Kodi clutch imagwira ntchito bwanji m'galimoto komanso momwe mungayang'anire?

Kodi clutch ndi chiyani?

Chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe ka galimoto mu injini yake, makamaka, mu torque yomwe imapanga. Clutch ndi njira yotumizira yomwe imayang'anira kusamutsa mphindi ino kuchokera ku injini yagalimoto kupita ku mawilo ake kudzera mu gearbox.

Clutch imapangidwa mu kapangidwe ka makina pakati pa gearbox ndi mota. Zili ndi tsatanetsatane monga:

• ma disks awiri - flywheel ndi clutch basket;
• disk imodzi yoyendetsedwa - disk clutch yokhala ndi zikhomo;
• tsinde lolowera ndi zida;
• shaft yachiwiri yokhala ndi zida;
• kumasula kuchitira;
• clutch pedal.

Kodi clutch imagwira ntchito bwanji m'galimoto?

Disiki yoyendetsa - flywheel - imayikidwa mwamphamvu mu crankshaft ya injini. Dengu la clutch, nalonso, limamangidwa ndi flywheel. Chimbale cha clutch chimakanikizidwa pamwamba pa flywheel chifukwa cha kasupe wa diaphragm, womwe uli ndi dengu la clutch.

Pamene galimoto imayamba, injiniyo imayambitsa kayendedwe ka crankshaft ndipo, motero, flywheel. Shaft yolowera mu bokosi la giya imalowetsedwa kudzera mu thumba la clutch dengu, flywheel ndi disk drive. Zozungulira sizimatumizidwa mwachindunji kuchokera ku flywheel kupita ku shaft yolowetsa. Kuti muchite izi, pali diski yoyendetsedwa pamapangidwe a clutch, yomwe imazungulira ndi shaft pa liwiro lomwelo ndikusunthira mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo motsatira.

Malo omwe magiya a ma shafts a pulayimale ndi sekondale samalumikizana wina ndi mnzake amatchedwa ndale. Pamalo awa, galimoto imatha kugubuduka ngati msewu uli wotsetsereka, koma osayendetsa. Momwe mungasamutsire kasinthasintha ku shaft yachiwiri, yomwe imayendetsa mawilo molakwika? Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito clutch pedal ndi gearbox.

Pogwiritsa ntchito pedal, dalaivala amasintha malo a diski pa shaft. Zimagwira ntchito motere: dalaivala akakanikizira chopondapo, chotsitsacho chimakanikizira pa diaphragm - ndipo ma clutch discs amatseguka. Mtsinje wolowetsa mu nkhani iyi umayima. Pambuyo pake, dalaivala amasuntha lever pa gearbox ndikuyatsa liwiro. Pakadali pano, ma giya olowera shaft ma mesh okhala ndi zida zotulutsa. Tsopano dalaivala akuyamba kumasula bwino kachipangizo ka clutch, kukanikiza chimbale choyendetsedwa ndi flywheel. Ndipo popeza shaft yolowera imalumikizidwa ndi diski yoyendetsedwa, imayambanso kuzungulira. Chifukwa cha ma meshing pakati pa magiya a shafts, kuzungulira kumafalikira ku mawilo. Mwa njira iyi, injini imagwirizanitsidwa ndi magudumu, ndipo galimotoyo imayamba kuyenda. Pamene galimoto kale pa liwiro lathunthu, mukhoza kwathunthu kumasula zowalamulira. Ngati muwonjezera gasi pamalo awa, liwiro la injini lidzawuka, komanso kuthamanga kwa galimoto ndi iwo.

Komabe, zowalamulira ndi zofunika osati galimoto kuyamba ndi imathandizira. Simungathe kuchita popanda izo pamene braking. Kuti muyime, muyenera kufinya clutch ndikusindikiza pang'onopang'ono chopondapo. Mukayimitsa, chotsani zidazo ndikumasula clutch. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mu ntchito ya clutch, njira zimachitika zomwe zimakhala zosiyana ndi zomwe zinachitika kumayambiriro kwa kayendetsedwe kake.

Malo ogwirira ntchito a flywheel ndi clutch basket amapangidwa ndi zitsulo, ndipo za clutch disc zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zapadera zotsutsana. Ndizinthu izi zomwe zimapereka slip disc ndipo zimalola kuti zidutse pakati pa flywheel ndi clutch dengu pamene dalaivala akugwira clutch kumayambiriro kwa kayendetsedwe kake. Ndi chifukwa cha kutsetsereka kwa zimbale kuti galimoto akuyamba bwino.

Pamene dalaivala akutulutsa mwadzidzidzi clutch, dengu limakanikiza diski yoyendetsedwa, ndipo injini ilibe nthawi yoyambitsa galimoto ndikuyamba kuyenda mofulumira kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, injini imasiya. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika kwa oyendetsa novice omwe sanakumanepo ndi malo a clutch pedal. Ndipo ali ndi mfundo zazikulu zitatu:

• pamwamba - pamene dalaivala sakukakamiza;
• m'munsi - pamene dalaivala akuifinya kwathunthu, ndipo imakhala pansi;
• sing'anga - kugwira ntchito - pamene dalaivala amamasula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo clutch disc ikugwirizana ndi flywheel.

Ngati muponya clutch mothamanga kwambiri, ndiye kuti galimotoyo imayamba kusuntha. Ndipo ngati muyisunga mu theka-yofinyidwa pamene galimoto ikuyamba kusuntha, ndipo pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera mpweya, ndiye kuti kukangana kwa diski yoyendetsedwa pazitsulo zazitsulo za flywheel kudzakhala koopsa kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, mayendedwe agalimoto amatsagana ndi fungo losasangalatsa, ndiyeno amati "clutch" ikuyaka. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti pakhale kutha msanga kwa malo ogwirira ntchito.

Kodi clutch imawoneka bwanji ndipo ndi chiyani?

Clutch imayendetsedwa molingana ndi zida zingapo zogwirira ntchito. Malinga ndi kukhudzana kwa zinthu zongokhala ndi zogwira ntchito, magulu otsatirawa a node amasiyanitsidwa:

• Zopangidwa ndi Hydraulic.
• Mphamvu yamagetsi.
• Kukangana.

Mu hydraulic version, ntchitoyo ikuchitika ndi kutuluka kwa kuyimitsidwa kwapadera. Zolumikizana zofananira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabokosi odziyimira pawokha.

1 - nkhokwe ya hydraulic drive yolumikizira / silinda yayikulu yama brake; 2 - payipi yoperekera madzimadzi; 3 - vacuum brake booster; 4 - kapu ya fumbi; 5 - ananyema servo bulaketi; 6 - pedal yolumikizira; 7 - valavu yotulutsa magazi ya silinda ya master clutch; 8 - clutch master silinda; 9 - mtedza womangirira wa mkono wa silinda yayikulu yolumikizira; 10 - kugwirizana kwa mapaipi; 11 - payipi; 12 - gasket; 13 - chithandizo; 14 - kutentha; 15 - gasket; 16 - koyenera kukhetsa magazi silinda ya kapolo wa clutch; 17 - clutch kapolo yamphamvu; 18 - mtedza kumangirira bulaketi ya silinda yogwira ntchito; 19 - clutch nyumba; 20 - flexible payipi lumikiza; 21 - payipi yosinthika

Mphamvu yamagetsi. Magnetic flux imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa. Kuikidwa pa magalimoto ang'onoang'ono.

Frictional kapena wamba. Kusamutsidwa kwachangu kumachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu ya kukangana. Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wamagalimoto okhala ndi kufala kwamanja.

1.* Miyezo yofotokozera. 2. Kumangitsa makokedwe a ma bolts okwera ma crankcase 3. Kuthamangitsidwa kwa clutch kwa galimoto kuyenera kupereka: 1. Kusuntha kwa clutch kuti muchotse clutch 2. Mphamvu ya Axial pamphete yokhotakhota pamene clutch sichimachotsedwa 4. Poyang'ana A-A, clutch ndi gearbox casing sizikuwonetsedwa.

 Mwa mtundu wa chilengedwe. M'gulu ili, mitundu yotsatirayi yolumikizana imasiyanitsidwa:

• centrifugal;
• pang'ono centrifugal;
• ndi main spring
• ndi zotumphukira zozungulira.

Malingana ndi chiwerengero cha shafts, pali:

• Single disk. Mtundu wofala kwambiri.
• Ma disk awiri. Amakhazikitsidwa pamayendedwe onyamula katundu kapena mabasi olimba.
• Multidisk. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa njinga zamoto.

Mtundu wagalimoto. Malinga ndi gulu la clutch drive, amagawidwa kukhala:

• Zimango. Perekani kusamutsidwa kwachangu mukakanikiza lever kudzera pa chingwe kupita ku foloko yotulutsa.
• Zopangidwa ndi Hydraulic. Zimaphatikizapo ma cylinders akuluakulu ndi akapolo a clutch, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi chubu chapamwamba. Pamene chopondapo chikanikizidwa, ndodo ya cylinder key imatsegulidwa, pomwe pisitoni ili. Poyankha, imakanikiza pamadzi othamanga ndikupanga makina osindikizira omwe amatumizidwa ku silinda yayikulu.

Palinso mtundu wolumikizana ndi ma electromagnetic, koma masiku ano sagwiritsidwa ntchito muukadaulo wamakina chifukwa chokonza zodula.

Momwe mungayang'anire ntchito ya clutch?

4 mayeso othamanga. Kwa magalimoto ndi kufala pamanja, pali njira imodzi yosavuta imene mukhoza kutsimikizira kuti Buku kufala zowalamulira walephera pang'ono. Kuwerenga kwa liwiro lapamwamba ndi tachometer yagalimoto yomwe ili pa bolodi ndizokwanira.

Musanafufuze, muyenera kupeza msewu wathyathyathya wokhala ndi malo osalala pafupifupi kilomita imodzi. Idzafunika kuyendetsedwa ndi galimoto. Clutch slip check algorithm ili motere:

• imathandizira galimoto ku zida chachinayi ndi liwiro la 60 Km / h;
• ndiye siyani kuthamanga, chotsani phazi lanu pa pedal pedal ndikulola galimoto kuti ichepetse;
• pamene galimoto ikuyamba "kutsamwitsidwa", kapena pa liwiro la pafupifupi 40 km / h, perekani gasi kwambiri;
• pa nthawi yothamanga, m'pofunika kuyang'anitsitsa kuwerengera kwa speedometer ndi tachometer.

Ndi clutch yabwino, mivi ya zida ziwiri zowonetsedwa idzasunthira kumanja synchronously. Ndiko kuti, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa liwiro la injini, liwiro la galimoto lidzawonjezekanso, inertia idzakhala yochepa komanso chifukwa cha luso la injini (mphamvu yake ndi kulemera kwa galimoto).

Ngati ma clutch discs atopa kwambiri, ndiye kuti panthawi yomwe mukukankhira chopondapo cha gasi, padzakhala kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa liwiro la injini ndi mphamvu, zomwe, komabe, sizidzaperekedwa ku mawilo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti liwiro lidzakwera pang'onopang'ono. Izi zidzafotokozedwa mu mfundo yakuti mivi ya speedometer ndi tachometer imasunthira kumanja kunja kwa kulunzanitsa. Kuonjezera apo, panthawi ya kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa liwiro la injini, mluzu udzamveka kuchokera kwa izo.

cheke chamanja. Njira yoyesera yoperekedwa imatha kuchitidwa pokhapokha ngati brake yamanja (yoyimitsa) yasinthidwa bwino. Iyenera kukonzedwa bwino ndikukonza bwino mawilo akumbuyo. Clutch condition check algorithm idzakhala motere:

• ikani galimoto pa handbrake;
• kuyambitsa injini;
• akanikizire ngo zowalamulira ndi kuchita zida lachitatu kapena lachinayi;
• yesetsani kuchoka, ndiye kuti, kanikizani chopondapo cha gasi ndikumasula chopondapo cha clutch.

Ngati panthawi imodzimodziyo injini ikugwedezeka ndikugwedeza, ndiye kuti zonse ziri mu dongosolo ndi clutch. Ngati injini ikuyenda, ndiye kuti ma clutch discs amavala. Ma disks sangathe kubwezeretsedwanso ndipo mwina kusintha kwa malo awo kapena kusintha kwathunthu kwa seti yonse ndikofunikira.

Zizindikiro zakunja. Kuthekera kwa clutch kungathenso kuweruzidwa mwanjira ina pomwe galimoto ikuyenda, makamaka, kukwera kapena kunyamula. Ngati clutch ikugwedezeka, ndiye kuti pali mwayi waukulu wa fungo loyaka moto mu kanyumba, lomwe lidzachokera mudengu la clutch. Chizindikiro china chosalunjika ndikutayika kwa mawonekedwe amphamvu a makina panthawi yothamanga komanso / kapena poyendetsa kukwera.

Clutch "amatsogolera". Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mawu oti "amatsogolera" amatanthauza kuti ma clutch master ndi ma disks oyendetsedwa samasiyana kwathunthu pamene chopondapo chikugwa. Monga lamulo, izi zimatsagana ndi zovuta pakuyatsa / kusuntha magiya mumayendedwe amanja. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, phokoso losasangalatsa komanso phokoso limamveka kuchokera ku gearbox. Kuyesa kwa clutch munkhaniyi kudzachitika motsatira algorithm iyi:

• yambitsani injini ndikuyisiya ikugwira ntchito;
• kutsitsa kwathunthu clutch pedal;
• gwiritsani ntchito zida zoyamba.

Ngati chotengera cha gearshift chimayikidwa popanda mavuto pampando woyenera, njirayi sichita khama kwambiri ndipo sichimatsagana ndi rattle - zomwe zikutanthauza kuti clutch "siyitsogolera". Apo ayi, pali zochitika pamene chimbale sichimachoka ku flywheel, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto omwe tawatchula pamwambapa. Chonde dziwani kuti kuwonongeka koteroko kungayambitse kulephera kwathunthu kwa clutch, komanso kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa gearbox. Mutha kuthetsa kuwonongeka komwe kufotokozedwera popopera ma hydraulics kapena kusintha mayendedwe a clutch.