Pamene ecology ikutsutsana ndi zothandizira zongowonjezwdwa

Magulu omenyera zachilengedwe posachedwa adadzudzula Banki Yadziko Lonse chifukwa cha ngongole yomanga dziwe la Inga 3 pamtsinje wotchedwa Congo. Imeneyi ndi gawo lina la ntchito yaikulu yopangira magetsi pamadzi imene ikuyenera kupatsa dziko lalikulu kwambiri la mu Africa 90 peresenti ya magetsi amene likufunika (1).

1. Kumanga siteshoni yamagetsi ya Inga-1 ku Congo, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1971.

Akatswiri a zachilengedwe amati idzapita kumizinda ikuluikulu komanso yolemera. M'malo mwake, akuganiza zomanga ma micro-installations pogwiritsa ntchito ma solar. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mbali za nkhondo zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi nkhope yamphamvu ya dziko lapansi.

Vuto, lomwe pang’ono limakhudza dziko la Poland, ndilo kufutukuka kwa ulamuliro wa mayiko otukuka m’mayiko osauka n’kufika pa nkhani ya umisiri watsopano wa mphamvu zamagetsi.

Sizokhudza kulamulira kokha pankhani ya kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi luso lamakono, komanso kukakamiza mayiko osauka kuti achoke ku mitundu ina ya mphamvu yomwe imathandizira kwambiri kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide, kupita kudziko lina. mphamvu yochepa ya carbon. Nthawi zina zododometsa zimabuka polimbana ndi omwe ali ndi gawo laukadaulo komanso gawo landale.

Nayi bungwe la Breakthrough Institute ku California, lomwe limadziwika ndi kulimbikitsa njira zamagetsi zamagetsi, mu lipoti la "Our High Energy Planet" akuti Kupititsa patsogolo minda ya dzuwa ndi mitundu ina ya mphamvu zowonjezereka m'mayiko a Third World ndi neo-colonial ndi zosagwirizana, chifukwa zimabweretsa kulepheretsa chitukuko cha mayiko osauka m'dzina la zofunikira za chilengedwe.

Dziko Lachitatu: Low Tech Proposal

2. Mphamvu yokoka

Mphamvu ya carbon yochepa ndi kupanga mphamvu pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje ndi njira zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri mpweya wa carbon.

Izi zikuphatikizapo mphepo, mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi madzi - kutengera ntchito yomanga fakitale yopangira magetsi amadzi, mphamvu ya geothermal ndi kukhazikitsa pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde a m'nyanja.

Mphamvu ya nyukiliya imatengedwa kuti ndi yotsika kwambiri, koma imakhala yotsutsana chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mafuta osasinthika.

Ngakhale matekinoloje oyatsa mafuta oyaka mafuta amatha kuonedwa ngati mpweya wochepa, malinga ngati aphatikizidwa ndi njira zochepetsera komanso / kapena kugwira CO2.

Mayiko adziko lachitatu nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa njira zamagetsi "zochepetsetsa" zomwe zimapanga mphamvu zoyerakoma pa micro scale. Izi, mwachitsanzo, ndi mapangidwe a chipangizo chounikira chokoka cha GravityLight (2), chomwe cholinga chake chinali kuunikira madera akutali a dziko lachitatu.

Mtengo umachokera ku 30 mpaka 45 PLN pachidutswa chilichonse. GravityLight yapachikika padenga. Chingwe chimapachikidwa pa chipangizocho, pomwe thumba lodzaza ndi ma kilogalamu asanu ndi anayi a nthaka ndi miyala limakhazikika. Pamene ikutsika, ballast imazungulira cogwheel mkati mwa GravityLight.

Imatembenuza liwiro lotsika kupita ku liwiro lalikulu kudzera mu bokosi la gear - zokwanira kuyendetsa jenereta yaying'ono pa 1500 mpaka 2000 rpm. Jenereta imapanga magetsi omwe amayatsa nyali. Kuti mtengo ukhale wotsika, mbali zambiri za chipangizocho ndi zapulasitiki.

Kutsitsa kumodzi kwa thumba la ballast ndikokwanira kwa theka la ola la kuwala. Lingaliro lina achangu komanso aukhondo pali chimbudzi cha dzuwa cha mayiko achitatu padziko lapansi. Mapangidwe amtundu wa Sol-Char (3) alibe chithandizo. Olemba, Reinvent the Toilet, adathandizidwa ndi Bill Gates mwiniwake ndi maziko ake, oyendetsedwa ndi mkazi wake Melinda.

Cholinga cha polojekitiyi chinali kupanga "chimbudzi chaukhondo chopanda madzi chomwe sichifuna kulumikizidwa ndi ngalande" pamtengo wochepera masenti 5 patsiku. Mu chitsanzo, ndowe zimasinthidwa kukhala mafuta. Dongosolo la Sol-Char limawatentha mpaka pafupifupi 315 ° C. Gwero la mphamvu zofunika kuchita zimenezi ndi dzuwa. Zotsatira za ndondomekoyi ndi chinthu chambiri chofanana ndi makala, chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mafuta kapena feteleza.

Opanga mapangidwe amatsindika makhalidwe ake aukhondo. Akuti ana 1,5 miliyoni amamwalira padziko lonse chaka chilichonse chifukwa cholephera kusamalira bwino zinyalala za anthu. Sizongochitika mwangozi kuti chipangizochi chinayambika ku New Delhi, India, komwe vutoli, monganso ku India, ndilovuta kwambiri.

Atomu ikhoza kukhala yochulukirapo, koma ...

Panthawiyi, magazini ya NewScientist imagwira mawu David Oakwell wa pa yunivesite ya Sussex. Pamsonkhano waposachedwa ku UK, adapereka anthu okwana 300 kwa nthawi yoyamba. mabanja ku Kenya okhala ndi mapanelo adzuwa (4).

4. Solar panel padenga la kanyumba ku Kenya.

Pambuyo pake, komabe, adavomereza poyankhulana kuti mphamvu yochokera ku gwero ili ndi yokwanira ... kulipira foni, kuyatsa mababu angapo apanyumba ndipo, mwinamwake, kuyatsa wailesi, koma madzi otentha mu ketulo amakhalabe osafikirika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. . . Zachidziwikire, aku Kenya angakonde kulumikizidwa ndi gridi yamagetsi wamba.

Tikuchulukirachulukira kumva kuti anthu omwe ali osauka kale kuposa a ku Ulaya kapena aku America sayenera kunyamula ndalama zambiri zakusintha kwanyengo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti matekinoloje opangira mphamvu monga hydroelectric power kapena nyukiliya nawonso carbon low. Komabe, mabungwe oteteza zachilengedwe ndi omenyera ufulu sakonda njirazi komanso ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi ma reactors ndi madamu m'maiko ambiri.

Zoonadi, osati otsutsa okha, komanso akatswiri ofufuza amadzimadzi amakayikira za atomu ndi malingaliro a zachuma popanga zipangizo zazikulu zamagetsi zamagetsi. Bent Flivbjerg waku University of Oxford posachedwapa adasindikiza kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kwa mapulojekiti 234 amagetsi opangidwa ndi madzi pakati pa 1934 ndi 2007.

Zikuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi ndalama zonse zidapitilira ndalama zomwe zidakonzedwa kawiri, zidayamba kugwira ntchito patatha zaka zomaliza ndipo sizili bwino pazachuma, osabweza ndalama zomanga zikafika bwino. Kuonjezera apo, pali chitsanzo china - pulojekiti yaikulu, "mavuto" a zachuma.

Komabe, vuto lalikulu mu gawo la mphamvu ndi zowonongeka komanso nkhani ya kutaya kwawo kotetezeka ndi kusunga. Ndipo ngakhale kuti ngozi zamagetsi a nyukiliya zimachitika kawirikawiri, chitsanzo cha Fukushima ya ku Japan chimasonyeza momwe zimakhalira zovuta kuthana ndi zomwe zimachokera ku ngozi yoteroyo, zomwe zimatuluka kuchokera kumagetsi ndikukhalabe m'malo kapena m'deralo. ma alarm akuluakulu apita. achotsedwa ...