Momwe ma airbags amakono amagwirira ntchito

Masiku ano, simudzadabwa aliyense ndi kukhalapo kwa airbag m'galimoto. Ma automaker ambiri odziwika ali nawo kale pamasinthidwe oyambira amitundu yambiri. Pamodzi ndi lamba wapampando, ma airbags amateteza okhalamo modalirika kwambiri zikagundana ndikuchepetsa chiwerengero cha imfa ndi 30%.

Momwe izo zinayambira

Lingaliro la kugwiritsa ntchito airbags m'magalimoto linakhazikitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 70s ku United States. Chilimbikitso chinali chopangidwa ndi Allen Breed cha sensa ya mpira - sensa yamakina yomwe idatsimikiza kutsika kwakukulu kwa liwiro panthawi yamphamvu. Ndipo jekeseni wofulumira wa gasi, njira ya pyrotechnic inakhala yabwino kwambiri.

Mu 1971, chopangidwacho chinayesedwa mu Ford Taunus. Ndipo chitsanzo choyamba chopanga chokhala ndi airbag, patatha chaka chimodzi, chinali Oldsmobile Toronado. Posakhalitsa lusoli linatengedwa ndi ena opanga magalimoto.

Kuyambitsidwa kwa mapilo kunali chifukwa chakusiya kwakukulu kwa lamba wapampando, omwe ku America sanali otchuka. Komabe, kunapezeka kuti yamphamvu mpweya kuwombera pa liwiro la 300 Km / h kungachititse kuvulala kwambiri. Makamaka, milandu ya fractures ya chiberekero cha chiberekero komanso ngakhale imfa zinalembedwa.

Zochitika za Achimereka zidaganiziridwa ku Ulaya. Pafupifupi zaka 10 pambuyo pake, Mercedes-Benz anayambitsa dongosolo limene airbag sanalowe m'malo, koma anawonjezera malamba. Njirayi yakhala yovomerezeka ndipo ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito mpaka pano - chikwama cha airbag chimayambika pambuyo pomangika lamba.

Mu masensa amakina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyamba, kulemera (mpira) kunasuntha panthawi ya kugunda ndikutseka zomwe zinayambitsa dongosolo. Masensa oterowo sanali olondola mokwanira komanso odekha. Chifukwa chake, adasinthidwa ndi masensa apamwamba kwambiri komanso othamanga a electromechanical.

Zikwama zamakono zamakono

Chikwama cha airbag ndi thumba lopangidwa ndi zinthu zokhazikika. Akauyambitsa, pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo amadzaza ndi mpweya. Zinthuzo zimakutidwa ndi mafuta opangidwa ndi talc, omwe amathandizira kutsegulidwa kwachangu.

Dongosololi limathandizidwa ndi masensa owopsa, jenereta ya gasi ndi gawo lowongolera.

Masensa odabwitsa samazindikira mphamvu yakukhudzidwa, monga momwe mungaganizire, kuweruza ndi dzina, koma mathamangitsidwe. Pakugundana, ili ndi phindu loipa - mwa kuyankhula kwina, tikukamba za liwiro la kuchepa.

Pansi pampando wokwera pali sensor yomwe imazindikira ngati munthu wakhalapo. Ngati palibe, pilo yofananira sigwira ntchito.

Cholinga cha jenereta ya gasi ndikudzaza thumba la mpweya nthawi yomweyo ndi mpweya. Itha kukhala mafuta olimba kapena wosakanizidwa.

Mu propellant yolimba, mothandizidwa ndi squib, mtengo wamafuta olimba umayaka, ndipo kuyaka kumaphatikizidwa ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mpweya wa nayitrogeni.

Mu wosakanizidwa, mtengo wokhala ndi mpweya woponderezedwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito - monga lamulo, ndi nayitrogeni kapena argon.

Pambuyo poyambitsa injini yoyaka mkati, gawo lowongolera limayang'ana thanzi la dongosolo ndikupereka chizindikiro chofananira ku dashboard. Pa nthawi ya kugundana, imasanthula zizindikiro kuchokera ku masensa ndipo, malingana ndi liwiro la kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, mlingo wa kuchepa, malo ndi momwe zimakhudzira, zimayambitsa kuyambitsa kwa airbags zofunika. Nthawi zina, chirichonse chikhoza kungokhala ndi zovuta za lamba.

Chigawo chowongolera nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi capacitor, chomwe chimatha kuyatsa squib pamene maukonde a pa bolodi azimitsidwa.

Njira yoyendetsera thumba la mpweya imaphulika ndipo imachitika pasanathe 50 milliseconds. M'mitundu yamakono yosinthira, kutsegulira kwa magawo awiri kapena angapo ndikotheka, kutengera mphamvu ya nkhonya.

Mitundu yama airbags amakono

Poyamba, ankangogwiritsa ntchito zikwama zakutsogolo zokha. Iwo amakhalabe otchuka kwambiri mpaka lero, kuteteza dalaivala ndi wokwera yemwe wakhala pafupi naye. Chikwama cha airbag cha dalaivala chimapangidwira mu chiwongolero, ndipo chikwama cha airbag chili pafupi ndi chipinda cha glove.

Airbag yakutsogolo ya wokwerayo nthawi zambiri imapangidwa kuti izizimitsidwa kuti mpando wamwana ukhazikike pampando wakutsogolo. Ngati sichizimitsidwa, kuwombera kwa baluni yotsegulidwa kumatha kuluma kapena kupha mwana.

Zikwama zam'mbali zam'mbali zimateteza pachifuwa ndi m'munsi torso. Nthawi zambiri amakhala kumbuyo kwa mpando wakutsogolo. Zimachitika kuti aikidwa mu mipando yakumbuyo. M'matembenuzidwe apamwamba kwambiri, ndizotheka kukhala ndi zipinda ziwiri - zolimba kwambiri komanso zofewa kuti ziteteze chifuwa.

Pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zolakwika za pachifuwa, piloyo imakhala yomangidwa mwachindunji mu lamba wapampando.

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 90 Toyota anali woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito airbags mutu kapena, monga amatchedwanso, "makatani". Amayikidwa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa denga.

M'zaka zomwezo, matumba a mpweya wa mawondo adawonekera. Amayikidwa pansi pa chiwongolero ndikuteteza miyendo ya dalaivala ku zolakwika. N'zothekanso kuteteza miyendo ya wokwera kutsogolo.

Posachedwapa, khushoni yapakati yagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pakachitika vuto la mbali kapena rollover yagalimoto, zimalepheretsa kuvulala kwa anthu omwe akuwombana. Imayikidwa mu armrest kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo kwa mpando wakumbuyo.

Chotsatira chotsatira pa chitukuko cha chitetezo cha pamsewu chikhoza kukhala kukhazikitsidwa kwa airbag yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi woyenda pansi ndikuteteza mutu wake kuti usamenye galasi. Chitetezo chotere chapangidwa kale ndikuvomerezedwa ndi Volvo.

Wopanga magalimoto waku Sweden sayima pamenepo ndipo akuyesa kale khushoni lakunja lomwe limateteza galimoto yonse.

Air bag iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera

Thumba likadzadza mwadzidzidzi ndi gasi, kulimenya kungawononge kwambiri munthu ndipo ngakhale imfa. Kuopsa kothyola msana chifukwa chogundana ndi pilo kumawonjezeka ndi 70% ngati munthu sakhala pansi.

Chifukwa chake, lamba wapampando womangika ndi chofunikira pakuyambitsa thumba la mpweya. Nthawi zambiri dongosololi limasinthidwa kotero kuti ngati dalaivala kapena wokwerayo sakhala pansi, airbag yofananirayo siyaka.

Mtunda wovomerezeka pakati pa munthu ndi mpando wa airbag ndi 25 cm.

Ngati galimoto ili ndi chiwongolero chosinthika, ndi bwino kuti musatengeke komanso musakankhire chiwongolero chokwera kwambiri. Kuyika kolakwika kwa airbag kungayambitse kuvulala koopsa kwa dalaivala.

Mafani a taxi osakhala wamba panthawi yowombera pilo amakhala pachiwopsezo chothyoka manja awo. Ndi malo olakwika a manja a dalaivala, thumba la mpweya limawonjezeranso mwayi wosweka poyerekeza ndi zochitika zomwe zimakhala ndi lamba wokhazikika.

Ngati lamba wapampando wamangidwa, mwayi wovulazidwa pamene thumba la mpweya likugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi laling'ono, komabe n'zotheka.

Nthawi zina, kutumizidwa kwa airbag kungayambitse kumva kapena kuyambitsa matenda a mtima. Zotsatira za magalasi zimatha kuswa magalasi, ndiyeno pali ngozi yowonongeka kwa maso.

Nthano zodziwika bwino za airbag

Kugunda galimoto yoyimitsidwa ndi chinthu cholemera kapena, mwachitsanzo, nthambi yamtengo yomwe ikugwa ingayambitse thumba la airbag.

M'malo mwake, sipadzakhala ntchito, chifukwa pankhaniyi, sensa yothamanga imauza gawo lowongolera kuti galimotoyo idayima. Pachifukwa chomwecho, dongosololi silingagwire ntchito ngati galimoto ina iwulukira m'galimoto yoyimitsidwa.

Kuthamanga kapena kuthamanga mwadzidzidzi kungapangitse airbag kutuluka.

Izi sizikumveka. Kugwira ntchito kumatheka ndi kuchuluka kwa 8g ndi kupitilira apo. Poyerekeza, othamanga a Formula 1 kapena oyendetsa ndege sadutsa 5g. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale mabuleki adzidzidzi, kapena maenje, kapena kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwanjira sikungapangitse kuti chikwama cha mpweya chiziwombera. Kuwombana ndi nyama kapena njinga zamoto nthawi zambiri sikuyambitsa ma airbags.