Lavochkin La-5

Womenyera mpando umodzi La-5 kuchokera ku Great Patriotic War.

Soviet single-engine-seat fighter La-5 kuchokera ku Great Patriotic War inakhazikitsidwa muofesi ya Semyon Alekseevich Lavochkin monga chitukuko ndi cholowa m'malo mwa LaGG-3, womenya matabwa omwe ali ndi madzi osungunuka a M. injini. 105 injini yamagetsi. Ndege yatsopano yosiyana ndi yapitayi makamaka mu injini yatsopano ya M-82.

Mu theka loyamba la Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lapansi, vuto lalikulu la asilikali a Soviet linali kusowa kwa injini zoyenera ndi khalidwe lochepa la kupanga kwawo. Mphamvu yosakwanira ya machitidwe othamangitsidwa omwe alipo sanalole kupeza zofunikira - kuthamanga kwambiri kwa ndege ndi kukwera kwamtunda, koyenera kukhazikitsa nkhondo yofanana ndi mdani. Choncho, pang'ono ayenera kunena za injini isanayambe nkhondo Soviet.

Mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20, makampani a injini ya ndege aku Soviet anayamba pang'onopang'ono. Panthawi imeneyi, injini imodzi yokha yopambana idapangidwa ndipo inali nyenyezi ya M-11 M-1892 ya Arkady Dmitrievich Shevchenov (1953-4), yomwe inamangidwa pa chomera No. 1924 (yokhazikitsidwa ndi kampani yaku France ya Salmson pamaso pa Dziko Lonse Nkhondo). Ndili ku Moscow. Kuyambira 1921, injiniya wamkulu wa chomera ichi anali A.D. Shvetsov, womaliza maphunziro a Moscow State Technical School mu 11. Komabe, kwenikweni, iye ankangoyang'anira chitukuko cha injini, ndipo mlengi wake weniweni anali Nikolai Vasilyevich Okroshenko. Ma silinda asanu a M-100 okhala ndi mphamvu ya 2 hp. unapangidwira maphunziro ndege ndi odziwika bwino kwa lodziwika bwino Po-1930 "injini chimanga" (mu USSR injini anapangidwa mu 1952-XNUMX).

Choyamba choyambirira cha Soviet high-power engine chinali M-34, chopangidwa ndi Alexander Alekseevich Mikulin (1895-1985), mdzukulu wa aerodynamicist Nikolai Evgenievich Zhukovsky. Ngakhale kuti sanamalize maphunziro ake ku Kiev Polytechnic Institute, kusokonezedwa ndi kuyambika kwa nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse, mu 1923 anakhala wofufuza anzake pa Automotive Engine Research Institute ku Moscow, kumene zaka ziwiri kenako anakhala mlengi injini ndege. Apa mu 1928 anayamba ntchito pa 12 yamphamvu V-amapasa injini ndi madzi kuzirala. Mu 1930, adasamukira ku Institute of Aviation Engines (kenako Central Institute of Aviation Engines), yomwe inalinso ku Moscow, pafupi ndi Motor Plant No. 4. Injini ya M-34 inayesedwa dynamometer mu 1932 ndi mphamvu. ya 45,8 l idapereka mphamvu yonyamuka 800 hp. Chiyambi cha chitukuko cha M-34 chinali German BMW VI injini, opangidwa mu USSR monga M-17, amene Komabe anali ndi voliyumu yaikulu pa lita imodzi chifukwa chachikulu pisitoni sitiroko mu mzere kumanzere, chifukwa. kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo zazikulu zolumikizira mzere umodzi ndi ndodo zolumikizira zoyendetsedwa mosiyanasiyana. M-34 inali ndi ndodo zolumikizira zomwezo komanso sitiroko yomweyo ya pistoni m'mabanki onse awiri. M-17 kulumikiza ndodo (BMW VI) anagwiritsidwa ntchito lotsatira chitsanzo AM-35 (1200 HP), kusamutsidwa amene motero chinawonjezeka kwa malita 36,8, ndi kumanzere banki ya masilinda kachiwiri anali ndi sitiroko yaikulu kuposa banki lamanja. Injini iyi mu mtundu wopanga AM-35A idatulutsa 1350 hp. Tiyenera kugogomezera apa kuti chitukuko cha M-34, choyamba bwino Soviet mkulu-mphamvu injini ya ndege, anabweretsa kuzindikira A. A. Mikulin, ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo injini anayamba kutchedwa AM-34, pambuyo oyamba ake. osati muyezo M wa injini. AM-35A, yopangidwa pa chomera No. 24 ku Moscow (yomwe inapangidwa chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa mafakitale a injini No. 2 ndi No. ), ndipo mtundu wake womwe uli ndi liwiro lowonjezereka, kuchuluka kwa kuponderezana kwakukulu, koma kuthamanga kwa kompresa kutsika komanso kutsika kwamphamvu (4 m'malo mwa 3 atm), yotchedwa AM-8, idapangidwa mochuluka kuti ipangitse ndege ya Il-1,4 (yoyang'ana pa kukulitsa kupanga injini za mtundu uwu ndi kusintha magawo, chitukuko cha chitsanzo AM-1,9 ndi mphamvu pazipita 38 HP, anafuna omenyana MiG-2 ndi mabomba kutsogolo Tu-37, anasiya). Kumapeto kwa nkhondoyo, injini ya AM-1500 yamphamvu kwambiri inayikidwa pakupanga, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ndege ya Il-7.

Injini zina zonse za Soviet serial ndege za nthawi isanayambe nkhondo zidapangidwa kuchokera ku injini zakunja zomwe ziphaso zidagulidwa. Mu 1933, adaganiza kuti chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chitukuko cha mapangidwe ake mu 1930-1932. (zosadabwitsa, tidayamba kuyambira pachiyambi) kugula ziphaso zamainjini ofananira kunja kuti tisayimitse chitukuko cha ndege. Chimodzi mwa ziphaso zomwe zinapezedwa panthawiyo zinali injini ya French Hispano-Suiza 12Y, m'matembenuzidwe a brs oponya mabomba ndi ma crs kwa omenyera nkhondo (otsirizirawo adasinthidwa kuti akhazikitse cannon mu chipika cha injini, kuwombera kudzera pa shaft ya gearbox pakatikati. wa propeller hub). Inali injini ya V-silinda 12, koma yaying'ono komanso yopepuka kuposa kapangidwe ka A. A. Mikulin. Injini mu chitsanzo m'munsi anatulutsa mphamvu poyambira 860 HP. Chomera No. 26 ku Rybinsko chinapangidwira kupanga kwakukulu. Ma injini a M-100 ankagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamabomba apatsogolo a SB. Posakhalitsa anaonekera Baibulo bwino M-103, opangidwa motsogozedwa ndi Vladimir Yurevich Klimov, ndi kuchuluka psinjika chiŵerengero ndi liwiro, zomwe zinachititsa kuti kuonjezera mphamvu 960 HP. Injini idayikidwa pamitundu yotsatira ya bomba la SB ndi bomba lankhondo la Yak-2. Mu 1940, chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha M-16 chinalowa ku Rybinsk, kenako pa zomera No. 27 ku Voronezh ndi No. zipangizo. zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kuchuluka kwa psinjika ndi zosintha zina zambiri. Injiniyo idakhala ndi mphamvu ya 105 hp, ndipo mtundu wamtsogolo wa M-1100PF-105 unali ndi mphamvu ya 2 hp. Mu 1360, pozindikira ntchito za V. J. Klimov, adapatsidwa ufulu wolemba injini zake ndi zilembo zoyambirira za "WK", ndipo injini ya M-1944 (WK-105) inakhala injini yotchuka kwambiri ya Soviet pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse. . - pofika 105, magawo 1947 adapangidwa m'mafakitale atatu. Mu October 75, Plant No. 250 yochokera ku Voronezh inasamutsidwa kupita ku Ufa, ndipo Plant No. -1941 womenya , Yak-16, Yak-26, Yak-27), komanso omenyera omwe atchulidwa kale a LaGG-1 ndi oponya mabomba a Pe-3.