Lancia

Zamkatimu FounderEmblemMbiri ya magalimoto mumitundu Mtundu wa Lancia nthawi zonse umakhala wovuta kwambiri. Mwa njira zina, magalimoto anali apamwamba kwambiri kuposa magalimoto a mpikisano, koma m'njira zina anali otsika kwambiri kwa iwo. Zonse zomwe tinganene motsimikiza n’zakuti sanasiye anthu opanda chidwi, ngakhale kuti panali kusagwirizana kwakukulu. Mtundu wodziwika bwinowu wakumana ndi zovuta zambiri, koma wakwanitsa kukhala ndi mbiri yabwino komanso ulemu. Tsopano Lancia imapanga chitsanzo chimodzi chokha, chomwe chiri chotsatira cha kuchepa kwa chidwi cha kampaniyo ndi mavuto aakulu azachuma, chifukwa chomwe kampaniyo inawonongeka kwambiri. Komabe, mbiri yake idatsimikiziridwa ndi zitsanzo zakale zomwe zidatulutsidwa panthawi yachidziwitso chamtunduwu. Amapangabe chidwi chochuluka kuposa zitsanzo zamakono, chifukwa chake chaka chilichonse Lancia amakhala mbiri. Ndipo, mwina, izi ndi zabwino kwambiri, kuti oyendetsa galimoto asataye ulemu kwa mtunduwo ndi njira yayitali yachitukuko pamsika uno. Kupatula apo, ndikofunikira kuyimitsa munthawi yake, osasiyidwa opanda mwayi wokwaniritsa zoyembekeza za onse okonda Lancia ndi magalimoto ake odziwika bwino. Woyambitsa Lancia Automobiles SpA ndi injiniya waku Italy komanso dalaivala wothamanga Vincenzo Lancia. Iye anabadwira m'banja wamba ndipo anali mnyamata wamng'ono 4 ana. Kuyambira ali mwana, ankakonda kwambiri masamu ndipo ankachita chidwi ndi zipangizo zamakono. Makolo ankakhulupirira kuti Vincenzo ndithu kukhala akauntanti, ndipo iye tcheru ntchito imeneyi. Koma mofulumira kwambiri, magalimoto oyambirira a theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma XNUMX anakhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa iye. Vincenzo adakhala wophunzira wa Giovanni Battista Seirano, yemwe pambuyo pake adayambitsa kampani ya Fiat ndipo adathandizira pakupanga Lancia. N’zoona kuti nthawi zina ankapita kukagwira ntchito yowerengera ndalama. Lancia atakwanitsa zaka 19, adasankhidwa kukhala woyendetsa mayeso komanso woyang'anira Fiat. Anathana ndi ntchito zake mopanda chilema, akupeza chidziwitso chothandiza kwambiri, chomwe chinathandizira kukhazikitsa mtundu wake. Posakhalitsa Vincenzo anakhala dalaivala wothamanga: mu 1900, mu galimoto ya Fiat, adapambana First French Grand Prix. Ngakhale pamenepo, adakhala munthu wolemekezeka, kotero kuti kupanga fakitale yosiyana sikunali chisankho chokha. M'malo mwake, izo zinawonjezera chidwi: oyendetsa galimoto anali kuyembekezera zitsanzo zatsopano ndi kusaleza mtima kwakukulu. Mu 1906, woyendetsa ndi injiniya anayambitsa kampani yake, Fabbrica Automobili Lancia, mothandizidwa ndi comrade Claudio Forgiolin. Onse pamodzi anapeza fakitale yaing'ono ku Turin, kumene anapanga magalimoto mtsogolo. Chitsanzo choyamba chimatchedwa 18-24 HP, ndipo ndi mfundo za nthawi imeneyo akhoza kutchedwa kusintha. Komabe, Lancia posakhalitsa anamvera malangizo a mchimwene wake ndipo anayamba kutchula magalimotowo ndi zilembo zachigiriki kuti ogula apindule nawo. Mainjiniya ndi okonza abweretsa m'galimotomo matekinoloje abwino kwambiri ndi chitukuko chapamwamba chomwe akhala akugwira ntchito kwa chaka chimodzi. Patangotha ​​​​zaka zingapo, Fabbrica Automobili Lancia inapanga magalimoto 3, kenako kampaniyo inasintha kupanga magalimoto ndi magalimoto onyamula zida. Zaka za nkhondo zinapanga zosintha zawo, kulimbana kwa mayiko kunafuna kusintha. Kenako, chifukwa cha ntchito yolimbikira, injini zatsopano zidapangidwa, zomwe zidatukuka kwambiri pamakampani opanga magalimoto. Pambuyo pa kutha kwa nkhondo, malo opangira zinthu adakula kwambiri - nkhondoyi inathandiza kupanga kampani yatsopano panthawiyo. Kale mu 1921, kampani anatulutsa chitsanzo choyamba ndi thupi monocoque - ndiye anakhala mmodzi wa mtundu wake. Komanso, chitsanzocho chinali ndi kuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha, komwe kunachulukitsa malonda ndikuwalola kuti apite m'mbiri. Chitsanzo chotsatira cha Astura chinagwiritsa ntchito makina ovomerezeka omwe amakulolani kulumikiza chimango ndi injini. Chifukwa cha ukadaulo watsopanowu, kugwedezeka sikunamveke m'kanyumbako, motero maulendowo adakhala omasuka komanso osangalatsa momwe angathere ngakhale m'misewu yopingasa. Galimoto yotsatira inalinso yapadera panthawiyo - Aurelia amagwiritsa ntchito injini ya V-6-cylinder. Pa nthawi imeneyo, okonza ambiri ndi mainjiniya molakwika ankakhulupirira kuti sakanakhoza kukhala bwino, koma Lancia anasonyeza mosiyana. Mu 1969, oyang'anira kampani adagulitsa magawo ambiri ku Fiat. Ngakhale adalowa mu kampani ina, Lancia adapanga zitsanzo zonse ngati kampani yosiyana ndipo sizinadalire mwiniwake watsopano mwanjira iliyonse. Panthawiyi, magalimoto ochepa odziwika bwino adatuluka, koma kuyambira 2015 chiwerengero cha magalimoto opangidwa chatsika pang'onopang'ono, ndipo tsopano kampaniyo imangotulutsa Lancia Ypsilon kwa ogula a ku Italy. M'zaka zaposachedwa, mtunduwo wawonongeka kwambiri - pafupifupi ma euro 700, kotero oyang'anira adawona kuti sikunali kotheka kutsitsimutsanso mawonekedwe akale. Emblem Mu 000, pomwe kampaniyo idayamba ntchito yake, inalibe chizindikiro chake. Pagalimoto panali mawu aukhondo "Lancia" popanda zambiri zosafunika. Kale mu 1911, chifukwa cha Count Carl Biscaretti di Ruffia, bwenzi lapamtima la Vincenzo Lancia, chizindikiro choyamba chinawonekera. Inali chiwongolero cha 4-spoke motsutsana ndi mbendera ya buluu. Mbendera kwa iye inali chithunzi chojambula cha mkondo, chifukwa umu ndi momwe dzina la kampaniyo limamasulidwira kuchokera ku Italy. Pafupi, kumanja, panali chithunzi cha chogwirira cha accelerator kumanja, ndipo dzina la mtundu wa Lancia linali kale pakati. Mwa njira, kampaniyo imasungabe mafonti abwino mpaka lero. Mu 1929, Count Carl Biscaretti di Ruffia anafuna kusintha kamangidwe ka chizindikirocho. Anayika chizindikiro chozungulira chofanana kumbuyo kwa chishango, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo chizindikirocho chakhala chonchi kwa zaka zambiri. Mu 1957, chizindikirocho chinasinthidwanso. Ma spokes adachotsedwa ku chiwongolero, ndipo chizindikirocho chinataya mitundu yake. Malingana ndi okonzawo, njira iyi inkawoneka yokongola komanso yamakono. Mu 1974, nkhani yosintha chizindikiro inali yofunikanso. Mawotchi owongolera ndi mtundu wobiriwira wabuluu adabwezeredwa kwa iye, koma zithunzi za zinthu zina zomwe zidasinthidwa kukhala zithunzi zamawonekedwe a minimalistic. Mu 2000, zinthu zapadera za chrome zidawonjezeredwa ku logo ya Lancia, chifukwa chomwe chizindikirocho chinkawoneka chamitundu itatu ngakhale pazithunzi ziwiri. Nthawi yotsiriza logo inasinthidwa mu 2007: ndiye akatswiri ochokera ku Robilant Associati adagwirapo ntchito. Monga gawo la kukonzanso kwakukulu, gudumulo linali lojambulidwa momveka bwino, ndikuchotsanso ma spokes 2, ndipo ena onse adakhala ngati "pointer" kuzungulira chizindikiro cha Lancia. Zowona, okonda mtunduwo sanayamikire kuti tsopano chizindikirocho chinalibe mkondo ndi mbendera zokondedwa ndi ambiri. Mbiri ya galimoto mu zitsanzo chitsanzo choyamba analandira udindo ntchito 18-24 HP, ndiyeno anadzatchedwanso Alpha. Idatuluka mu 1907 ndipo idapangidwa mchaka chimodzi chokha. Anagwiritsa ntchito shaft ya cardan m'malo mwa unyolo, ndipo imodzi mwa injini zoyamba za 6-cylinder inayambitsidwanso. Malingana ndi galimoto yoyamba yopambana, chitsanzo china chinapangidwa chotchedwa Dialpha, chinatuluka mu 1908 ndi makhalidwe omwewo. Makina a Theta adawonekera mu 1913. Anakhala imodzi mwa magalimoto odalirika kwambiri panthawiyo. Mu 1921, Lambda inatulutsidwa. Mawonekedwe ake anali kuyimitsidwa paokha komanso thupi lonyamula katundu, panthawiyo galimotoyo inali imodzi mwazoyamba zamtundu wake. Mu 1937 Aprilia adagubuduza pamzere wa msonkhano - chitsanzo chomaliza, chomwe Vincenzo Lancia adachita nawo mwachindunji. Mapangidwe a galimotoyo anali ofanana ndi kachilombo ka Meyi, komwe pambuyo pake adadziwika kuti ndi kalembedwe kapadera komanso kosasinthika kwa woyambitsa kampaniyo. Aprilia adasinthidwa ndi Aurelia - galimotoyo idawonetsedwa koyamba ku Turin mu 1950. Vittorio Yano, mmodzi mwa ambuye abwino kwambiri a nthawi yake, adagwira nawo ntchito yopanga chitsanzo chatsopano. Kenako injini yatsopano yopangidwa ndi zitsulo zotayidwa inayikidwa m'galimoto. Mu 1972, pa msika chitsanzo china - Lancia Beta, amene anaika camshafts awiri injini. Nthawi yomweyo, msonkhano wa Stratos unatulutsidwanso - othamanga kangapo adapambana mphotho kuseri kwa gudumu pagalimoto ya maola 24 ku Le Mans. Mu 1984, sedan yatsopano ya Lancia Thema idagubuduza pamzere wa msonkhano. Ikufunidwa ngakhale lero, chifukwa ngakhale m'masiku amenewo, zowongolera mpweya, zowongolera nyengo ndi matabwa azidziwitso zidayikidwa m'galimoto, zomwe zidawonetsa chidziwitso chaukadaulo wagalimoto. Mapangidwe a Thema ndi akale pang'ono, koma okonda magalimoto amazindikira kuti galimotoyo idapangidwa bwino kwambiri, chifukwa idatulutsidwa mu 1984. Kale mu 1989, Lancia Dedra idayambitsidwa, sedan yomwe idasankhidwa kukhala kalasi yoyamba. Kenako galimoto yamasewera idachita chidwi kwambiri ndi gawo laukadaulo komanso kapangidwe kake. Mu 1994, pogwiritsa ntchito mgwirizano wa Peugeot, FIAT ndi Citroen, galimoto ya Lancia Zeta inawonekera, ndipo posakhalitsa dziko lapansi linawona Lancia Kappa, Lancia Y, Lancia Thesis ndi Lancia Phedra. Magalimoto sanapeze kutchuka kwambiri, kotero m'kupita kwa nthawi, chiwerengero cha zitsanzo zomwe zinaperekedwa chinacheperachepera. Kuyambira 2017, kampaniyo yakhala ikupanga galimoto imodzi yokha ya Lancia Ypsilon, ndipo imayang'ana kwambiri msika waku Italy.