Quantum Information Theory
Polyak adasindikiza pepala lomwe mawuwa amawonekera koyamba: quantum information theory. Mu June, iyi ndi imodzi mwa zigawo zodziwika bwino za fizikiki yamatsenga idakondwerera chaka chachiwiri: chikumbutso cha 40 cha kukhalapo kwake ndi chikumbutso cha 90 cha kubadwa kwa mkulu. Mu 1975 Prof. Roman S. Ingarden wochokera ku Institute of Physics ya Nicolaus Copernicus University ku Torun adasindikiza ntchito yake "Quantum Theory of Information".
Roman S. Inngarden
Ntchitoyi kwa nthawi yoyamba inapereka chithunzi chadongosolo lachidziwitso cha kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso, chomwe tsopano ndi chimodzi mwa madera "otentha kwambiri" a sayansi. Anthu ambiri anabwera kudzabadwa. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 60 ndi 70, motsogozedwa ndi Prof. Ingarden ku dipatimenti ya Masamu Fizikisi ya Yunivesite ya Nicolaus Copernicus ku Toruń, kafukufuku adachitika pa ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa chiphunzitso cha chidziwitso ndi ziphunzitso zina zoyambira za sayansi yamakono. Panthawi imeneyo, mapepala ambiri a sayansi adalengedwa, momwe machitidwe a kayendetsedwe ka chidziwitso mu thermodynamic ndi quantum process adaphunzira. "M'zaka zimenezo, inali njira yodabwitsa kwambiri, yodabwitsa kwambiri, yogwirizana ndi malire a physics ndi filosofi. Padziko lapansi, kodi anali ndi gulu laling'ono la omutsatira omwe nthawi zambiri amapita ku bungwe lathu kuti agwire ntchito limodzi ndi gulu la Professor Ingarden? ? Akutero Prof. Andrzej Jamiolkowski wochokera ku Institute of Physics ku yunivesite ya Nicolaus Copernicus. Apa ndipamene mfundo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri za jenereta ya chisinthiko cha Lindblad-Kossakovsky ndi Yamiolkovsky isomorphism zidayambitsidwa mu sayansi yasayansi. Prof. Ingarden idakhala yolondola pakufunika kofunikira kwa lingaliro lachidziwitso mufizikiki.
M'zaka za m'ma 90, chifukwa cha chitukuko chofulumira cha njira zoyesera za quantum physics, kuyesa koyamba kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu za quantum monga photons kusunga ndi kutumiza zambiri. Chochitika ichi chinatsegula njira yopangira matekinoloje atsopano apamwamba kwambiri a quantum communication. Zotsatira zake zinachititsa chidwi kwambiri padziko lonse la sayansi ndi luso lazopangapanga. Chiphunzitso cha chidziwitso cha Quantum chakhala nthambi yokhazikika komanso yapamwamba kwambiri ya sayansi yamakono. Pakadali pano, nkhani zokhudzana ndi chidziwitso cha kuchuluka zikuphunziridwa m'malo ofufuza padziko lonse lapansi; iyi ndi imodzi mwamagawo odziwika bwino komanso otukuka kwambiri afizikiki okhala ndi tsogolo labwino.
Makompyuta amakono amagwira ntchito molingana ndi malamulo a classical physics. Komabe, mabwalo apakompyuta akukhala ochepa kwambiri kotero kuti posachedwa mudzazindikira zotsatira zomwe zili ndi dziko la quantum. Ndiye ndondomeko yeniyeni ya miniaturization idzatikakamiza kusintha malamulo a masewerawa kuchokera ku classical kupita ku quantum, akufotokoza chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha quantum computing, Dr. Milos Michalsky wochokera ku Dipatimenti ya Theoretical Physics ya Institute of Physics ya Nicolaus Copernicus. Yunivesite. . Zambiri za Quantum zili ndi zinthu zambiri zopanda nzeru, monga zosatheka kukopera, pomwe kukopera zachikale sizovuta. Zadziwikanso posachedwa kuti chidziwitso cha quantum chikhoza kukhala choyipa, chomwe chimakhala chodabwitsa kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri timayembekezera kuti dongosololi, litalandira gawo la chidziwitso, lidzakhala ndi zambiri. Komabe, chochititsa chidwi kwambiri, kuchokera kumalingaliro akale aumunthu, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo katundu wothandiza kwambiri wa mayiko a quantum monga onyamulira chidziwitso cha quantum ndi kuthekera kopanga ma superpositions a mayiko kuchokera kwa iwo.
Makompyuta amakono amagwira ntchito ndi zida zakale, zomwe nthawi iliyonse zimatha kukhala m'modzi mwa zigawo ziwiri, zomwe zimatchedwa "0" ndi "1". Ma quantum bits ndi osiyana: amatha kukhalapo muzosakaniza zilizonse (zowonjezera) za mayiko, ndipo pokhapokha titaziwerenga, zikhalidwe zimatengera mtengo "0" kapena "1". Kusiyanaku kumatha kuwoneka ndi kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso chomwe chimakonzedwa. Kompyuta yachikale ya 10-bit imatha kukonza chimodzi mwazolemba za 1024 (2 ^ 10) za kaundula wotere mu sitepe imodzi, koma kompyuta ya quantum-bit imatha kuwakonza onse? komanso mu sitepe imodzi.
Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa ma quantum bits kuti, tinene, 100 idzatsegula mwayi wokonza maiko opitilira mabiliyoni mabiliyoni chikwi munthawi imodzi. Chifukwa chake, makompyuta omwe akugwira ntchito ndi kuchuluka kwa ma quantum bits amatha, munthawi yochepa kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zosinthira deta ya quantum, mwachitsanzo, zokhudzana ndi kuyika kwa manambala achilengedwe kukhala zinthu zazikulu. M’malo mowerengera zaka mamiliyoni ambiri, zotsatira zake zidzakhala zokonzeka m’maola ochepa chabe kapenanso mphindi.
Zambiri za Quantum zapeza kale ntchito yake yoyamba yamalonda. Zipangizo za Quantum cryptography, njira zolembera ma data momwe malamulo ochulukira osinthira zidziwitso amatsimikizira chinsinsi chonse cha zomwe zasinthidwa, zakhala zikupezeka pamsika kwa zaka zingapo. Pakalipano, kubisa kwa quantum kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabanki ena, m'tsogolomu teknoloji idzalephera ndikulola, mwachitsanzo, kutetezedwa kwathunthu kwa ATM kapena kugwirizana kwa intaneti. Lofalitsidwa kawiri pamwezi "Reports on Mathematical Physics", yomwe ikuwonetsa ntchito yoyambitsa upainiya ya Prof. Ingarden Quantum Information Theory, ndi imodzi mwa mabuku awiri ofalitsidwa ndi Dipatimenti ya Masamu Fiziki ya Institute of Physics ya yunivesite ya Nicolaus Copernicus; ina ndi "Open Systems and Information Dynamics". Magazini onsewa ali pamndandanda wa Philadelphia Thomson Scientific Master Journal wa magazini otchuka kwambiri asayansi. Kuphatikiza apo, "Open Systems and Information Dynamics" ikuphatikizidwa m'gulu la magazini asayansi anayi (pa 60) aku Poland omwe ali ndi zigoli zapamwamba kwambiri paudindo wa Unduna wa Sayansi ndi Maphunziro Apamwamba. (Nkhaniyi idachokera ku National Laboratory of Quantum Technologies and Institute of Physics ya Nicolaus Copernicus University ku Toruń)
