga kwakukulu ndi 24 km / h - kusindikiza chivundikiro cha injini ndi 11 km / h - kutengerapo kwa radiator, i.e. 35 km/h.
Pokonzekera ukadaulo wa seriyo kuti asindikize chivundikiro cha injini, adaganizanso kuti achepetse mabowo olowera mpweya kumbuyo kwa chivundikiro chamagetsi, ophimbidwa ndi makatani. Kukhetsa kwakung'ono kumatanthauza kuchepa kwa kuzizira, koma ntchito ya ASh-82FN yasonyeza kuti imakhala yochepa kwambiri kuposa ASh-82F, ndipo izi ndizotetezeka. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, injiniyo inalandira mipope yotulutsa mpweya m'malo motulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kudzera m'mapaipi 10 (pa La-5FN, masilindala asanu ndi atatu anali ndi chitoliro chimodzi cha silinda ziwiri ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi). Chifukwa cha izi, zinali zotheka kukweza m'mphepete mwa opotoka kuchokera kumtunda kwa mapiko omwe ali pamphambano ndi fuselage, komanso kusuntha dera la chipwirikiti cha mpweya (mpweya wotuluka kuchokera ku zowonongeka unadzazidwa ndi vortices) . mbali ya mbali.
Kuonjezera apo, mpweya wa injiniyo unasunthidwa kuchokera kumtunda wa casing ya mphamvu yamagetsi kupita kumunsi, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ziwoneke bwino kuchokera ku cockpit ndikupangitsa kuti woyendetsa ndegeyo asamavutike kuganiza, zowonjezera zowonjezera zida zowonjezera zidayambitsidwa. kuphimba kwathunthu mawilo atatha kuchotsedwa, sinthani kusintha kwa mapiko-fuselage ndikuchotsa tinyanga ta wailesi ya mast polowetsa mchira wopanda mastless mchira. Kuphatikiza apo, chiwongola dzanja cha kutalika kwa axial chawonjezeka kuchokera ku 20% mpaka 23%, zomwe zimachepetsa khama pa ndodo yowongolera. Mayankho awa adathandizira kuchepetsedwa kwina kwa kukoka kwa aerodynamic, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti liwiro liwonjezeke ndi 10-15 km / h.
Zosintha zonsezi zidapangidwanso pa La-5FN yomangidwanso ndi nambala ya 39210206. Kafukufuku wake pa Flight Test Institute of the People's Commissariat of the Aviation Viwanda pabwalo la ndege la Zhukovsky adayamba pa Disembala 14, 1943, koma mayeso othawa adalephera kwa nthawi yayitali. nthawi chifukwa cha nyengo yovuta. Sinawuluke kwa nthawi yoyamba mpaka Januware 30, 1944, koma chifukwa chakulephera pa February 10, palibe ndege zambiri zomwe zidapangidwa pamenepo. Woyendetsa ndege Nikolai V. Adamovich anayenera kusiya ndegeyo ndi parachuti pambuyo pa moto wosazimitsa wa injini.
Pakadali pano, kumangidwanso kwachiwiri kwa La-5FN kudamalizidwa, komwe kunali ndi nambala ya 45210150 ndipo adalandira dzina la La-5 lachitsanzo cha 1944. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti, mosiyana ndi zitsanzo zakale, zomwe mayankho amunthu adapangidwa, nthawi ino mawonekedwe a fakitale a mtundu z adasinthidwa. "39" (La-5FN yokhala ndi mapiko a matabwa) kapena "41" (La-5FN yokhala ndi mapiko achitsulo) mpaka "45". M'galimoto iyi, casing ya injini idasindikizidwanso, kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya kwa injiniyo kunagawidwa m'njira ziwiri ndikusamutsira kumadera apakati a fuselage (ziwiri ziwiri mbali zonse za fuselage zidalumikizidwa pamwamba, kuchokera kumene. mpweya umalunjikitsidwa ku mpweya kompresa kudzera mpweya ngalande) ndi zotchingira zitsulo, kumene nthiti zambiri matabwa ndi delta matabwa mapanelo anamangiriridwa. Chachilendo chinali VISz-105W-4 propeller, yomwe inali ndi nsonga zamasamba okhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera a perimonic kuti achepetse kukana kwa mafunde a nsonga za tsamba, kuyandikira liwiro la phokoso pa liwiro lalikulu. Kusintha kwina kunali kugwiritsa ntchito mfuti zitatu za B-20 m'malo mwa zida ziwiri za SP-20 (ShVAK), zonse zamtundu wa 20 mm. Ma giya akuluakulu otsetsereka anali 8 cm kutalika kuposa La-5FN, ndipo ma wheel wheel kumbuyo anali aafupi. Izi zinapangitsa kuti ndegeyo ikhale yoimikapo magalimoto komanso kukana kwa rollover pamene throttle inawonjezeredwa mofulumira kwambiri ponyamuka, kapena pakuchita braking molimba kwambiri potera.
