Kodi kusankha, kukonza ndi kukhazikitsa crankshaft pa Vaz 2106

Injini yoyaka mkati sitingaganizidwe popanda crankshaft, chifukwa ndi gawo ili lomwe limakulolani kusuntha galimoto pamalo ake. Ma pistoni amadziwika ndi kumasulira kokha, ndipo kutumizira kumafuna torque, yomwe ingapezeke chifukwa cha crankshaft. M'kupita kwa nthawi, makinawo amatha ndipo amafunika kukonzanso. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa zoyenera kuchita komanso motsatana, zida zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito.

N'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera crankshaft mu injini Vaz 2106

Crankshaft (crankshaft) ndi gawo lofunikira la makina opangira injini iliyonse. Ntchito ya unit cholinga chake ndi kutembenuza mphamvu ya mpweya woyaka mu mphamvu yamakina.

Kufotokozera za crankshaft VAZ 2106

Crankshaft ili ndi mapangidwe ovuta kwambiri, okhala ndi zolemba zolumikizira zomwe zili pamtunda womwewo, womwe umalumikizidwa ndi masaya apadera. Chiwerengero cha kulumikiza ndodo magazini pa injini Vaz 2106 ndi zinayi, lolingana ndi chiwerengero cha masilindala. Ndodo zogwirizanitsa zimagwirizanitsa zolemba pa shaft ku pistoni, zomwe zimabweretsa mayendedwe obwerezabwereza.

Ganizirani zinthu zazikulu za crankshaft:

1. Mabuku akuluakulu ndi gawo lothandizira la shaft ndipo amaikidwa pazitsulo zazikulu (zomwe zili mu crankcase).
2. Kulumikiza makosi a ndodo. Gawoli lapangidwa kuti lilumikize crankshaft ndi ndodo zolumikizira. Zolemba zolumikizira ndodo, mosiyana ndi zazikuluzikulu, zimakhala ndi kusamuka kosalekeza kumbali.
3. Masaya - gawo limene limapereka kugwirizana kwa mitundu iwiri ya shaft magazini.
4. Counterweights - chinthu chomwe chimalinganiza kulemera kwa ndodo zolumikizira ndi pistoni.
5. Kutsogolo kwa shaft ndi gawo lomwe pulley ndi zida zamakina a nthawi zimayikidwa.
6. Kumbuyo kumapeto. Kumeneko kumamangiriridwa ndi gudumu lowuluka.

Mwadongosolo, crankshaft imakhala ndi ndodo yolumikizira ndi magazini akuluakulu, masaya, zotsutsana.

Zisindikizo zimayikidwa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa crankshaft - zisindikizo zamafuta, zomwe zimalepheretsa mafuta kuthawira kunja. Makina onse a crankshaft amazungulira chifukwa cha mayendedwe apadera (ma liners). Mbali imeneyi ndi mbale yachitsulo yopyapyala yokhala ndi zinthu zochepa zogundana. Pofuna kuteteza tsinde kuti lisasunthike motsatira nsonga, thrust bear imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga crankshaft ndi chitsulo cha carbon kapena alloy, komanso chitsulo chosinthidwa, ndipo kupanga kokha kumachitidwa ndi kuponyera kapena kupondaponda.

Crankshaft ya mphamvu ya unit ili ndi chipangizo chovuta, koma mfundo ya ntchito yake ndi yosavuta. Mu masilinda a injini, kusakaniza kwamafuta ndi mpweya kumayaka ndikuyaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya utuluke. Pakukulitsa, mpweya umagwira ntchito pa pistoni, zomwe zimatsogolera kumayendedwe omasulira. Mphamvu zamakina zochokera kuzinthu za pisitoni zimasamutsidwa ku ndodo zolumikizira, zomwe zimalumikizidwa nazo kudzera m'manja ndi piston.

Chinthu monga ndodo yolumikizira chimalumikizidwa ndi crankshaft magazine pogwiritsa ntchito choyikapo. Zotsatira zake, mayendedwe omasulira a piston amasinthidwa kukhala kuzungulira kwa crankshaft. Tsinde likatembenuza theka (kutembenuza 180˚), crankpin imabwerera mmbuyo, motero kuonetsetsa kuti pisitoni yabwerera. Ndiye kuzungulira kumabwerezedwa.

Ndodo yolumikizira idapangidwa kuti ilumikize pisitoni ku crankshaft

Chofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa crankshaft ndi njira yopaka mafuta pamalo opaka mafuta, kuphatikiza ndodo yolumikizira ndi magazini akulu. Ndikofunikira kudziwa ndikukumbukira kuti mafuta opangira shaft amapezeka pansi pa kupsinjika, komwe kumapangidwa ndi pampu yamafuta. Mafuta amaperekedwa ku magazini yayikulu iliyonse mosiyana ndi makina onse opaka mafuta. Lubricant imaperekedwa ku makosi a ndodo zolumikizira kudzera munjira zapadera zomwe zili m'mabuku akuluakulu.

Miyezo ya khosi

Zolemba zazikulu ndi zolumikizira ndodo zimatha ngati injini ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimabweretsa kuphwanya magwiridwe antchito olondola amagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuvala kumatha kulumikizidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamavuto a injini. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• kutsika kwamphamvu mu dongosolo lopaka mafuta;
• kuchepa kwa mafuta m'thupi;
• kutenthedwa kwa injini, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchepetsedwa kwa mafuta;
• mafuta opanda khalidwe;
• kutsekeka kwakukulu kwa fyuluta yamafuta.

Tsinde litatha kuphwanyidwa liyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti likugwirizana ndi kukula kwake, ndiyeno ganizirani: kugaya kumafunika kapena ayi.

Ma nuances omwe atchulidwa amatsogolera kuwonongeka pamwamba pa shaft magazini, zomwe zimasonyeza kufunikira kokonzanso kapena kusinthidwa kwa msonkhano. Kuti muwone kuvala kwa makosi, muyenera kudziwa miyeso yawo, yomwe ikuwonetsedwa patebulo.

Table: crankshaft journal diameters

chingwe cholumikizira					Wachibadwidwe
Mwadzina	Kukonza				Mwadzina	Kukonza
	0,25	0,5	0,75	1		0,25	0,5	0,75	1
47,814	47,564	47,314	47,064	46,814	50,775	50,525	50,275	50,025	49,775
47,834	47,584	47,334	47,084	46,834	50,795	50,545	50,295	50,045	49,795

Zoyenera kuchita atavala makosi

Kodi ntchito kuvala magazini crankshaft pa Vaz 2106 ndi chiyani? Choyamba, kuthetsa mavuto kumachitika, miyeso imatengedwa ndi micrometer, pambuyo pake magazini a crankshaft amapukutidwa pazida zapadera kuti akonze kukula. M'magalasi, njirayi siyingachitike. Kupera kwa makosi kumachitika mpaka kukula kwapafupi (kutengera matebulo operekedwa). Pambuyo pokonza, zingwe zolimba (kukonza) zimayikidwa molingana ndi kukula kwa makosi.

Kuti muwone momwe crankshaft ilili musanayambe kapena ikupera, gwiritsani ntchito micrometer

Ngati injini ikuwongoleredwa, sikungakhale kofunikira kuyang'ana pampu yamafuta, kuwomba ngalande zamafuta amtundu wa silinda, komanso crankshaft yokha. Chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa ku kachitidwe kozizirirako. Ngati pali zizindikiro zowonongeka kapena zowonongeka pazinthu za injini kapena machitidwe ake, zigawo ndi njira ziyenera kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa.

Video: akupera crankshaft pamakina

Kugaya magazini a crankshaft 02

Kusankhidwa kwa Crankshaft

Kufunika kusankha crankshaft Vaz 2106, ngati galimoto ina iliyonse, amadza pamene kukonza injini kapena kusintha injini. Mosasamala kanthu za ntchitozo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti crankshaft iyenera kukhala yolemetsa, yokhala ndi zolemetsa zolemetsa. Ngati gawolo lasankhidwa bwino, kuwonongeka kwa makina kudzachepetsedwa kwambiri, komanso katundu wina pamakina.

Posankha node, ngakhale ili yatsopano, kuyang'anitsitsa kumaperekedwa pamwamba pake: sikuyenera kukhala ndi zolakwika zowoneka, monga zokopa, chips, scuffs. Komanso, chidwi amaperekedwa kwa angapo makhalidwe crankshaft, ndicho coaxiality, ovality, taper ndi awiri a makosi. Pakuphatikiza kwa injini, crankshaft imakhazikika kuti igwirizane ndi zinthu zonse zozungulira. Kwa njirayi, kuyimitsidwa kwapadera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamapeto pa kusanja, konzani flywheel ndikupitiriza ndondomekoyi kachiwiri. Pambuyo pake, dengu la clutch ndi zinthu zina (pulleys) zimayikidwa. Palibe chifukwa cholumikizirana ndi clutch disc.

Kuyika crankshaft pa VAZ 2106

Musanayambe kuyika crankshaft pa "zisanu ndi chimodzi", muyenera kukonzekera chipika cha silinda: kutsuka ndi kuyeretsa ku dothi, ndikuwumitsa. Kukhazikitsa sikutheka popanda zida, chifukwa chake muyenera kusamalira kukonzekera kwawo:

• makiyi akhazikitsidwa;
• screwdriwer set;
• micrometer;
• zogwiritsidwa ntchito (zolowetsa, zisindikizo, mphete za theka);
• makokedwe wrench.

Kuti mukweze shaft mu chipika, mudzafunika screwdrivers, wrenches, micrometer ndi consumables.

Crankshaft yonyamula

Kumbuyo kwa crankshaft ya VAZ 2106 kumayikidwa ndi khola lalikulu, komwe kumalowetsa shaft ya gearbox. Powonjezera mphamvu yamagetsi, zidzakhala zothandiza kuyang'ana momwe ntchito ikugwiritsidwira ntchito. Kuwonongeka kofala kwa gawoli ndikuwoneka kwamasewera ndi kugwedezeka. Kuti mulowe m'malo mwake, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chokoka chapadera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosavuta - kugogoda ndi nyundo ndi chisel. Kuphatikiza pa mfundo yakuti gawolo liyenera kuphwanyidwa, ndikofunikira kugula chinthu choyenera, chomwe ndi 15x35x14 mm.

Chomera cha crankshaft chili ndi khola lalikulu loyikamo shaft yolowetsamo gearbox

Zisindikizo za mafuta za crankshaft

Zisindikizo zamafuta zakutsogolo ndi zakumbuyo ziyenera kusinthidwa panthawi yokonza injini, mosasamala kanthu za moyo wawo wautumiki. Ndikosavuta kumasula akale ndikuyika makapu atsopano pa injini yochotsedwa. Zisindikizo zonsezi zimayikidwa muzophimba zapadera (kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo).

Chosindikizira chamafuta akutsogolo cha crankshaft chimayikidwa pachivundikiro chakutsogolo kwa chipika (chivundikiro chanthawi)

Sipayenera kukhala vuto lililonse pochotsa zisindikizo zakale zamafuta: choyamba, pogwiritsa ntchito adaputala (ndevu), chisindikizo chomwe chidayikidwa kale chimatulutsidwa, ndiyeno, pogwiritsa ntchito mandrel a kukula koyenera, gawo latsopano limakanikizidwa. Mukamagula ma cuffs atsopano, samalani ndi kukula kwake:

1. 40 * 56 * 7 kutsogolo;
2. 70*90*10 kumbuyo.

Chisindikizo chakumbuyo chamafuta chimayikidwa pachivundikiro chakumbuyo kwa chipikacho pokanikiza gawolo ndi mandrel oyenera.

Liners

Ngati zofooka zosiyanasiyana kapena zizindikiro za kuvala zimapezeka pamwamba pazitsulo, zitsulo ziyenera kusinthidwa, chifukwa sizingasinthidwe. Kuti mudziwe ngati zingwe zosweka zingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'tsogolomu, zidzakhala zofunikira kuyeza pakati pawo ndi ndodo yolumikizira, komanso magazini akuluakulu a shaft. Kwa magazini akuluakulu, kukula kovomerezeka ndi 0,15 mm, kulumikiza ndodo magazini - 0,1 mm. Pakadutsa malire ovomerezeka, zotengerazo ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi magawo okhala ndi makulidwe akulu pambuyo poti makosi atopa. Ndi kusankha koyenera kwa zingwe za kukula koyenera kwa khosi, kuzungulira kwa crankshaft kuyenera kukhala kwaulere.

mphete zatheka

Kuyika mphete za theka (crescents) kumateteza kusuntha kwa axial kwa crankshaft. Mofanana ndi liners, iwo sayenera kusinthidwa. Ndi zolakwika zowoneka za mphete za theka, gawolo liyenera kusinthidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ziyenera kusinthidwa ngati chilolezo cha axial cha crankshaft chikuposa chovomerezeka (0,35 mm). Ma crescents atsopano amasankhidwa malinga ndi makulidwe odziwika. Chilolezo cha axial pankhaniyi chiyenera kukhala 0,06-0,26 mm.

Pofuna kupewa kusuntha kwa axial kwa crankshaft, mphete za theka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mphete za theka zimayikidwa pa "zisanu ndi chimodzi" pachigawo chachikulu chachisanu (choyamba kuchokera ku flywheel). Zinthu zopangira zinthu zitha kukhala zosiyana:

• pa flywheel - mkuwa, ceramic-zitsulo, mkuwa;
• kuchokera kutsogolo - mkuwa, zitsulo-aluminium.

Ndi ziti mwa zigawo zomwe zalembedwa zomwe mungasankhe zimadalira zomwe mwini galimotoyo amakonda. Amisiri odziwa bwino amalangiza kukhazikitsa zinthu zamkuwa. Kuphatikiza pa zinthuzo, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa kuti mphete za theka zimakhala ndi mipata yopangira mafuta. Kutsogolo koyambira kumayikidwa ndi mipata kupita ku shaft, koyambira kumbuyo - kunja.

Momwe mungayikitsire crankshaft pa VAZ 2106

Pamene diagnostics zachitika, mavuto crankshaft, mwina wotopetsa, zida zofunika ndi mbali zakonzedwa, mukhoza kupitiriza kukhazikitsa limagwirira pa injini. The ndondomeko kukwera crankshaft pa "Lada" chitsanzo chachisanu ndi chimodzi tichipeza zotsatirazi:

1. Timakanikiza kunyamula shaft yolowera ya gearbox.
   

   Timayika zonyamula kumbuyo kwa crankshaft pogwiritsa ntchito mandrel oyenera.
2. Timayika mayendedwe a mizu. Msonkhanowo umachitika mosamala kuti asasokonezeke: zazikuluzikulu ndizokulirapo ndipo zimakhala ndi poyambira mafuta (kuyikapo popanda poyambira kumayikidwa pampando wachitatu), mosiyana ndi ndodo zolumikizira.
   

   Musanayambe kuyika crankshaft mu chipika, m'pofunika kukhazikitsa mayendedwe akuluakulu
3. Timayika mphete zatheka.
   

   Mphete za theka ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa bwino: yakutsogolo imayikidwa kutsinde, yakumbuyo ndi kunja.
4. Ikani mafuta a injini osayera m'mabuku a crankshaft.
5. Timayika shaft mu chipika cha injini.
   

   Crankshaft imayikidwa mosamala mu cylinder block, kupewa kugwedezeka
6. Timayika zophimba ndi zitsulo zazikulu ndi loko ku loko, kenako timazimitsa ndi torque ya 68-84 Nm, titatha kunyowetsa mabotolo ndi mafuta a injini.
   

   Mukayika zovundikira zokhala ndi mizu, zinthuzo ziyenera kuyika loko kuti zitseke
7. Timayika zipolopolo zolumikizira ndodo ndikukonza ndodo zolumikizira zokha ndi torque yosapitilira 54 Nm.
   

   Kuyika zitsulo zolumikizira ndodo, timayika theka la ndodo mu ndodo yolumikizira, ndiyeno, kuyika pisitoni mu silinda, ikani gawo lachiwiri ndikumangitsa.
8. Timayang'ana momwe crankshaft imazungulira: gawolo liyenera kuzungulira momasuka, popanda kupanikizana ndi kubwereranso.
9. Ikani chisindikizo chakumbuyo cha crankshaft.
10. Ikani chivundikiro cha thireyi.
    

    Kuti muyike chivundikiro cha pallet, muyenera kuvala gasket, chivundikirocho chokha, ndikuchikonza
11. Timayika promshaft ("piglet"), magiya, maunyolo.
    

    Timayika promshaft ndi magiya tisanayike chivundikiro cha nthawi
12. Timayika chivundikiro cha nthawi ndi chisindikizo cha mafuta.
    

    Chophimba chakutsogolo cha injini chimayikidwa pamodzi ndi chisindikizo chamafuta
13. Timayika pulley ya crankshaft ndikuyimanga ndi bolt 38.
    

    Titayika pulley ya crankshaft pa shaft, timayikonza ndi bawuti ya 38
14. Timayika zinthu zamakina anthawi, kuphatikiza mutu wa silinda.
15. Timakoka unyolo.
    

    Mukayika mutu ndikuteteza sprocket ku camshaft, muyenera kumangitsa unyolo.
16. Timayika zizindikiro pazitsulo zonse ziwiri.
    

    Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino injini, malo a camshaft ndi crankshaft amayikidwa molingana ndi zizindikiro
17. Timachita kukhazikitsa magawo otsala ndi misonkhano.

Kuti asindikize bwino, ma gaskets a injini akulimbikitsidwa kuti ayikidwe pogwiritsa ntchito sealant.

Video: kukhazikitsa crankshaft pa "classic"

Crankshaft VAZ "Kukhazikitsa mu chipika"

Crankshaft pulley

Jenereta ndi mpope wa madzi pa Vaz 2106 amayendetsedwa ndi lamba wa pulley crankshaft. Pochita ntchito yokonza ndi injini, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa ku chikhalidwe cha pulley: kodi pali kuwonongeka kulikonse (ming'alu, scuffs, dents). Ngati zolakwika zapezeka, gawolo liyenera kusinthidwa.

Mukakonza injini, yang'anani mosamala pulley ya crankshaft kuti iwonongeke. Ngati zolakwika zapezeka, gawolo liyenera kusinthidwa.

Pakuyika, pulley pa crankshaft iyenera kukhala yofanana, popanda kupotoza. Ngakhale kuti pulley imakhala yolimba kwambiri pamtengowo, fungulo limagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kupewa kuzungulira, komwe kungathenso kuwonongeka. Mbali yolakwika iyenera kusinthidwa.

Kuteteza pulley ya crankshaft kuti isatembenuke, makiyi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Gawolo likhoza kusweka pakapita nthawi, zomwe zikuwonetsa kufunikira kosintha.

Zizindikiro za Crankshaft

Kuti injini igwire ntchito bwino, mutatha kukhazikitsa crankshaft, malo oyenera oyatsira ndi ofunika. Pali kuphulika kwapadera pa crankshaft pulley, ndipo pa silinda pali zizindikiro zitatu (ziwiri zazifupi ndi zazitali imodzi) zogwirizana ndi nthawi yoyatsira. Ziwiri zoyamba zikuwonetsa ngodya ya 5˚ ndi 10˚, ndipo yayitali - 0˚ (TDC).

Pa crankshaft pulley ndi pa silinda pali zizindikiro zomwe pisitoni yoyamba imayikidwa ku TDC kuti iyatse bwino.

Chizindikiro pa crankshaft pulley chili moyang'anizana ndi kutalika kwa zoopsa zomwe zili pa cylinder block. Palinso chizindikiro pa camshaft sprocket yomwe iyenera kulumikizidwa ndi ebb panyumba yonyamula. Kuzungulira crankshaft, kiyi yapadera ya kukula koyenera imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Malinga ndi zolembedwa zolembedwa, pisitoni ya silinda yoyamba ili pakatikati pakufa, pomwe chowongolera pa chogawira choyatsira chiyenera kuyikidwa moyang'anizana ndi kukhudzana kwa silinda yoyamba.

Ngakhale kuti crankshaft ndi mbali yofunika ya injini iliyonse, ngakhale novice galimoto zimango akhoza kukonza limagwirira, kupatulapo siteji akupera. Chinthu chachikulu ndikusankha zinthu molingana ndi miyeso ya shaft, ndiyeno tsatirani malangizo atsatanetsatane a kusonkhanitsa.