Mbiri ya mtundu wa galimoto ya Lancia

Mtundu wa Lancia wakhala ukuwoneka kuti ndiwovuta kwambiri. Mwanjira zina, magalimoto anali apamwamba kwambiri kuposa magalimoto a omwe amapikisana nawo, ndipo mwa ena anali otsika kwambiri kwa iwo. Titha kungonena motsimikiza kuti sanasiye anthu opanda chidwi, ngakhale panali kusagwirizana kwakukulu. Mtundu wodziwikawu wakumanapo ndi zovuta, koma watha kukhala ndi mbiri yabwino komanso ulemu. Lancia pakadali pano ikupanga mtundu umodzi wokha, womwe ndi chifukwa chakuchepa kwa chidwi pakampaniyo komanso mavuto azachuma, chifukwa chake kampaniyo idawonongeka kwambiri. 

Komabe mbiri yake idatsimikiziridwa ndi mitundu yakale yomwe idatulutsidwa nthawi yopambana ya chizindikirocho. Amachititsabe chidwi kuposa mitundu yamakono, ndichifukwa chake Lancia amakhala mbiri chaka chilichonse. Ndipo, mwina, ndizabwino kwambiri kuti oyendetsa galimoto asataye ulemu pamalonda ndi njira yayitali yachitukuko mumsika uwu. Kupatula apo, ndikofunikira kuyimilira munthawi yake, osasiyidwa opanda mwayi wokumana ndi ziyembekezo za mafani onse a Lancia ndi magalimoto ake odabwitsa. 

Woyambitsa

Lancia Automobiles SpA idakhazikitsidwa ndi mainjiniya komanso masewera othamanga ku Italy Vincenzo Lancia. Adabadwira m'banja wamba ndipo anali mwana womaliza mwa ana anayi. Kuyambira ali mwana, anali ndi chidwi ndi masamu ndipo anali ndi chidwi ndiukadaulo. Makolo amakhulupirira kuti Vincenzo adzakhaladi wowerengera ndalama, ndipo iye mwini adayang'anitsitsa ntchitoyi. Koma mofulumira kwambiri, magalimoto oyamba a theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 4 adakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa iye. Vincenzo adakhala wophunzira wa Giovanni Battista Seirano, yemwe pambuyo pake adakhazikitsa Fiat ndikuthandizira pakupanga Lancia. Zoona, nthawi ndi nthawi anali kubwerera kuntchito yowerengera ndalama.

Lancia atakwanitsa zaka 19, adatchedwa woyendetsa komanso woyang'anira wa Fiat. Analimbana ndi ntchito mosalakwitsa, kupeza zofunikira kwambiri, zomwe zathandiza kukhazikitsa mtundu wake. Posakhalitsa, Vincenzo adasinthiratu: mu 1900 adapambana First French Grand Prix mgalimoto ya Fiat. Ngakhale pamenepo, adakhala munthu wolemekezeka, chifukwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa fakitale yapadera sikunali chisankho chongochitika zokha. M'malo mwake, idakulitsa chidwi: oyendetsa galimoto anali kuyembekezera mitundu yatsopano mosaleza mtima. 

Mu 1906, othamanga ndi injiniya adakhazikitsa kampani yake, Fabbrica Automobili Lancia, mothandizidwa ndi a Claudio Forjolin. Pamodzi adapeza chomera chaching'ono ku Turin, komwe adachita nawo ntchito yopanga magalimoto amtsogolo. Mtundu woyamba udatchedwa 18-24 HP, ndipo malinga ndi miyezo ya nthawi imeneyo ukhoza kutchedwa chosintha. Komabe, Lancia posakhalitsa adamvera upangiri wa mchimwene wake ndipo adayamba kuyitanitsa magalimoto zilembo za zilembo zachi Greek kuti makasitomala azikhala osavuta. Akatswiri opanga mapulani agwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje abwino kwambiri komanso zotsogola m'galimoto, zomwe akhala akugwira ntchito chaka chimodzi. 

Pasanathe zaka zingapo, a Fabbrica Automobili Lancia adatulutsa magalimoto atatu, pambuyo pake kampaniyo idasinthira kupanga magalimoto ndi magalimoto onyamula zida. Zaka zankhondo zidapanga zosintha zawo, mkangano pakati pa mayiko umafuna kusintha. Kenako, chifukwa cha ntchito yolemetsa, makina opanga anapangidwa, omwe anali ndi chitukuko chachikulu pamakampani opanga magalimoto. 

Nkhondo zitatha, malo opangira zidawonjezeka kwambiri - nkhondoyo idathandizira kukonza kampani yatsopano panthawiyo. Kale mu 1921, kampaniyo idatulutsa mtundu woyamba wokhala ndi thupi lodzikongoletsa - kenako idakhala yamtundu wina. Mtunduwu udalinso ndi kuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha, komwe kudakulitsa kugulitsa ndikupanga mbiri. 

Mtundu wotsatira wa Astura udagwiritsa ntchito makina okhala ndi mawonekedwe omwe amalola kuti chimango ndi injini ziziphatikizidwa. Chifukwa cha ukadaulo watsopanowu, kunjenjemera sikunamveke m'kanyumbako, chifukwa chake maulendo amakhala omasuka komanso osangalatsa momwe angathere, ngakhale m'misewu yovuta. Galimoto yotsatira idalinso yapadera panthawiyo - Aurelia adagwiritsa ntchito 6-cylinder V-injini. Kalelo, opanga mapangidwe ambiri ndi mainjiniya molakwika amakhulupirira kuti sizingafanane, koma Lancia adatsimikiza.

Mu 1969, oyang'anira makampani adagulitsa mtengo wolamulira ku Fiat. Ngakhale adalowa kampani ina, Lancia adapanga mitundu yonse ngati kampani yosiyana ndipo sanadalire mwini watsopanoyo mwanjira iliyonse. Munthawi imeneyi, magalimoto ena odziwika adatuluka, koma kuyambira 2015 kuchuluka kwa magalimoto opangidwa kwatsika pang'onopang'ono, ndipo tsopano kampani imangopanga Lancia Ypsilon ya ogula aku Italiya. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chizindikirocho chasokonekera kwambiri - pafupifupi mayuro 700 miliyoni, kotero oyang'anira adawona kuti ndizosatheka kubwezeretsanso mbiri yakale. 

Chizindikiro

Mu 1907, kampaniyo itayamba ntchito yake, idalibe logo yakeyake. Galimotoyi inali ndi kalata yolembedwa ya "Lancia" yopanda tsatanetsatane wosafunikira. Kale mu 1911, chifukwa cha Count Carl Biscaretti di Ruffia, mnzake wapamtima wa Vincenzo Lancia, chizindikiro choyamba chidawonekera. Unali chiwongolero cholankhula 4 motsutsana ndi mbendera ya buluu. Flagstaff kwa iye anali chithunzi chojambula cha mkondo, popeza ndi momwe dzina la kampaniyo limamasuliridwira kuchokera ku Italiya. Pafupi, kumanja, panali chithunzi cha kukhotakhota kumanja, ndipo pakati panali dzina la Lancia. Mwa njira, kampaniyo imakhala yosanja mpaka pano.

Mu 1929, Count Carl Biscaretti di Ruffia adafuna kusintha zina ndi zina pakupanga chizindikiro. Anayika chizindikiro chozungulira chimodzimodzi kumbuyo kwa chishango, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo chizindikirocho chakhala chomwecho kwa zaka zambiri.

Mu 1957, chizindikirocho chidasinthidwanso. Ma spokes adachotsedwa pagudumu, ndipo logo yomweyi idatayika. Malinga ndi omwe adapanga, motere zimawoneka zowoneka bwino komanso zamakono.

Mu 1974, funso lakusintha logo lidalinso lofunikira. Ma speaker oyendetsa ndi mtundu wakuda wabuluu adabwezedwa kwa iye, koma zithunzi za zinthu zina zomwe zidasinthidwa ndizosavuta pazithunzi zochepa.

Mu 2000, zinthu zapadera za chrome zinawonjezedwa ku logo ya Lancia, pomwe chizindikirocho chimawoneka chazithunzi zitatu ngakhale pazithunzi zazithunzi ziwiri. 

Nthawi yomaliza pomwe chizindikirocho chidasinthidwa mu 2007: ndiye akatswiri ochokera ku kampani ya Robilant Associati adagwira ntchito. Monga gawo lakubwezeretsanso, gudumu lidapakidwa utoto momveka bwino, ndikuchotsanso ma spokes awiri, ndipo enawo adakhala ngati "pointer" mozungulira dzina la Lancia. Zowona, okonda mtunduwo sanayamikire kuti tsopano logo ilibe mkondo ndi mbendera yokondedwa.

Mbiri yamagalimoto pamitundu

Mtundu woyamba wapatsidwa dzina logwira ntchito la 18-24 HP, kenako adadzatchedwa Alfa. Inatuluka mu 1907 ndipo idapangidwa mchaka chimodzi chokha. Inagwiritsa ntchito shaft yoyendera m'malo mwa unyolo, ndipo imodzi mwa injini zoyambira 6 yamphamvu idayambitsidwanso.  

Pamaziko a galimoto yoyamba yopambana, mtundu wina udapangidwa wotchedwa Dialpha, udatuluka mu 1908 wokhala ndi mawonekedwe omwewo. 

Mu 1913, makina a Theta amapezeka. Iye anakhala mmodzi wa magalimoto odalirika nthawi. 

Mu 1921, a Lambda adamasulidwa. Makhalidwe ake anali kuyimitsidwa pawokha komanso thupi lodzikongoletsa, panthawiyo galimotoyo inali imodzi mwazinthu zoyambirira.

Mu 1937, mzere wa Aprilia unachotsedwa pamzere - chitsanzo chomaliza, chomwe Vincenzo Lancia mwiniyo adachita nawo. Kapangidwe kagalimotoyi kunali kofanana ndi kachilomboka ka Meyi, komwe pambuyo pake kankadziwika kuti ndi kachitidwe kapadera komanso kosayerekezeka ka omwe adayambitsa kampaniyo.

Aprilia adasinthidwa ndi Aurelia - galimotoyo idawonetsedwa koyamba ku Turin mu 1950. Vittorio Yano, m'modzi mwa amisiri abwino kwambiri m'nthawi yake, adatenga nawo gawo pakupanga mtundu watsopanowu. Kenako galimoto yatsopano inakhazikitsidwa, yopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu. 

Mu 1972, panali msika wina pamsika - Lancia Yoyeserera, imene injini anaika camshafts awiri. Nthawi yomweyo, a Stratos adatulutsidwanso - omenyerawo adalandira mphotho kangapo pagudumu panthawi yamaola 24 ku Le Mans.

Mu 1984, sitima yatsopano ya Lancia Thema inachoka pamsonkhanowo. Ikufunikanso ngakhale masiku ano, chifukwa ngakhale masiku amenewo zowongolera mpweya, zowongolera nyengo ndi matabwa azidziwitso zimayikidwa mgalimoto, zomwe zimawonetsa zidziwitso zantchito yagalimoto. Mapangidwe a Thema ndi achikale, koma okonda magalimoto amazindikira kuti galimotoyo ndi yolimba kwambiri, poganizira kuti idatulutsidwa mu 1984.

Kale mu 1989, Lancia Dedra idayambitsidwa, sedan yomwe idadziwika kuti ndi yoyamba. Kenako galimoto yamasewera idachita bwino chifukwa cha luso komanso kapangidwe koganiza. 

Mu 1994, mogwirizana ndi Peugeot, FIAT ndi Citroen, Lancia Zeta station wagon idawonekera, posakhalitsa dziko lapansi lidawona Lancia Kappa, Lancia Y, Lancia Thesis ndi Lancia Phedra. Magalimoto sanatengeke kutchuka kwambiri, kotero popita nthawi, kuchuluka kwa mitundu yomwe idaperekedwa kunayamba kuchepa. Kuyambira 2017, kampaniyo yapanga Lancia Ypsilon m'modzi yekha, ndipo imangoyang'ana pamsika waku Italy. Kampaniyo idatayika kwambiri chifukwa cha mavuto azachuma komanso kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chidwi cha magalimoto opangidwa, motero kampani ya FIAT idaganiza zochepetsera kuchuluka kwa mitundu, ndipo posachedwa yatseka chizindikirocho.