Kodi mphamvu ya mafuta mu injini iyenera kukhala chiyani? Chifukwa chiyani kuthamanga kumatsika kapena kukwera?
Kuthamanga kwamafuta mu injini ndi gawo lomwe magwiridwe antchito amatengera mphamvu. Komabe, ngati mutafunsa mwiniwake wa galimoto funso lakuti: "Kodi mafuta ayenera kukhala otani mu injini?", Iye sangathe kupereka yankho lomveka bwino kwa izo.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti m'magalimoto ambiri amakono mulibe choyezera chosiyana pazida zomwe zikuwonetsa chizindikiro ichi. Ndipo kusagwira ntchito bwino mu dongosolo lopaka mafuta kumasonyezedwa ndi kuwala kofiyira mu mawonekedwe a madzi okwanira. Ngati akuyatsa, ndiye kuti kuthamanga kwa mafuta kwawonjezeka kwambiri kapena kutsika pamtengo wovuta. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuyimitsa galimoto ndikuthana ndi vutoli.
Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chimatsimikizira kuthamanga kwa mafuta mu injini?
Kuthamanga kwa mafuta mu injini sikuli mtengo wokhazikika, kutengera magawo ambiri. Wopanga magalimoto aliyense amatchula malire ovomerezeka. Mwachitsanzo, ngati titenga data yamtundu wamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagalimoto, ndiye kuti zovomerezeka ziziwoneka motere:
- 1.6 ndi 2.0 lita injini ya petulo - 2 atmospheres opanda ntchito, 2.7-4.5 atm. pa 2000 rpm;
- 1.8 malita - 1.3 pozizira, 3.5-4.5 atm. pa 2000 rpm;
- 3.0 lita injini - 1.8 pa x.x., ndi 4.0 atm. pa 2000 rpm.
Kwa injini za dizilo, chithunzicho ndi chosiyana pang'ono. Kuthamanga kwa mafuta pa iwo ndi kochepa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati titenga injini zodziwika bwino za TDI zokhala ndi malita 1.8-2.0, ndiye kuti popanda ntchito, kuthamanga ndi 0.8 atm. Mukatsitsimutsa ndikusintha magiya apamwamba pa 2000 rpm, kupanikizika kumakwera mpaka maatmospheres awiri.
Kumbukirani kuti iyi ndi data yokhayo yamitundu ina yamagetsi. Zikuwonekeratu kuti ndi kuwonjezeka kwa liwiro mpaka mphamvu yaikulu, chizindikiro ichi chidzakula kwambiri. Mulingo wofunikira umapopedwa mothandizidwa ndi chipangizo chofunikira kwambiri mu dongosolo lopaka mafuta ngati pampu yamafuta. Ntchito yake ndikukakamiza mafuta a injini kuti azungulire mu jekete ya injini ndikutsuka zinthu zonse zachitsulo zomwe zimagwirizana: makoma a pistoni ndi masilindala, magazini a crankshaft, makina a valve ndi camshaft.
Kutsika kwa kupanikizika, komanso kuwonjezeka kwake kwakukulu, ndizochitika zoopsa. Ngati simusamala chithunzi choyaka pagulu mu nthawi, zotsatira zake zidzakhala zowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa panjala yamafuta, gulu lamtengo wapatali la silinda-pistoni ndi crankshaft zimavala mwachangu.
Chifukwa chiyani kuthamanga kwa mafuta ndikwachilendo?
Kupanikizika kwakukulu kumapangitsa kuti mafuta ayambe kutuluka kuchokera pansi pa zisindikizo ndi chivundikiro cha valve, amalowa m'zipinda zoyaka moto, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa ndi ntchito yosasunthika ya injini ndi kutulutsa mpweya ndi fungo lochokera ku muffler. Kuonjezera apo, mafuta amayamba kupanga thovu pamene zotsutsana ndi crankshaft zimazungulira. Mwachidule, zinthu sizili zosangalatsa, zomwe zimatsogolera ku zinyalala zazikulu, mpaka kukonzanso kwakukulu.
Chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika:
- mafuta osankhidwa bwino, owoneka bwino kwambiri;
- mafuta achilengedwe;
- kutsekereza mapaipi amafuta, opangira mafuta ndi ngalande - chifukwa cha kutsekeka kapena kuwonjezereka kwa mamasukidwe;
- fyuluta yotsekeka;
- kulephera kwa valve kuchepetsa kapena bypass;
- kupanikizika kwambiri kwa gasi mu crankcase chifukwa cha cholakwika cholekanitsa mafuta.
Mavutowa angathetsedwe posintha mafuta ndi fyuluta. Chabwino, ngati mavavu, cholekanitsa mafuta kapena mpope sichigwira ntchito bwino, ziyenera kusinthidwa. Palibe njira ina yotulukira.
Zindikirani kuti kuthamanga kwambiri ndizovuta kwambiri ngakhale magalimoto atsopano. Koma ngati iyamba kugwa, ichi ndi chifukwa choganiza kale, chifukwa aliyense amadziwa kuti kutsika kwa mafuta ndi chizindikiro cha injini yowonongeka ndi kukonzanso komwe kukubwera. Chifukwa chiyani mafuta amatsika?
Ngati titaya chifukwa chake ngati mulingo wosakwanira chifukwa cha kuyiwala kwa eni galimoto, ndiye kuti zifukwa zina zitha kukhala motere:
- kuwonongeka (kumamatira) kwa valve yochepetsera kuthamanga;
- kuchepetsedwa kwamafuta chifukwa cha kuvala kwa silinda yamutu wa gasket ndi kulowa kwa antifreeze mu crankcase;
- kusakwanira mamasukidwe akayendedwe a injini mafuta;
- kuchuluka kwa magawo a pampu yamafuta, mphete za pistoni, zolumikizira ndodo za crankshaft.
Ngati pali kuvala pazigawo za injini, ndiye kuti kutsika kwapakati kumayendera limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa psinjika. Zizindikiro zina zimachitira umboni izi: kuchulukirachulukira kwamafuta ndi mafuta omwewo, kutsika kwa injini, kusasunthika kosasunthika komanso kusinthira kumayendedwe osiyanasiyana.
Kodi nditani kuti chitsenderezo chisagwe?
Choyamba, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti sensor yokakamiza ikugwira ntchito bwino. Pamene kuwala kokhala ndi madzi okwanira pazitsulo zopangira zida kumawunikira kapena kuwunikira, timayimitsa galimotoyo, timatsegula hood ndikuyesa kupanikizika pogwiritsa ntchito makina apadera. Kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwamagetsi kumasokonekera pamalo a sensor pa injini. Galimoto iyenera kukhala yotentha. Timakonza kukakamiza mu crankcase osagwira ntchito komanso pa 2000 rpm. Tiyeni tione tebulo.
Kuti kukakamizidwa kukhale koyenera nthawi zonse, muyenera kutsatira malamulo awa:
- lembani mafuta omwe akulimbikitsidwa ndi wopanga molingana ndi makulidwe a viscosity - takambirana kale mutuwu pa vodi.su;
- timawona pafupipafupi kusintha mafuta ndi mafuta fyuluta;
- nthawi zonse muzitsuka injini ndi zowonjezera kapena mafuta otsuka;
- ngati zizindikiro zokayikitsa zapezeka, timapita kukayezetsa matenda kuti tidziwe msanga chomwe chimayambitsa.
Chosavuta chomwe mwini galimoto angachite ndikuyezera kuchuluka kwamafuta mu crankcase ndi dipstick. Ngati mafuta ali ndi tinthu tachitsulo ndi zonyansa, ziyenera kusinthidwa.
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