Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito "ndale" pamagetsi odziwikiratu

Ngakhale kufala Buku akadali ambiri othandizira, oyendetsa kwambiri amakonda kufala basi (zodziwikiratu HIV). Ma gearbox a robotic ndi ma CVT amatchukanso, omwe amaganiziridwa molakwika ngati mitundu yama gearbox odziwikiratu.

M'malo mwake, bokosi la loboti ndi bokosi lamanja lokhala ndi zowongolera zodziwikiratu komanso kusuntha kwa zida, ndipo chosinthira nthawi zambiri chimakhala mtundu wosiyana wopatsirana mosalekeza, ndipo kwenikweni sungathe kutchedwa gearbox.

Apa tingolankhula za classic bokosi makina.

Mwachidule za chipangizo cholumikizira chodziwikiratu

Maziko a gawo lake lamakina ndi ma seti a pulaneti - ma gearbox, momwe magiya amayikidwa mkati mwa giya yayikulu mu ndege yomweyo. Amapangidwa kuti asinthe chiŵerengero cha zida posintha liwiro. Magiya amasinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma clutch pack (ma friction clutches).

Chosinthira ma torque (kapena kungoti "donut") chimatumiza torque kuchokera ku injini yoyatsira mkati kupita ku gearbox. Mwachidziwitso, zimayenderana ndi clutch mu ma transmissions amanja.

Purosesa ya unit control imalandira zambiri kuchokera ku masensa angapo ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a gawo logawa (hydraulic unit). Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za gawo logawa ndi ma valve solenoid (nthawi zambiri amatchedwa solenoids) ndi ma spools olamulira. Chifukwa cha iwo, madzimadzi ogwira ntchito amawongoleredwa ndipo zowomba zimagwira ntchito.

Ichi ndi kufotokoza chosavuta cha kufala basi, amene amalola dalaivala kuti asaganize kusintha magiya ndi zimapangitsa kuyendetsa galimoto momasuka kuposa kufala Buku.

Koma ngakhale ndi kuwongolera kosavuta, mafunso okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma transmission odziwikiratu amakhalabe. Makamaka mikangano yakuthwa imabuka pankhani ya N (ndale).

Kupereka kusalowerera ndale mu automatic transmission

Mu giya ndale, makokedwe si kufalitsidwa kwa gearbox, motero, mawilo sazungulira, galimoto ndi kuyima. Izi ndi zoona kwa onse manual ndi automatic transmissions. Pankhani yotumiza pamanja, zida zopanda ndale zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi, nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa pamagetsi apamsewu, pakayimitsidwa pang'ono, komanso ngakhale pagombe. Pamene ndale ikugwira ntchito pamanja, dalaivala akhoza kuchotsa phazi lawo pa clutch pedal.

Kusintha kuchokera kumakanika kupita ku zodziwikiratu, ambiri akupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito kusalowerera ndale mwanjira yomweyo. Komabe, mfundo ya ntchito kufala zodziwikiratu n'kosiyana kotheratu, palibe zowalamulira, ndi ndale gear mode ali ndi ntchito yochepa kwambiri.

Ngati chosankhacho chaikidwa pa "N", chosinthira makokedwe chidzazungulirabe, koma ma disks othamanga adzakhala otseguka, ndipo sipadzakhala kugwirizana pakati pa injini ndi mawilo. Popeza shaft yotulutsa ndi mawilo sanatsekeredwe mwanjira iyi, makinawo amatha kusuntha ndipo amatha kukokedwa kapena kukulungidwa pagalimoto yokokera. Mukhozanso kugwedeza pamanja galimoto munakhala matalala kapena matope. Izi zimachepetsa kuyika giya yosalowerera mu makina otumiza okha. Palibe chifukwa chochigwiritsa ntchito pazochitika zina zilizonse.

Osalowerera ndale mu kuchulukana kwa magalimoto komanso pamalo pomwe pali magalimoto

Kodi ndisinthe lever kuti ikhale "N" pamagetsi apamsewu komanso ndikamayendetsa pagulu lambiri? Ena amachita izi mwachizoloŵezi, ena mwa njira iyi amapereka mpumulo ku mwendo, womwe umakakamizika kugwira chopondapo kwa nthawi yaitali, ena amayendetsa galimoto mpaka kumalo otsetsereka poyendetsa nyanja, kuyembekezera kupulumutsa mafuta.

Palibe tanthauzo lenileni mu zonsezi. Mukayimirira pamagetsi oyendetsa magalimoto ndipo chosinthira chili pa "D", pampu ya mafuta imapanga mphamvu yokhazikika muzitsulo za hydraulic block, valve imatsegulidwa kuti ipereke kupanikizika kwa ma disks oyambirira a friction. Galimotoyo idzayenda mukangotulutsa ma brake pedal. Sipadzakhala clutch kutsetsereka. Kwa kufala kwadzidzidzi, iyi ndi njira yabwinobwino yogwirira ntchito.

Ngati nthawi zonse mumasintha kuchokera ku "D" kupita ku "N" ndi kubwerera, ndiye kuti nthawi zonse ma valve akutsegula ndi kutseka, zingwe zimapanikizidwa ndi zosasunthika, ziboliboli zimakhudzidwa ndi kuchotsedwa, madontho apansi mu thupi la valve amawonedwa. Zonsezi pang'onopang'ono, koma mosalekeza komanso mopanda chilungamo zimawononga gearbox.

Palinso chiopsezo chopondapo gasi, ndikuiwala kubwezeretsa wosankhayo kuti akhazikitse D. Ndipo izi zadzaza kale ndi mantha pamene mukusintha, zomwe pamapeto pake zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa gearbox.

Ngati mwendo wanu watopa ndi kupanikizana kwautali wamsewu kapena simukufuna kuwunikira ma brake magetsi pamaso pa munthu yemwe ali kumbuyo kwanu usiku, mutha kusintha kusalowerera ndale. Osayiwala kuti munjira iyi mawilo amatsegulidwa. Ngati msewu uli wotsetsereka, galimotoyo imatha kugubuduka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kuyika handbrake. Chifukwa chake, ndizosavuta komanso zodalirika kusinthira ku park (P) munthawi ngati izi.

Mfundo yakuti mafuta amasungidwa osalowerera ndale ndi nthano yakale komanso yokhazikika. Kusalowerera ndale kuti tisunge mafuta kunali nkhani yotentha kwambiri zaka 40 zapitazo. M'magalimoto amakono, kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya kumasilinda a injini zoyatsira mkati kumayima pomwe chopondapo cha gasi chimatulutsidwa. Ndipo mu zida za ndale, injini yoyaka mkati imapita munjira yopanda pake, yomwe imawononga mafuta ochulukirapo.

Nthawi Yomwe Sitiyenera Kusuntha Kupita Pandale

Anthu ambiri akamatsika amakhala osalowerera ndale komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ngati muchita izi, ndiye kuti mwayiwala zina zomwe munaphunzitsidwa kusukulu yoyendetsa galimoto. M'malo mopulumutsa, mumagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri, koma izi sizoyipa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kumamatira kofooka kwa mawilo pamsewu, muzochitika zotere mudzakakamizika kuti muchepetse nthawi zonse, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chiopsezo cha kutenthedwa kwa mapepala chikuwonjezeka. Mabuleki amangolephera kulephera panthawi yosayenera.

Kuphatikiza apo, luso loyendetsa galimoto lidzachepa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, simungathe kuwonjezera liwiro ngati pakufunika kutero.

Mwachindunji kwa kufala zodziwikiratu, kukwera koteroko sikukhala bwino. Mu zida zopanda ndale, kupanikizika kwamafuta kumachepa. Pachifukwa ichi, opanga ambiri amaletsa kupitilira liwiro la 40 km / h osalowerera ndale ndikuyendetsa mtunda wa makilomita oposa 30-40. Apo ayi, kutenthedwa ndi chilema mu mbali zodziwikiratu kufala n'zotheka.

Ngati musuntha lever kupita kumalo a "N" mofulumira, palibe choipa chomwe chidzachitike. Koma mukhoza kubwerera ku "D" mode popanda kuvulaza gearbox pokhapokha galimoto atasiya kwathunthu. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito ku Park (P) ndi Reverse (R) modes.

Kusintha kwa gearbox kuchokera ku ndale kupita ku "D" pamene mukuyendetsa galimoto kungayambitse kusintha kwakukulu kwa kuthamanga mu gearbox hydraulics, ndipo ma shafts adzachita maulendo osiyanasiyana.

Nthawi yoyamba kapena yachiwiri, mwina zonse ziyenda bwino. Koma ngati nthawi zonse kusintha kwa "N" udindo pamene kutsetsereka pansi phiri, ndi bwino kufunsa pasadakhale za mtengo kukonza kufala basi. Mwachidziwikire, mudzataya chikhumbo chokoka chosinthira nthawi zonse.