Kodi zovuta za injini ya dizilo ndi ziti? [utsogoleri]

Nthawi zambiri m'nkhani za injini za dizilo za Common Rail, mawu oti "zowonongeka" amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani ndipo zikutanthauza chiyani? Kodi ndiyenera kusamala chiyani ndikagula injini ya dizilo ya njanji? 

Pachiyambi, mwachidule za mapangidwe a Common Rail fuel system. Dizilo Traditional ali mapampu awiri mafuta - otsika kuthamanga ndi otchedwa. jekeseni, i.e. kuthamanga kwambiri. Pokhapokha mu injini za TDI (PD) pomwe pampu ya jakisoni idasinthidwa ndi zomwe zimatchedwa. jekeseni pompa. Komabe, Common Rail ndichinthu chosiyana kwambiri, chosavuta. Pali pampu yothamanga kwambiri, yomwe imadziunjikira mafuta omwe amayamwa kuchokera ku thanki kupita ku mzere wamafuta / njanji yogawa (Common Rail), komwe amalowetsa majekeseni. Popeza majekeseniwa ali ndi ntchito imodzi yokha - kutsegula panthawi inayake komanso kwa nthawi ndithu, ndizosavuta (zongoyerekeza, chifukwa m'zochita zimakhala zolondola kwambiri), choncho zimagwira ntchito molondola komanso mofulumira, zomwe zimapangitsa injini za dizilo za Common Rail. zachuma.

Cholakwika ndi chiyani ndi injini ya dizilo wamba njanji?

Thanki mafuta - kale mu injini za dizilo zazitali zokhala ndi mtunda wautali (kuwonjezera mafuta pafupipafupi) pali zonyansa zambiri mu thanki zomwe zimatha kulowa pampu ya jekeseni ndi ma nozzles, ndikuzilepheretsa. Pampu yamafuta ikaphwanyidwa, utuchi umakhalabe m'dongosolo, zomwe zimakhala ngati zonyansa, koma zimawononga kwambiri. Nthawi zina choziziritsira mafuta chimachotsedwanso (kukonza zotsika mtengo) chifukwa chikutha.

Fyuluta yamafuta - chosankhidwa molakwika, choipitsidwa kapena chosawoneka bwino chingayambitse mavuto poyambira, komanso kutsika kwa "zachilendo" kutsika mu njanji yamafuta, zomwe zimatsogolera ku injini kupita kunjira yadzidzidzi.

Pampu yamafuta (high pressure) - nthawi zambiri zimangowonongeka, zida zosauka zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa injini za Common Rail chifukwa chosowa chidziwitso cha opanga. Kulephera koyambirira kwa mpope pambuyo posinthidwa kungakhale chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa zonyansa mu dongosolo la mafuta.

Nozzles - ndi zipangizo zolondola kwambiri mu dongosolo la Common Rail ndipo motero zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuwonongeka, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta otsika kwambiri kapena kuipitsidwa kale mu dongosolo. Masitima apamtunda oyambilira anali ndi osadalirika, koma osavuta komanso otsika mtengo opangiranso majekeseni amagetsi. Zatsopano, za piezoelectric ndizolondola kwambiri, zokhazikika, zocheperapo mwangozi, koma zokwera mtengo kukonzanso, ndipo izi sizingatheke nthawi zonse.

njanji ya jakisoni - mosiyana ndi maonekedwe, imathanso kuyambitsa mavuto, ngakhale ndizovuta kuitcha kuti chinthu chachikulu. Pamodzi ndi sensor pressure ndi valve, imakhala ngati yosungirako. Tsoka ilo, ngati, mwachitsanzo, pampu yodzaza, dothi limadziunjikiranso ndipo ndi loopsa kwambiri kotero kuti lili patsogolo pa ma nozzles osakhwima. Chifukwa chake, zikawonongeka, mizere ya njanji ndi jakisoni iyenera kusinthidwa ndi ina. Ngati mavuto ena achitika, kusintha kokha kwa sensa kapena valve kumathandiza.

zokopa zokopa - Ma injini ambiri a dizilo a Common Rail ali ndi zomwe zimatchedwa swirl flaps zomwe zimayendetsa kutalika kwa madoko olowera, zomwe ziyenera kulimbikitsa kuyaka kwa osakaniza kutengera liwiro la injini ndi katundu. M'malo mwake, ambiri mwa machitidwewa pali vuto la kuipitsidwa kwa ma carbon dampers, kutsekeka kwawo, ndipo mu injini zina zimasweka ndikulowa muzolowera zolowera kutsogolo kwa ma valve. Nthawi zina, monga mayunitsi a Fiat 1.9 JTD kapena BMW 2.0di 3.0d, izi zidatha pakuwonongeka kwa injini.

Turbocharger - ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zovomerezeka, ngakhale sizikugwirizana ndi dongosolo la Common Rail. Komabe, palibe injini ya dizilo ndi CR popanda supercharger, kotero turbocharger ndi zofooka zake ndi tingachipeze powerenga pamene tikulankhula za injini dizilo.

Wothamanga - The charge air cooler monga gawo la boost system makamaka imabweretsa mavuto kutayikira. Pakachitika kulephera kwa turbocharger, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe cholumikizira ndi chatsopano, ngakhale ndi anthu ochepa omwe amachita izi.

Dual misa gudumu - Ma injini a dizilo ang'onoang'ono komanso ofooka a Common Rail ndi omwe ali ndi clutch yopanda mawilo awiri. Ambiri ali ndi yankho lomwe nthawi zina limayambitsa mavuto monga kugwedezeka kapena phokoso.

Njira zoyeretsera gasi wotulutsa mpweya - Madizilo a Common Rail amangogwiritsa ntchito ma valve a EGR okha. Kenako panadza zosefera za dizilo za DPF kapena FAP, ndipo pomaliza, kutsatira muyezo wa Euro 6 emission, komanso NOx catalysts, i.e. Mapulogalamu a SCR. Aliyense wa iwo akulimbana ndi kutsekeka kwa zinthu zomwe zimayenera kuyeretsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, komanso kuyang'anira njira zoyeretsera. Pankhani ya fyuluta ya DPF, izi zitha kupangitsa kuti mafuta a injini asungunuke kwambiri ndi mafuta, ndipo pamapeto pake amadzaza mphamvu yamagetsi.