Momwe matekinoloje a haibridi amagwirira ntchito m'magalimoto

Pakalipano, galimoto yosakanizidwa ya demokalase ili m'nthawi yake, nthawi ya kusintha pakati pa matenthedwe ndi magetsi, kotero magalimoto amagwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje awiriwa nthawi imodzi. Komabe, muyenera kudziwa kuti mawu odziwika padziko lonse lapansi amabisa matekinoloje osiyanasiyana, kuyambira ma hybrids osakanizidwa mpaka ma hybrids "olemera". Choncho tiyeni tione mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hybridizations yomwe ilipo, komanso ubwino ndi kuipa kwake.

Tisanaganizire zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamatekinoloje a magalimoto osakanizidwa (misonkhano yosiyana), tidzachita kaye gulu poyesa makina.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hybridization

Zophatikiza kwambiri MHEV yofooka ("microhybrid" / "FALSE" hybridization)

Voteji:	Pansi / 48V
Itha kuchangidwanso:	palibe
Kuyendetsa magetsi:	palibe
onenepa kwambiri:	<30kg
Kuchuluka kwa batri:	<0.8 mphindi

Miyezo ina ya hybridization ndi yopepuka kwambiri, izi zimachitika makamaka ndi 48V pamlingo wa crankshaft pulley (izi zisanachitike kuima ndikuyamba, woyambitsa jenereta sanalandire pano kuti athe kuthandiza injini. )... Wokhala ndi mabatire ang'onoang'ono osakwana 0.7 kWhSindimaona ukadaulo uwu kukhala wosakanizidwa kwenikweni. Mphamvu zopangidwa ndi chipangizo chamagetsi ndizosawerengeka kwambiri kuti sizingaganizidwe motere. Ndipo popeza torque imaperekedwa kumawilo kudzera mu mota (kudzera pa damper pulley), 100% kuyenda kwamagetsi sikungatheke. Chenjerani ndi alimi omwe amawonjezera matani ku teknoloji yamtunduwu, kukulolani kuti mukhulupirire kusakanizidwa kosasinthasintha (kwenikweni, ndizo zonse zomwe zimafunika kuti mupulumutse magalamu angapo a chilango cha chilengedwe). Chifukwa chake, ndikufuna kusiyanitsa kusakanizidwa uku ndi kotsatira.

Chenjerani ndi opanga omwe amagwiritsa ntchito izi mopitilira muyeso, kusakanizidwa kwa MHEV kumatha kufotokozedwa ngati "nthano" chifukwa ndizosawerengeka.

Mudzawazindikira ndi 48V kapena MHEV nomenclature. Titha kutchula, mwachitsanzo, e-TSI kapena Ecoboost MHEV.

wosakanizidwa wofatsa ("REAL" wosakanizidwa) HEV

Voteji:	Pamwamba / ~ 200 V
Itha kuchangidwanso:	palibe
Kuyendetsa magetsi:	inde
onenepa kwambiri:	30 ku 70 makilogalamu
Kuchuluka kwa batri:	1 mpaka 3 kWh

Chotero, sitilinso muno

kwambiri

kuwala komwe kumalonjeza pang'ono kwambiri (timachokera ku zosakwana 0.5 kWh kupita kuzinthu zomwe zimayambira 1 mpaka 3 kWh, kapena kuchokera ku 1 mpaka 3 km pamagetsi amagetsi). Chifukwa chake, apa tikukamba za kusakanizidwa kosavuta, komabe kusakanizidwa motsatizana (kuti zigwirizane ndi gulu lomwe lasonyezedwa pambuyo pa [PHEV], apa pali kusiyana kwa PHEV yowala kotero kuti sikungathekenso). Choncho, tikhoza kuyendetsa galimoto kwathunthu pa magetsi, ngakhale kuti ndi mtunda waufupi kwambiri. Cholinga apa ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito, osati kuphimba 100% ya mtunda woyenda wamagetsi. Nkhani yabwino kwambiri ndi ma spark plugs, malo omwe ma jakisoni amakono, otsika kwambiri amakhala opatsa mphamvu kwambiri (kusakaniza koziziritsa kwa injini komwe kumakonda kwambiri kuyatsa, koma iyi ndi gawo chabe la kufotokozera). Chifukwa chake simupeza chilichonse pamayendedwe: dziko / dipatimenti / magalimoto. M'nkhaniyi, mafuta a dizilo amakhalabe opindulitsa kwambiri (ndipo chifukwa cha dziko lapansi!).

Chodziwika kwambiri mwa zonse ndi Toyota HSD hybridization chifukwa chakhalapo kwa zaka zambiri! Choncho, ndizofala kwambiri ... Kudalirika kwake kumadziwika bwino ndipo ntchito yake ndi yoganizira kwambiri.

Posachedwapa, tikukamba za wosakanizidwa wa Renault E-Tech, womwe, monga Toyota, uli ndi matekinoloje omwe palibe wina aliyense ali nawo (apa simuli wothandizira zipangizo, koma mtundu umene unayambitsa). ... Ndizofanana ndi Mitsubishi IMMD.

PHEV plug-in hybrid ("REAL" wosakanizidwa)

Voteji:	Kwambiri / ~ 400 V
Itha kuchangidwanso:	inde
Kuyendetsa magetsi:	inde
onenepa kwambiri:	100 ku 500 makilogalamu
Kuchuluka kwa batri:	7 mpaka 30 kWh

Chosakanizidwa choterechi chikhoza kukhala "cholemera", chifukwa zida zapa bolodi sizikhala zoseketsa komanso zopepuka (kuyambira 100 mpaka 500 kg owonjezera: batire, zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi mota yamagetsi) ...

Kenako timatsitsa batire, yomwe imatha kuyambira 7 mpaka 30 kWh, yokwanira kuyendetsa kuchokera ku 20 mpaka pafupifupi 100 km, malingana ndi galimoto (yamakono kwambiri).

Monga momwe zilili ndi ma hybridization calibrations, tili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yaukadaulo. Timapezabe wosakanizidwa wa Renault E-Tech, koma apa walumikizidwa ndi batire yayikulu yowonjezedwanso kudzera pakunja. Chifukwa ngati Clio ili ndi 1.2 kWh yopepuka yopepuka, Captur kapena Mégane 4 ikhoza kupindula ndi 9.8 kWh version, yomwe tingayenerere kukhala wosakanizidwa kwambiri. X5 45e idzapindula ndi mtundu wa 24 kWh, womwe ndi wokwanira kuyenda 90 km pamagetsi onse.

Galimoto yamtunduwu imatha kuthamangira ku 130 km / h pamagetsi onse, opanga akuwoneka kuti adzikonza okha panjira iyi (amapereka pafupifupi chilichonse chofanana).

Ma hybrids ambiri amtunduwu amakhala ndi mota yamagetsi yomwe ili moyang'anizana ndi chosinthira cha clutch / torque, motero pakati pa injini ndi gearbox. Renault inawonjezera magetsi ndikuchotsa clutch, ndipo Toyota imagwiritsa ntchito sitima yapa pulaneti kuti igwirizanitse mphamvu zotentha ndi zamagetsi pamagudumu (kachitidwe ka HSD sikuyatsidwanso mukawonjezera batire ya 8.8 kWh. chotuluka).

Zomangamanga zosiyanasiyana zamagalimoto osakanizidwa

Kuwala msonkhano MHEV / yaying'ono wosakanizidwa 48V

Dongosololi limagwira ntchito pamagetsi otsika, omwe ndi 24 kapena 48 V (pafupifupi 48 V). Nthawi ino tikukamba za kukonza galimoto ndi "zabwino" zoyimitsa ndi kuyambitsa dongosolo, zomwe sizimangokhalira kuyambitsanso galimoto. Kuphatikiza apo, imathandizira injini yotentha ngakhale ikuyenda. Dongosololi silikulolani kuti mugwiritse ntchito magetsi kwathunthu, koma imakhala yosinthika komanso yosavuta yomwe imatha kukhazikitsidwa kulikonse! Pamapeto pake, iyi ndi njira yanzeru kwambiri kuposa zonse, ngakhale poyang'ana koyamba zikuwoneka ngati zosavuta kwa inu. Koma ndi gawo lopepuka lomwe limapangitsa kuti likhale losangalatsa ...

Mawonekedwe a haibridi ofanana

Kukonzekera uku, ma motors awiri amatha kusinthasintha mawilo, kaya ndi matenthedwe okha, kapena magetsi okha (pa ma hybrids athunthu), kapena onse nthawi imodzi. Kuwunjika kwa mphamvu kudzadalira zosintha zina (onani pansipa: kudzikundikira mphamvu). Komanso dziwani kuti zina mwa zigawo zikhoza kukhala zosiyana pang'ono, koma mfundo imakhalabe yofanana: magetsi ndi matenthedwe amayendetsa mawilo kudzera mu gearbox. Chitsanzo ndi ma hybrids aku Germany monga e-Tron / GTE machitidwe. Dongosololi likufalikira kwambiri ndipo liyenera kukhala lochuluka.

Werengani: tsatanetsatane wa hybridization e-Tron (transverse ndi longitudinal) ndi GTE.

Chonde dziwani kuti ndinaganiza zopanga zithunzi zanga ndi injini yosinthira, ndiko kuti, magalimoto athu ambiri. Ma sedans apamwamba nthawi zambiri amakhala pamalo aatali. Komanso zindikirani kuti ndikunena pano zowawa kuti disconnects injini kuchokera kufala (kotero kungakhale koyenera kuwonjezera zowalamulira kapena Converter pakati pa galimoto magetsi ndi gearbox kuwonjezera dera. E-Tense chitsanzo ndi HYbrid / HYbrid4 kuchokera ku PSA)

Ichi ndi dongosolo pa Mercedes ndi injini longitudinal. Ndaunikira mofiira mota yamagetsi yomwe ili moyang'anizana ndi chosinthira ma torque. Kumanja ndi gearbox (planetary, chifukwa BVA), ndi kumanzere ndi injini.

Mitundu ya Hybrid Mount

Machitidwe ena adawona mosiyana, monga galimoto yamagetsi yokha yomwe imatha kuyendetsa mawilo. Ndiye injini yotentha idzagwira ntchito ngati jenereta yamagetsi yowonjezeretsa mabatire. Injini yokhayo ilibe kugwirizana ndi kufala kotero ndi mawilo, n'zokayikitsa kuti ndi mbali ya zimango, kotero kuti amaikidwa pambali. Apa mutha kutchula BMW i3 kapena Chevrolet Volt / Opel Ampera (mabinoculars).

Pano, galimoto yamagetsi yokha imatha kusuntha galimotoyo, chifukwa ndi yokhayo yomwe imagwirizanitsa ndi mawilo. Titha kuganiza kuti iyi ndi galimoto yamagetsi, yomwe idzakhala ndi jenereta yowonjezera yowonjezera kudzilamulira. Injini yotenthetsera yomwe imapanga mahatchi mazana sangakhale yothandiza chifukwa imangopanga magetsi.

Series-parallel unsembe

Apa mutha kukhala ndi vuto lomvetsetsa lingaliro mwachangu ... Zowonadi, zimakhala zanzeru momwe zimavutira kumvetsetsa. Zina mwazifukwa zili mu sitima yapaplaneti, yomwe imalola mphamvu kusungidwa pa shaft imodzi kuchokera kuzinthu ziwiri zosiyana: injini yamagetsi ndi injini yotentha. Ndizovuta za chiwerengero cha zinthu zosuntha zomwe zimagwira ntchito limodzi, komanso njira zambiri zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dongosololi likhale lovuta kuphunzira padziko lonse (kusakanikirana kwa malingaliro ovuta okhudzana ndi chingwe chotumizira, makamaka sitima ya epicyclic, koma komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi monga kupanga zamakono komanso kutumiza torque yokhala ndi clutch effect). Imatchedwa sequential / parallel chifukwa imaphatikiza njira ziwiri zogwirira ntchito (zomwe zimasokoneza zinthu ...).

Werengani zambiri: Momwe Toyota Hybrid (HSD) Imagwirira Ntchito.

Kumanga kumasiyanasiyana ku mibadwomibadwo, koma mfundo ndi yofanana

Chithunzicho chili chozondoka chifukwa chikawonedwa mbali ina ...

Osiyana / Osiyana Ophatikiza

Titha kutchula, mwachitsanzo, dongosolo la PSA (kapena m'malo mwa Aisin) Hybrid4, momwe galimoto yamagetsi imapangidwira mawilo akumbuyo, pomwe kutsogolo kumakhala kozolowereka ndi injini yotentha (nthawi zina imakhala yosakanizidwa kutsogolo ngati Rav4). HSD kapena m'badwo wachiwiri HYbrid2 ndi HYbrid4 nthawi zina).

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hybridization

Tisanayang'ane njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira galimoto yosakanizidwa, tiyeni tiyang'ane kaye mawu ofotokozera mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosakanikirana:

• Zophatikiza zonse : kwenikweni "wosakanizidwa wathunthu": magetsi okhala ndi 30% ya mphamvu zonse. Galimoto yamagetsi (ndipo pakhoza kukhala angapo a iwo) amatha kusuntha mosasunthika kwa makilomita angapo.
• Pulagi-wosakanizidwa : Full pulagi-mu wosakanizidwa. Mabatire amatha kulumikizidwa mwachindunji ku mains.
• Wosakanizidwa wofatsa / Microhybrid : Pamenepa, galimoto sidzatha kuyendetsa kwathunthu pa magetsi, ngakhale mtunda waufupi. Chifukwa chake, chojambula chotenthetsera chizikhala choyaka nthawi zonse. Matembenuzidwe amakono a 48V amathandizira ngakhale injini kudzera pa pulley yonyowa. M'matembenuzidwe oyambirira a 2010s, anali ochepa kwa Stop ndi Sart yabwino, chifukwa inkayendetsedwa ndi jenereta-woyambitsa, osati woyambira nthawi zonse (kuti tithe kuyambiranso mphamvu panthawi ya kuchepa, zomwe sizikanakhala choncho ndi classic chiyambi ndithu)

Chifukwa chiyani mphamvu sizimakula nthawi zonse?

Pankhani ya hybrid yoyendetsedwa ndi injini yamagetsi, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi jenereta yotentha (kapena injini ...), n'zosavuta kumvetsa kuti palibe chomwe chiyenera kuchitika ... Lolani mphamvu yotentha ikhale 2 kapena 1000 mphamvu pamahatchi. sichingasinthe chilichonse, chifukwa chimangogwiritsidwa ntchito powonjezeranso mabatire. Kwenikweni itha kuseweredwa pa reload liwiro.

Kwa dongosolo lakale kwambiri (galimoto yopangidwa mwachikhalidwe yokhala ndi mota yamagetsi yothandizira), mphamvu yamagetsi ndi injini yotentha sonkhanitsa koma siziyenera kuchititsa kuti munthu angosiya ntchito.

Zowonadi, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingakhudze kuchulukana, mwachitsanzo:

• Masanjidwe adongosolo (kodi choyendetsa chamagetsi chidzayendetsa mawilo ofanana ndi chithunzithunzi chotenthetsera? Osati pa Hybrid4, mwachitsanzo hybrid yofanana kapena yotsatizana)
• Mphamvu ya batri (kuyendetsa galimoto yamagetsi) imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa mosiyana ndi matenthedwe, omwe amayendetsedwa ndi mafuta a thanki (malita 2 ndi okwanira 8 hp V500 kwa masekondi angapo), galimoto yamagetsi sichitha kutulutsa mphamvu zake zonse ngati batire silikwanira ( osachepera mofanana ndi injini yoyendetsedwa), zomwe zili choncho pamitundu ina. Poyerekeza ndi locomotive dizilo, zili ngati kuti mafuta anali ochepa ...
• Kufotokozera kwa injini ziwiri zophatikizika. Injini sapereka mphamvu yomweyo pa liwiro lonse (injini akuti ndi X ndiyamphamvu pa X rpm, mphamvu yomwe imakhala yosiyana Y / mphindi). Choncho, pamene ma motors awiri akuphatikizidwa, mphamvu yaikulu siimafika ku mphamvu yaikulu ya ma motors awiri. Chitsanzo: Kutentha mphamvu 200 HP pa 3000 rpm kuphatikiza ndi kutulutsa kwamagetsi kwa 50 hp. pa 2000 rpm sichidzatha kupereka 250 hp. pa 3000 rpm, popeza galimoto yamagetsi inali ndi mphamvu yaikulu (50) pa 2000 t / min. Pa 3000 rpm imangopanga 40 hp, kotero 200 + 40 = 240 hp.

Ndemanga zonse ndi mayankho

chatha ndemanga yolemba:

Emrys kwa (Tsiku: 2021, 06:30:07)

Lexus RX 400h 2010

Ndili ndi vuto ndi kulipiritsa batire la 12V. Ndikufuna thandizo chonde

Ine. 1 Zotsatira (izi) ku ndemanga iyi:

• Admin WOTSATIRA MALO (2021-07-01 10:32:38): Popeza palibe njira yosinthira, imalumikizidwa kumagetsi amagetsi omwe amawongolera kuyenda kwamagetsi.

(Positi yanu idzawonekera pansi pa ndemanga pambuyo pakutsimikizira)

Lembani ndemanga

Ndi iti mwazinthu izi zomwe zimakulimbikitsani kwambiri pankhani yazabwino?